αὐστηρός
austērós · G840 · Greek · 2 occurrences
Meanings
-
exacting, severe
Pertaining to being exacting, with a possible implication of being severe in either a favorable or unfavorable sense
ExamplesLuke 19:21 for I was afraid of you, because you are a demanding man; you take up what you did not lay down, and reap what you did not sow.’
Luke 19:22 “He said to him, ‘From your own lips I will judge you, you worthless slave. Did you know that I am a demanding man, taking up what I did not lay down, and reaping what I did not sow?
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- σκληρός sklērós · G4642 · harsh, strong, violent
- A well-attested synonym for severity and harshness in Greek, describing a hard or stern character. Both αὐστηρός and σκληρός describe severity, but σκληρός emphasizes hardness and inflexibility while αὐστηρός emphasizes the roughness or harshness of manner (like a harsh wind).
Contrasting words 2 words
- πραΰς praÿs · G4239 · mild, gentle, meek
- The standard Greek antonym for harshness and severity. Whereas αὐστηρός describes a harsh, severe, or rough character, πραΰς describes gentleness and mildness of character. These are true lexical opposites on the severity-gentleness spectrum.
- ἐπιεικής epieikḗs · G1933 · gentle, gracious, forbearing
- Denotes gentleness, reasonableness, and forbearance—the opposite of the harsh severity conveyed by αὐστηρός. A person who is ἐπιεικής is lenient and kind, whereas one who is αὐστηρός is harsh and exacting.
In the other Testament 2 words
- קָשֶׁה qâsheh · H7186 · hard, harsh, savage
- The primary Hebrew term for severity, harshness, and difficulty; used to describe harsh treatment, severe conditions, and difficult circumstances. This is the natural translation equivalent for αὐστηρός in contexts describing a harsh or severe person or condition.
- עַז ʻaz · H5794 · strong, fierce, powerful
- Hebrew adjective denoting fierceness or harshness, particularly in describing harsh or severe behavior and character. Often used for fierce anger or harsh treatment, overlapping with the figurative severity of αὐστηρός.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Exacting, severe88.138
- Used of a harsh, demanding disposition, as of the master described as a exacting man who reaps what he did not sow in Luke 19:21-22.
Word family 15 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon ἀυστηρα, ἀυστηρον (from αὔω to dry up), harsh (Latinausterus), stringent of taste,…
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.