ξύλον
xýlon · G3586 · Greek · 20 occurrences
A word for 3 things
Meanings
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wood
Wood as a substance
Examples1 Corinthians 3:12 Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw,
Revelation 18:12 cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; every kind of citron wood, every article of ivory, and every article made from very valuable wood, bronze, iron, and marble;
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firewood
Wood as a substance used to burn for heat
ExamplesLuke 23:31 “For if they do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
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tree
Large perennial plant, usually having a woody central stem, called a trunk, with secondary branches growing from it
ExamplesLuke 23:31 “For if they do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
Galatians 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us—for it is written: “CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE”—
Revelation 2:7 ‘The one who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who overcomes, I will grant to eat from the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of God.’
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club
A heavy stick used in fighting
ExamplesMatthew 26:47 And while He was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came accompanied by a large crowd with swords and clubs, who came from the chief priests and elders of the people.
Matthew 26:55 At that time Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest Me as you would against a man inciting a revolt? Every day I used to sit within the temple grounds teaching, and you did not arrest Me.
Mark 14:43 And immediately, while He was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came up, accompanied by a crowd with swords and clubs who were from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
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stocks
An instrument consisting of heavy blocks of wood through which the legs were placed and then securely fastened
ExamplesActs 16:24 and he, having received such a command, threw them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.
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cross
(A figurative extension of meaning of ξύλον ‘wood,’) An instrument of execution
ExamplesActs 5:30 “The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you put to death by hanging Him on a cross.
Acts 10:39 “We are witnesses of all the things that He did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They also put Him to death by hanging Him on a cross.
Acts 13:29 “When they had carried out everything that was written concerning Him, they took Him down from the cross and laid Him in a tomb.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
4 occurrences in 1 groups
- ζωήlife 4
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
4 occurrences in 5 groups
- θύϊνοςof citron wood 1
- ποιέωto do, to make 1
- τίμιοςvaluable 1
- ὑγρόςwet 1
- ἀποδίδωμιto give back, to pay, to repay 1
Named alongside itApposition
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- γόμοςload 1
- γράφωto write 1
- εἰμίto be 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- μέσοςin the midst, among 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- ἐξουσίαauthority, power, right 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
16 occurrences in 6 groups
- ἐπίon 9
- μετάwith, after 8
- ἐκfrom 3
- ἀπόfrom 3
- εἰςto 2
- ἐνin 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- φύλλονleaf 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- עֵץ ʻêts · H6086 · tree, (piece of) wood, lumber
- Greek ξύλον and Hebrew עֵץ are direct translation equivalents denoting wood or timber as material substance, trees as living plants, and wooden objects or implements, reflecting standard Septuagint rendering practice across all these senses of the Hebrew term.
- אָע ʼâʻ · H636 · timber, wood
- ξύλον (xýlon, G3586) serves as the standard Greek translation equivalent for אָע (ʼâʻ, H636), both denoting timber or wood as material substance, with the Greek term carrying the additional semantic range of wooden implements and living trees that the rarer Aramaic term does not explicitly specify in its attested biblical usage.
Semantic domains 6 entries
- Tree3.4
- Warning the women of Jerusalem, Luke 23:31 records Jesus saying, “For if they do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?” where “the tree” renders this noun in its ordinary sense of a living tree.
- Wood3.60
- Cataloguing the merchandise of Babylon's commerce, Revelation 18:12 lists “every kind of citron wood, every article of ivory, and every article made from very valuable wood,” where “wood” renders this same noun, here of timber generally as a material of value, not as fuel.
- Firewood3.61
- Describing what may be built on Christ, 1 Corinthians 3:12 states “if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw,” where “wood” renders this same noun, here grouped with hay and straw as combustible material the following verses describe being tested and consumed by fire.
- Stocks6.21
- Describing the jailing of Paul and Silas, Acts 16:24 states the jailer “threw them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks,” where “the stocks” renders this same noun, here of the wooden restraining device.
- Cross6.28
- Describing the crucifixion, Acts 5:30 states “The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you put to death by hanging Him on a cross,” where “a cross” renders this same noun, here of the wooden instrument of execution.
- Club6.31
- Describing the arrest of Jesus, Matthew 26:47 states Judas came “accompanied by a large crowd with swords and clubs,” where “clubs” renders this same noun, here of wooden weapons carried by the arresting crowd.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon ξύλου, τό (from ξύω to scrape, plane), from Homer down; the Sept. for עֵץ; 1. wood:…
1. wood: universally, 1 Cor 3:12; ξύλον θύϊνον, Rev 18:12; that which is made of wood, as a beam from which anyone is suspended, a gibbet, a cross (A. V. tree, which see in B. D. American edition), Acts 5:30; Acts 10:39; Acts 13:29; Gal 3:13; 1 Pet 2:24 (עֵץ, Gen 40:19; Deut 21:23; Josh 10:26; Est 5:14) — a use not found in the classics (cf. Liddell and Scott, under II. 4). A log or timber with holes in which the feet, bands, neck, of prisoners were inserted and fastened with thongs (Gr. καλόν, ξυλοπεδη, ποδοκάκη, ποδοστράβη, Latinnervus, by which the Latin renders the Hebrew סַד, a fetter, or shackle for the feet, Job (Job 13:27); ; cf. Fischer, De vitiis lexamples N. T., p. 458ff; (B. D., under the word )): Acts 16:24 (Herodotus 6, 75; 9, 37; Aristophanes eq. 367, 394, 705); a cudgel, stick, staff: plural, Mt 26:47, Mt 26:55; Mk 14:43, Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52 (Herodotus 2, 63; 4, 180; Demosthenes, p. 645, 15; Polybius 6, 37, 3; Josephus, b. j. 2, 9, 4; Herodian, 7, 7, 4).
2. a tree: Lk 23:31 (Gen 1:29; Gen 2:9; Gen 3:1; Isa 14:8, etc.); ξυλος τῆς ζωῆς, see ζωή, 2 b., p. 274{a}.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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