חוּץ
chûwts · H2351 · Hebrew · 164 occurrences
Thing
Meanings
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outside
A reference to the location outside of an object
ExamplesGenesis 9:22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside.
Genesis 15:5 And He took him outside and said, “Now look toward the heavens and count the stars, if you are able to count them.” And He said to him, “So shall your descendants be.”
Genesis 19:16 But he hesitated. So the men grasped his hand and the hand of his wife and the hands of his two daughters, because the compassion of the LORD was upon him; and they brought him out and put him outside the city.
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outside
Referent to people that are not members of the same group
ExamplesLeviticus 18:9 ‘As for the nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether born in the household or born outside the household, you shall not uncover their nakedness.
Deuteronomy 25:5 “When brothers live together, and one of them dies and has no son, the wife of the deceased shall not be married outside the family to a strange man. Her husband’s brother shall have relations with her and take her to himself as his wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her.
Judges 12:9 He had thirty sons, and thirty daughters whom he gave in marriage outside the family, and he brought in thirty daughters from outside for his sons. And he judged Israel for seven years.
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street
Area outside of living quarters; used as thoroughfare
Examples2 Samuel 1:20 “Tell it not in Gath, Proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, Or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, The daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate.
2 Samuel 22:43 “Then I pulverized them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like the mud of the streets.
Proverbs 1:20 Wisdom shouts in the street, She raises her voice in the public square;
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market, bazaar
Area outside of living quarters; specifically used for trading
Examples1 Kings 20:34 And Ben-hadad said to him, “The cities which my father took from your father I will restore, and you can make streets for yourself in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria.” Ahab said, “And I will let you go with this covenant.” So he made a covenant with him and let him go.
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field
Area outside of town; used for farming
ExamplesJob 5:10 “He gives rain on the earth, And sends water on the fields,
Psalm 144:13 Our granaries are full, providing every kind of produce, And our flocks deliver thousands and ten thousands in our fields;
Proverbs 8:26 While He had not yet made the earth and the fields, Nor the first dust of the world.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
20 occurrences in 8 groups
- יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִםJerusalem 11
- הּher 3
- אָפָהto bake 1
- אַשְׁקְלוֹןAshkelon 1
- ךְyour 1
- הוּhis 1
What is done to itIt is the object
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- חָרַבto dry up, to lie waste 1
- מָלֵאto be full, to fill 1
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
- רָמַסto trample (down) 1
- שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- חוֹמָהwall 1
- חֶרֶבsword 1
- מִדָּהmeasure, size 1
- מוֹשָׁבdwelling, seat 1
- אֲרִיlion 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
94 occurrences in 5 groups
- מִןfrom 81
- בin/on/with 63
- לto/for 5
- אֵלto, toward 3
- כlike/as 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
17 occurrences in 9 groups
- טִיטmud 5
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 4
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (8) 8
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- שׁוּק shûwq · H7784 · street
- Both share the sense "street"—שׁוּק (shûwq, H7784) straightforwardly a street or road, חוּץ (chûwts, H2351) more broadly "abroad, field, forth, highway, out(side), street, without"—overlapping in the sense of a public thoroughfare.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἔξω éxō · G1854 · outside, apart from, out
- Greek ἔξω directly renders Hebrew חוּץ's core spatial sense of 'outside' or 'out' across both literal physical location (outside a building, camp, or city) and figurative extension (beyond a boundary or group), with the Greek term serving as the standard LXX equivalent for this Hebrew lexeme's primary semantic range.
- ἔξωθεν éxōthen · G1855 · from outside, outside, apart from
- Greek ἔξωθεν renders Hebrew חוּץ in spatial contexts denoting external location ('outside', 'outward'), representing direct translation equivalence for the core locational sense shared across both languages.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- Spatial Referents003002005
- The word functions as a spatial marker meaning "outside" or "the outer area," as the ark is covered with pitch "inside and out" (Genesis 6:14).
- Connection002003
- In its adverbial use "without" the word marks exclusion or separation from an enclosed space, standing apart from what lies within.
- Roads001003002007
- The word can also denote the open street or public thoroughfare of a town, the outdoor space where people and traffic move.
- Land001002002
- By extension the word names open country or the outlying field beyond a settlement, as opposed to what is enclosed within a house or city.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2351. chuts חוּץ noun [masculine] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural,…
חוּץ noun [masculine] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural, specifically a street, never with suffix in singular, with ָ ה locative חֻ֫צָה ח֫וּצָה,, plural חֻצוֺת חוּצוֺת,, with suffix חוּצֹתָיו etc., Isa 15:3 etc.; —
1 the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with prepositions, to express the adverb idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic synonym, except in sense 2a, is בַּר, ):
a. as accusative after verb of motion Deu 23:13 חוּץ יָצָא to go forth outside (that is, a camp), Deu 23:14 (as adverb accusative) חוּץ בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ outside, הַחוּץ הוֺצִיא to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Jdg 19:25; 2Sa 13:18 compare Neh 13:8; Jdg 12:9b מִןהַֿחוּץ לְבָנָיו הֵבִיא בָּנוֺת from outside, from abroad, 2Ki 4:3 מִןהַֿחוּץ כֵּלִים שַׁאֲלִילָֿךְ from outside (opposed to בַּבַּיִת 2Ki 4:2); as Genitive Lev 18:9 חוּץ מוֺלֶדֶת one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opposed to בַּיִת מוֺלֶדֶת) Eze 47:2 (twice in verse). With ָ ה locative חוּצָה, after a verb of motion Exo 12:46 חוּצָה ֗֗֗ מִןהַֿבַּיִת, Pro 5:16; 2Ch 29:16, 2Ch 33:15 לָעִיר חוּצָה outside of the city, Num 35:4 וָחוּצָה הָעִיר מִקִּיר from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without 1Ki 6:6; Isa 33:7 חוּצָה צָֽעֲקוּ cry without, 2Ch 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Gen 15:5 הח אֹתוֺ ׳וַיּוֺצֵא and brought him outside, Gen 19:17; Gen 24:29; Jos 2:19 +, 1Ki 8:8 הַחוּצָה יֵרָאוּ לֹא were not seen towards the outside, Deu 25:5 זָר לְאִישׁ הַחוּצָה הַמֵּת אֵשֶׁת תִהְיֶה לֹאi.e. shall not be married into another family, compare Jdg 12:9 a.
b. with preps.: a. אלהֿחוץ towards the outside Eze 41:9, Eze 34:21 pleonastic אלהֿחוצה. b. בחוץ Gen 9:22 outside (opposed to אָהֳלֹה בְּתוֺךְ Gen 9:21), Gen 24:31 בַּחוץ תַעֲמֹד לָמָּה, Deu 24:11; Exo 21:19 בחוץ והתהלך יקום אם (after leaving a sick couch), 2Ki 10:24; Psa 31:12; Eze 7:15 (opposed to מִבַּיִת), Hos 7:1 +. c. לחוץ Psa 41:7 לחוץ יצא; = on the outside Eze 41:17; Eze 42:7, לַחוּצָה2Ch 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן
3c) the outside Eze 40:19; Eze 46:2, וּמִחוּץ מִבַיִת within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Gen 6:14; Exo 25:11 = Exo 37:2; 1Ki 7:9; Deu 32:25 תְּשַׁכֶּלחֶֿרֶב מחוץ (opposed to אֵימָה יּמֵחֲדָרִים), Lam 1:20 (compare Eze 7:15 above b); so מֵהַחוּץ Eze 41:25. לְ מִחוּץ on the outside of, Gen 19:16 לָעִיר מִחוּץ וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ, Gen 24:11; Exo 26:35; Exo 37:7 (twice in verse); Lev 8:17; Lev 14:8; Num 35:5; Jos 6:23; Jer 21:4 +, even after a verb of motion 1Ki 21:13 לְעִיר מִחוּץ וַיּוֺצִיאוּהוּ, 2Ki 23:6, though in this case מחוץל אל is more common, Lev 4:12, Lev 4:21 למחנה מחוץ אל, Lev 6:4; Lev 10:4; Lev 14:40-41, + often P, Deu 23:11. e. מִחוּצָה Eze 40:40 on the outside, לְ מִחוּצָה Eze 40:44. f. (late) מִן חוּץ outside of, Ecc 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, מִמֶּנִּיִ חוּץ outside of me, i.e. except me? (but read rather, with ᵑ6 ᵐ5 De Now and others, מִמֶּנּוּ חוּץ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So Late Hebrew מִן חוּץ except, without, see DeEcc 2:25. compare The Aramaic synonym מִן בַּר except Exo 20:3 ᵑ7; apart from, without Isa 36:10 ᵑ7; Syriac id.)
2 Of a definite locality, namely
a. that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Isa 51:23 לַעֹבְרִים כַּחוּץ, Jer 37:21 הָאֹפִים חוּץ the Bakers' street, Pro 1:20 כַּחוּץ, (|| כָּֽרְחֹבוֺת: so Pro 7:12; Pro 22:13; Jer 9:20); often in plural, as אַשְׁקְלוֹן חוּצֹת the streets of Ashkelon 2Sa 1:20, ׳ח ירושׁלם Jer 5:1; Jer 7:17, Jer 7:34 +? Jeremiah; 1Ki 20:34 בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק תָּשִׂיםלְֿךָ וְחֻצוֺת and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amo 5:16; Isa 15:3; Isa 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Isa 5:25; Jer 51:4; Eze 11:6; Eze 28:23 ( as filled with corpses of slain), כָּלחֿוּצוֺת בְּראֹשׁ i.e. in conspicuous places, Nah 3:10; Lam 2:19; Lam 4:1; Isa 51:20, חוּצוֺת טִיט mire of streets Zec 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Psa 18:43; Mic 7:10 ( so ח ׳כְּחֹמֶר Isa 10:6), metaphor of cheapness and abundance Zec 9:3.
b. more Generally, that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Job 18:17 עַלמְּֿנֵיחֿוּץ לוֺ שֵׁם וְלאֹ (see De), compare Pro 24:27; in the plural Job 5:10 חוּצוֺת פְנֵי עַל מַיִם וְשֹׁלֵחַ, Pro 8:26; Psa 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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