חֹדֶשׁ
chôdesh · H2320 · Hebrew · 283 occurrences
Meanings
-
month
Period of time, measured by a complete cycle in the phases of the moon
ExamplesGenesis 7:11 In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened.
Genesis 8:4 Then in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat.
Genesis 8:5 And the water decreased steadily until the tenth month; in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains became visible.
-
New Moon festival
Religious celebration at the appearance of the new moon, i.e. at the beginning of the month
Examples1 Samuel 20:5 So David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I am obligated to sit down to eat with the king. But let me go so that I may hide myself in the field until the third evening.
1 Samuel 20:18 Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed since your seat will be empty.
1 Samuel 20:24 So David hid himself in the field; and when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
38 occurrences in 13 groups
- אֲדָרAdar 8
- אָבִיבAbib, ear of grain 6
- הוּhis 6
- יוֹםday, time 3
- שָׁנֶהyear 3
- כֶםyour 3
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
146 occurrences in 20 groups
- שְׁבִיעִיseventh 24
- רִאשׁוֹןfirst, former 22
- שֵׁנִיsecond 14
- שְׁנַיִםtwo 12
- זֶהthis 11
- שָׁלוֹשׁthree 10
- Other words · 4 groups that occur once or twice (5) 5
Named alongside itApposition
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- יוֹםday, time 3
- דָּתlaw 1
What it doesIt is the subject
6 occurrences in 4 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 2
- נָגַעto touch 2
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
- עָבַרto pass 1
What is done to itIt is the object
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 2
- שָׁמַרto keep, to guard, to observe 1
- שָׂנֵאto hate 1
What it is said to bePredicate
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- מָחָרtomorrow 2
- עוֹדstill, again, yet 1
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
13 occurrences in 1 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 13
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
196 occurrences in 6 groups
- לto/for 115
- בin/on/with 103
- עַדto, as far as, until 3
- כlike/as 2
- מִןfrom 1
- מfrom 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
29 occurrences in 11 groups
- בֵּןson 10
- יוֹםday, time 4
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- μήν mḗn · G3376 · month
- Greek μήν (mḗn, G3376) is the standard translation equivalent of Hebrew חֹדֶשׁ (chôdesh, H2320) for the time-period sense 'month', rendered directly in LXX passages measuring duration or calendar position (e.g. Genesis 7:11, Exodus 12:2); both lexemes denote the lunar-cycle-based unit of time, though חֹדֶשׁ (chôdesh, H2320) additionally carries the 'new moon' festival sense that Greek typically renders with other constructions.
- τρίμηνον trímēnon · G5150 · for three months
- Greek τρίμηνον specifies a three-month duration as a compound temporal unit, while Hebrew חֹדֶשׁ denotes the base month unit; τρίμηνον is compositionally derived from the month concept and appears in contexts measuring time spans that Hebrew expresses through חֹדֶשׁ with numerals.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Time002002002010
- The noun's ordinary use is as a unit of time, the lunar month, as when the flood's stages are dated to "the second month" and "the seventh month" of Noah's six-hundredth year (Genesis 7:11, 8:4).
- Festivals002002002011
- חֹדֶשׁ denotes the new moon or lunar month, used both as a simple calendar unit (the repeated "second month," "seventh month," and so on in the flood narrative of Genesis 7:11 and 8:4-14) and, in its cultic sense, for the New Moon festival observed on the appearance of each new moon, one of Israel's recurring sacred occasions.
- Names of People003001007
- This code is inherited from the domain listing shared with this word's homograph, the personal name Hodesh (חֹדֶשׁ (Chôdesh, H2321)); the calendrical sense attested here does not itself name a person.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2320. chodesh I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ282 noun masculineGen 7:11 (feminine ᵑ0 Gen 38:24 but masculine…
I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ282 noun masculineGen 7:11 (feminine ᵑ0 Gen 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare LgBN 144; on usage, names, etc., Muss-ArnJBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.) — ׳ח absolute Gen 7:11 +; construct (rare) Gen 29:14 +; suffix חָדְשׁוֺ Num 28:14 Num 28:2t.; חָדְשָׁהּ Hos 2:13; Jer 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי Exo 12:2 Exo 12:2t.; suffix חֳדָשָׁיו Job 14:5 Job 14:2t.; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Isa 1:14; Num 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Num 10:10; —
1 new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1Sa 20:5, 1Sa 20:18, 1Sa 20:24, 1Sa 20:27, 1Sa 20:34 (Dr); compare ח ׳יאֹכְלֵם Hos 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text see We; usually || שַׁבָּת Amo 8:5; 2Ki 4:23; Isa 1:13 (+ מִקְרָא קְרֹא), בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ מִדֵּי Isa 66:23, Eze 46:1, Eze 46:6 (both הַח ׳יוֺם), 1Ch 23:31; 2Ch 2:3; 2Ch 8:13; 2Ch 31:3; Neh 10:34 (all + מוֺעֵד), Hos 2:13; Eze 45:17 (both + מועד חג,); || מוֺעֵד alone Isa 1:14; Eze 3:5; || חַגֵּנוּ יוֺם Psa 81:4; (compare הַח ׳ראֹשׁ Num 10:10; Num 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare DiLv p. 578 f BenzArchäol. § 69); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isa 47:13.
2 month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare BenzArchäol. § 30, but then, without reference to day of beginning);
a. as measure of time during which Gen 38:24 (J), Num 11:20-21, (JE), Num 9:22 (P), Jdg 11:37-38, Jdg 11:39; Jdg 20:47; 1Sa 6:1; 1Sa 27:7; 2Sa 2:11; 2Sa 5:5; 2Sa 6:11; 2Sa 24:8, 2Sa 24:13 = 1Ch 21:12; Amo 4:7; 1Ki 4:7; 1Ki 5:7; 1 Kings 5:28 (3 t. in verse); 1Ki 11:16; 2Ki 15:8; 2Ki 23:31; 2Ki 24:8; Eze 39:12, Eze 39:14; 1Ch 3:4; 1Ch 13:14; 2Ch 36:2, 2Ch 36:9; Est 2:12 (3 t. in verse). In 1Sa 10:27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ for כמחרישׁ ᵑ0, and join to 1Sa 11:1, so ᵐ5 We Dr (compare Gen 38:24); in combinations, ׳ח יָמִים a month (of) time (compare ימים יֶרַח Deu 21:1; 2Ki 15:13) Gen 29:14 (J), Num 11:20, Num 11:26 (JE), ח ארבעה ׳ימים Jdg 19:2; of age ׳מִסְמַּרחֿ number of his months =length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21; compare especially ׳בֶּןחֿ Lev 27:6; Num 3:15, Num 3:22, Num 3:28, Num 3:34, Num 3:39, Num 3:40, Num 3:43; Num 18:16; Num 26:22 (all P).
b. calendar months, (1) with names ׳ח הָאָבִיב Exo 13:4; Exo 23:15; Exo 34:18 (twice in verse) (all J E; = 1st month Exo 12:2 P), Deu 16:11; ׳ח זִו 1Ki 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = זִו יֶרַח 1Ki 6:37); compare 1Ki 8:2 (׳הַח הַשְּׁבִיעִי = הָאֵתָנִים יֶרַךְ), 1Ki 6:38 (׳הַח הַשְּׁמִינִי = בּוּל יֶרַח); in the post-exilic books occur Babylonian names (see the several words): — ׳ח נִיסָן Neh 2:1; Est 3:7 ( = 1st mo. Est 3:7); ׳ח סִיוָן Est 8:9 = 3rd mo.; ׳ח כִּסְלֵו Zec 7:1; Neh 1:1 ( = 9th mo. Zec 7:1); ׳ח טֵבֵ֑ת Est 2:16 = 10th mo.; ׳ח שְׁבָט Zec 1:7 = 11th mo.; ׳ח אֲדָר Est 3:7, Est 3:13; Est 8:12; Est 9:1 in all = 12th mo., Est 9:15, Est 9:17, Est 9:19, Est 9:21; (compare also אֱלוּל Neh 6:15, without ׳ח or יֶרַךְ; this was 6th mo.; see further SchrCOT Neh 1:1 Benzl.c.). (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. ׳בַּח הַשֵּׁנִי Gen 7:11, compare Gen 8:4-5, Gen 8:14; Lev 16:29; Num 1:1, Num 1:18 (all P) + often P; Deu 1:3 (P), 1Ki 12:32; 1Ki 12:33; 1Ki 25:1; 1Ki 25:3; 1Ki 25:8; 1Ki 25:25; 1Ki 25:27; Jer 1:3 Jer 1:11t. Jeremiah; Eze 24:1; Eze 32:1; Hag 1:1, Hag 1:15; Zec 1:1; Zec 7:1, Zec 7:13; 1Ch 12:15, compare entire list 1Ch 27:2-15; 2Ch 3:2 2Ch 3:12t. 2 Chronicles; Ezr 3:1 Ezr 3:10t. Ezra; Neh 7:72; Neh 8:2, Neh 8:14; Est 3:12; note especially ׳הַח לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֺן חָדָשִׁ֑ים ראֹשׁ לָכֶם הַזֶּה Exo 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ׳ח, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן = ׳בַּח ׳הָר Gen 8:13, compare Gen 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.: — Eze 1:1; Eze 8:1; Eze 20:1; Eze 29:1, Eze 29:17; Eze 30:20; Eze 31:1; Eze 33:21; Eze 45:18, Eze 45:21, Eze 45:25 + Eze 26:1; Eze 32:17; Eze 45:20 Co; (׳ח sometimes expressed, see Eze 24:1; Eze 32:1 above; on like usage with יום see יום). (3) special phrases and usages are: — שָׁנָה לְחָדְשֵׁי בְּחָדְשׁוֺ חֹדֶשׁ עֹלַת Num 28:14 (P; compare יום, and Isa 66:23 above
1); לְחֹדֶשׁ וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְיוֺם מִיּוֺם Est 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Jer 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.