παρακαλέω

παρακαλῶ; imperfect 3 person singular παρεκάλει, 1 and 3 person plural παρεκάλουν; 1 aorist παρεκάλεσα; passive, present παρακαλοῦμαι; perfect παρακέκλημαι; 1 aorist παρεκλήθην; 1 future παρακληθήσομαι; from Aeschylus and Herodotus down;
I. as in Greek writings to call to one's side, call for, summon: τινα, with an infinitive indicating the purpose, Acts 28:20 (others (less naturally) refer this to II. 2, making the accusative the subjunctive of the infinitive).
II. to address, speak to (call to, call on), which may be done in the way of exhortation, entreaty, comfort, instruction, etc.; hence, result a variety of senses, on which see Knapp, Scripto varii arg. edition 2, p. 117ff; cf. Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, i., p. 32f.
1. as in Greek authors, to admonish, exhort: absolutely, Lk 3:18; (Acts 20:1 (R G omit)); Rom 12:8; 2 Tim 4:2; Heb 10:25; 1 Pet 5:12; followed by direct discourse, 2 Cor 5:20; followed by λέγων with direct discourse, Acts 2:40; followed by an infinitive where in Latinut, 1 Tim 2:1; τινα, Acts 15:32; Acts 16:40; 2 Cor 10:1; 1 Thess 2:12 (); ; 1 Tim 5:1; Heb 3:13; τινα λόγῳ πολλῷ, Acts 20:2; ἰντα followed by direct discourse, 1 Cor 4:16; 1 Thess 5:14; Heb 13:22 (here L WH marginal reading infinitive); 1 Pet 5:1f; τινα followed by an infinitive where in Latinut (cf. Buttmann, §§ 140, 1; 141, 2; Winer's Grammar, 332 (311); 335 (315) n.): infinitive present, Acts 11:23; Acts 14:22; Phm 4:2; 1 Thess 4:10; Tit 2:6; 1 Pet 2:11 (here Lachmann adds ὑμᾶς to the infinitive, and WH meg. with manuscripts A C L etc. read ἀπέχεσθε); Jude 1:3; infinitive aorist, Acts 27:33; Rom 12:1; Rom 15:30; 2 Cor 2:8; 2 Cor 6:1; Eph 4:1; 1 Tim 1:3; Heb 13:19; τινα followed by ἵνα with subjunctive (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 42; Winer's Grammar, 335 as above), 1 Cor 1:10; 1 Cor 16:15; 2 Cor 8:6; 1 Thess 4:1; 2 Thess 3:12; to enjoin a thing by exhortation (cf. Buttmann, § 141, 2), 1 Tim 6:2; Tit 2:15.
2. to beg, entreat, beseech (Josephus, Antiquities 6, 7, 4; (11, 8, 5); often in Epictetus cf. Schweighäuser, Index graecit. Epictetus, p. 411; Plutarch, apophth. regum, Mor. ii, p. 30, Tauchn. edition (vi. 695 edition Reiske; examples from Polybius, Diodorus, Philo, others, in Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word); not thus in the earlier Greek authors except where the gods are called on for aid, in the expressions, παρακαλεῖν Θεούς, so Θεόν in Josephus, Antiquities 6, 2, 2 and 7, 4; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 22)): (absolutely, Phm 1:9 (yet see the commentaries at the passage)); τινα, Mt 8:5; Mt 18:32; Mt 26:53; Mk 1:40; Acts 16:9; 2 Cor 12:18; πολλά, much, Mk 5:23: τινα περί τίνος, Phm 1:10; followed by direct discourse, Acts 9:38 L T Tr WH with λέγων added and direct discourse, Mt 18:29; Mk 5:12; (Lk 7:4 (Tdf. ἠρώτων)); without the accusative. Acts 16:15; τινα followed by an infinitive (Winers Grammar, and Buttmann's Grammar, as above), Mk 5:17; Lk 8:41; Acts 8:31; Acts 19:31; Acts 28:14 (1 Macc. 9:35); τινα followed by ὅπως, Mt 8:34 (here Lachmann ἵνα (see above)); Acts 25:2 (4 Macc. 4:11; Plutarch, Demetr c. 38); τινα followed by ἵνα (Winers Grammar, § 44, 8 a.; Buttmann, § 139, 42), Mt 14:36; Mk 5:18; Mk 6:56; Mk 7:32; Mk 8:22; Lk 8:31f; (2 Cor 9:5); τινα ὑπέρ τίνος, ἵνα, 2 Cor 12:8; πολλά (much) τινα, ἵνα, Mk 5:10; 1 Cor 16:12; followed by τοῦ μή with an infinitive (Buttmann, § 140, 16 δ.; Winer's Grammar, 325 (305)), Acts 21:12; by an infinitive Acts 9:38 R G; by an accusative with an infinitive, Acts 13:42; Acts 24:4; (Rom 16:17). to strive to appease by entreaty: absolutely, 1 Cor 4:13; τινα, Lk 15:28; Acts 16:39 (2 Macc. 13:23).
3. to console, to encourage and strengthen by consolation, to comfort, (the Sept. for נִחַם; very rarely so in Greek authors, as Plutarch, Oth. 16): absolutely, 2 Cor 2:7; τινα, 2 Cor 1:6; 2 Cor 7:6f; ἐν with a dative of the thing with which one comforts another, 1 Thess 4:18; τινα διά παρακλήσεως, 2 Cor 1:4; with an accusative of the contents, διά τῆς παρακληθῆναι ἧς (for ἥν, see ὅς, ἡ, ὁ, II. 2 c. α.) παρακαλούμεθα, ibid.; in the passive, to receive consolation, be comforted, Mt 2:18; 2 Cor 13:11; ἐπί τίνι over (in) a thing (see ἐπί, B. 2 a. δ.), 2 Cor 1:4; of the consolation (comfort) given not in words but by the experience of a happier lot or by a happy issue, equivalent to to refresh, cheer: passive, Mt 5:4 (5); Lk 16:25; Acts 20:12; 2 Cor 7:13 (where a full stop must be put after παρακεκλήμεθα; ἐν τίνι, by the help of a thing, 2 Cor 7:6f; ἐπί τίνι, 1 Thess 3:7; with (ἐν) παρακλήσει added, 2 Cor 7:7.
4. to encourage, strengthen (i. e. in the language of A. V. comfort (see Wright, Bible Word-Book, 2nd edition, under the word)) (in faith, piety, hope): τάς καρδίας, your hearts, Eph 6:22; Col 2:2; Col 4:8; 2 Thess 2:17, (also χεῖρας ἀσθενεῖς, Job 4:3 for חִזַק; γόνατα παραλελυμένα, Isa 35:3f (see the Hebrew) for אִמֵּץ).
5. it combines the ideas of exhorting and comforting and encouraging in Rom 12:8; 1 Cor 14:31; 1 Thess 3:2.
6. to instruct, teach: ἐν τῇ διδασκαλία, Tit 1:9. (Compare: συμπαρακαλέω.)