דִּין
dîyn · H1777 · Hebrew · 24 occurrences
Meanings
-
to judge
Action by which an authority such as a judge, ruler, or God gives and enforces a verdict in a dispute, ideally relieving the innocent and punishing the guilty
ExamplesGenesis 15:14 “But I will also judge the nation whom they will serve, and afterward they will come out with many possessions.
Genesis 30:6 Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me, and has indeed heard my voice and has given me a son.” Therefore she named him Dan.
Genesis 49:16 “Dan shall judge his people, As one of the tribes of Israel.
-
to dispute or argue
Action by which humans engage in an argument with other humans or deities regarding a perceived injustice
Examples2 Samuel 19:9 And all the people were quarreling throughout the tribes of Israel, saying, “The king rescued us from the hands of our enemies and saved us from the hands of the Philistines, but now he has fled out of the land from Absalom.
Ecclesiastes 6:10 Whatever exists has already been named, and it is known what man is; for he cannot dispute with the one who is mightier than he is.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
24 occurrences in 12 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 6
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 4
- Not stated (infinitive) 3
- Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
20 occurrences in 10 groups
- עַםpeople 9
- דִּיןcause, judgment, rights 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
12 occurrences in 13 groups
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (14) 14
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 2
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 3
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- שָׁפַט shâphaṭ · H8199 · to judge, to pronounce judgement, to administer justice
- Both words denote judging and the administration of justice ("to judge, to pronounce judgement, to administer justice").
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Space002002001017
- In Genesis 6:3 דִּין describes God's Spirit remaining or abiding with humanity, tying the word to a sense of dwelling or continuing presence within a space of time.
- Judge002004002006
- דִּין denotes judging or rendering a legal verdict, as at Genesis 49:16 — "Dan shall judge his people" — and Psalm 72:2 — "May he judge Your people with righteousness."
- Relief002001002023
- The same word denotes pleading a cause on behalf of the afflicted, bringing relief to their situation, as at Jeremiah 22:16 — "He pled the cause of the afflicted and the poor, Then it was well" — and Jeremiah 5:28 — "They do not plead the cause, The cause of the orphan."
- Safe002003003019
- The word's sense of rendering a just verdict for the vulnerable also extends to establishing their safety or security, as at Jeremiah 21:12 — "Administer justice every morning; And save the person who has been robbed."
- Conflict002003002006
- The same word denotes legal contention or dispute, as at Isaiah 3:13 — "The LORD arises to contend, And stands to judge the people" — and Genesis 6:3, where God declares His Spirit "will not contend with man forever."
Word family 11 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1777. din [דון] verb dubious; only in יָדוֺן Gen 6:3, see דין. דִּין verb judge (compare…
[דון] verb dubious; only in יָדוֺן Gen 6:3, see דין.
דִּין verb judge (compare Arabic intransitive to be obedient, submissive, transitive requite, compensate, rule, govern, obedience, abasement, recompense, requiter, governor, city; Assyrian dânu, Imperfect idin, judge AsrbAnn. x. 120 DlHA 49; Aramaic דִּין, judge, exercise judgment, punish, דַּיָּינָא, , judge, דִּינָא, judgment, city; — on √ עי֞ see NöZMG 1883, 533), synonym שָׁפַט —
Qal Perfect דָּן Jer 22:16 etc.; Imperfect יָדִין Gen 49:16 Gen 49:9t., יָדוֺן Gen 6:3 compare below, etc.; Imperative דִּין Pro 31:9; Job 35:14; דִּינוּ Jer 21:12; Infinitive לָדִין Psa 50:4 Psa 50:2t.; Participle דָּן Gen 15:14; Jer 30:13; —
1 act as judge, minister judgment, of God עמוֺ ידין Deu 32:36 (poetry = Psa 135:14) Psa 50:4; עמים דין Psa 7:9; Psa 96:10; Isa 3:13; בְּמֵישָׁרִים לְאֻמִּים יָדִין Psa 9:9; Messianic king Psa 72:2.
2 plead the cause,
a. of men, usually with accusative of congnate meaning with verb, דִּינֵךְ אֵיןדָּֿן there is none to plead thy cause Jer 30:13; ׳ד יָתוֺם דִּין plead cause of orphan Jer 5:28; ׳ד ואביון עני דין Jer 22:16; also, accusative of congnate meaning with verb omitted, Pro 31:9.
b. of God, אֱלֹהִים דָּנַנִּי God has pled my cause Gen 30:6 (E).
3 execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, עַמּוֺ יָדִין דָּן Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (see Di) Gen 49:16 (poetry); the Messianic king בגוים Psa 110:6; God, תְדִינֵנִי בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ in thy might judge me (vindicate me) Psa 54:3.
4 execute judgment, requite, of man, מִשְׁמָּט לַבֹּקֶר דִּינוּ execute judgment every morning Jer 21:12; of God, upon Egypt Gen 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Job 36:31; ארץ אפסי 1Sa 2:10 (poetry)
5 govern, אֶתבֵּֿיתִי תָּדִין אַתָּה thou shalt govern my house Zec 3:7.
6 עִם לָדִין לֹאיֿוּכַל he cannot contend with one mightier than he Ecc 6:10.
Niph`al Participle יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָלשִֿׁבְטֵי נָדוֺן כָלהָֿעָם וַיְהִי and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel 2Sa 19:10 (reciprocal, compare Dr.)
Note. — לְעֹלָם בָֽאָדָם רוּחִי לֹאיָֿדוֺן Gen 6:3 compare perhaps continue, do something continually, in modern Egyptian Arabic (SoSK lxvii {1894}, 211 f.). (1) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵐ5 Onk read ידיר or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell, — My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dubious (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zec 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic usage, but not by Hebrew (4) strive with of AV RV (compare
6 above) is hardly justified.
[דִּין] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Participle plural דָּאֲנִין Ezr 7:25 Kt (Qr דָּֽנִין), followed by ל person
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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