חֹמֶר
chômer · H2563 · Hebrew · 31 occurrences
Thing
Meanings
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mud, clay, mortar
Stiff tenacious earth; material of which bricks, pottery, and even man himself is made; buildings made with this material are regarded as relatively weak as opposed to buildings made of stone; therefore it is also seen as relatively worthless material
ExamplesGenesis 11:3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and fire them thoroughly.” And they used brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar.
Exodus 1:14 and they made their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all kinds of labor in the field, all their labors which they violently had them perform as slaves.
Isaiah 10:6 I send it against a godless nation And commission it against the people of My fury To capture spoils and to seize plunder, And to trample them down like mud in the streets.
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to dwell in houses of clay > to be a mortal human being
Literally: to dwell in houses of clay; hence: state of being a mortal human being, living in a body that is bound to return to dust one day
ExamplesJob 4:19 ‘How much more those who live in houses of clay, Whose foundation is in the dust, Who are crushed before the moth!
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homer
Unit of measure of 220 liters or 6 bushels; equals 10 ephah and 100 omer
ExamplesLeviticus 27:16 ‘Again, if someone consecrates to the LORD part of the field of his own property, then your assessment shall be proportionate to the seed needed for it: a homer of barley seed at fifty shekels of silver.
Numbers 11:32 And the people spent all that day, all night, and all the next day, and they gathered the quail (the one who gathered least gathered ten homers) and spread them out for themselves all around the camp.
Isaiah 5:10 “For ten acres of vineyard will yield only one bath of wine, And a homer of seed will yield only an ephah of grain.”
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foaming
Process by which liquids form small bubbles, due to fermentation
ExamplesHabakkuk 3:15 You trampled on the sea with Your horses, On the foam of many waters.
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heap, pile
Quantity of objects lying one on another
ExamplesExodus 8:14 So they piled them in heaps, and the land stank.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
7 occurrences in 5 groups
- שְׂעֹרָהbarley 3
- חוּץoutside 1
- חוֹתָםseal 1
- חִטָּהwheat 1
- מַיִםwater 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- עֲשִׂירִיtenth 1
- עֶשֶׂרten 1
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- חֹמֶרmud 2
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אָמַרto say 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אָסַףto gather, to assemble 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- בַּתdaughter 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- בַּתdaughter 1
- אֲנַחְנוּwe 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
18 occurrences in 6 groups
- כlike/as 11
- בin/on/with 7
- מִןfrom 5
- לto/for 5
- אֵלto, toward 2
- כְּמוֹas, like 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- זֶרַעoffspring, seed 2
- בַּיִתhouse, household 1
- גַבmound 1
- מַעֲשֵׂרtithe, tenth 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- טִיט ṭîyṭ · H2916 · mud, dirt, mire
- Both words denote moldable or wet earth, such as clay and mire; חֹמֶר (chômer, H2563) has a broader range of senses (heap, homer, motion), but its senses of clay and mire overlap directly with the narrower sense of clay, dirt or mire in טִיט (ṭîyṭ, H2916).
- רֶגֶב regeb · H7263 · clod
- Both lexemes denote earthy/soil-related substances (clay/mire vs. clod) within the Dust domain.
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Dust001002005005
- The word denotes clay or mire, an earthen material, as in Genesis 11:3's and Exodus 1:14's references to mortar and clay used in brickmaking.
- Weak002001001069
- This entry carries no independent "Weak" sense of its own; its genuine tagged occurrences describe clay, mortar, or mire as a material or substance (Genesis 11:3, Job 4:19, 10:9, 30:19, Isaiah 45:9), not physical weakness. The domain is bundle-shared with a related sense.
- Capacity002001001010
- The word denotes the homer, a dry measure of volume, as in Leviticus 27:16's assessment of a homer of barley seed.
- Unsteady002001001067
- חֹמֶר denotes clay, mire, or mortar as a soft, unstable, or shapeless material, illustrated at Job 4:19 ("those who live in houses of clay") and Job 10:9 ("You have made me as clay"), and the image of being thrown into the mire at Job 30:19 — a genuine sense of formlessness or instability.
- Quantity002001001046
- The word denotes a heap or a specific quantity of measure, as in Exodus 8:10's reference to heaps of frogs and the homer as a unit of quantity.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2563. chomer I. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine cement, mortar, clay; — ׳ח absolute Gen 11:3 Gen…
I. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine cement, mortar, clay; — ׳ח absolute Gen 11:3 Gen 11:13t.; construct Isa 10:6 Isa 10:2t.; —
1 mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Gen 11:3 (J), Exo 1:14 (P; both || לְבֵנִים); Nah 3:14 (|| טיט).
2 clay:
a. as material of vessels Jer 18:4, Jer 18:6, ׳ח היצר Isa 29:16, in simile of God's fashioning man Isa 45:9; Isa 64:7; Job 10:9; as material of human bodies ח ׳בָּתֵּי Job 4:19; compare Job 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Job 13:12; ׳ח חותם = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed.
b. = mire ׳ח חוצות Isa 10:6; לַח ׳הֹרָנִי Job 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in || clause); as simile of commonness, abundance Job 27:16 (|| עָפָר).
II. חֹ֫מֶר noun [masculine] heap (compare 1. חֲמוֺר) — ׳ח construct ׳ח רַבִּים מַיִם Hab 3:15 a heap of great waters (|| יָם) — but text dubious, see I. חמר; plural חֳמָרִים הֳמָרִים Exo 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.
III. חֹ֫מֶר noun masculine homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but dubious; compare Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, II. R Exo 36:19 a. b Strm4760, Imêru, a measure ZimBP 6 n) — ׳ח absolute Isa 5:10 Isa 5:5t. Ezekiel; construct Hos 3:2-3t.; plural חֳמָרִיםNum 11:32; — ׳ח of barley Hos 3:2; Eze 45:13, compare ח ׳זֶרַע שְׂעֹרִים Lev 27:16 i.e. land on which a ׳ח of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ׳ח of wheat Eze 45:13; in General ח ׳זֶרַע Isa 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, see בַּת below בתת) Eze 45:11 (3 t. in verse); Eze 45:14 (twice in verse) (in Eze 45:14 strike out Co); on actual size of ׳ח, = 393.9 litres, see HultschMetrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452f. See further II. בַּת and references, BenzArch 183 f NowArch. i, 203 f.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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