ξηρός

יַבָּשָׁה yabbâshâh · H3004 · dry ground

Hebrew יַבָּשָׁה (yabbāšâ) denotes dry ground/land as a substantive noun, while Greek ξηρός (xēros) functions as an adjective meaning 'dry/arid' that can be substantivized; both share the core semantic domain of dryness and frequently render each other in LXX contexts describing dry land emerging from water or arid conditions.

חָרָבָה chârâbâh · H2724 · dry land

Hebrew חָרָבָה (chârâbâh, H2724) and Greek ξηρός (xērós, G3584) both denote 'dry' in the sense of arid ground or land, forming a direct translational correspondence in LXX passages describing dry land appearing from water or desert terrain.

Land1.60

Recounting the exodus, Hebrews 11:29 states “By faith they passed through the Red Sea as through dry land; and the Egyptians, when they attempted it, were drowned,” where “dry land” renders this adjective in its sense of the ground as opposed to the sea.

To go into, to step into15.225

Describing the Pharisees' extensive travels, Matthew 23:15 states “you travel around on sea and land to make one proselyte,” where the crossing between sea and land this verse describes illustrates the sense of stepping from one to the other.

To be in motion, to move, movement16.1

Warning the women of Jerusalem, Luke 23:31 records Jesus saying, “For if they do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?” where “dry” describes wood in a state that, unlike green wood, moves and bends only by breaking rather than flexing.

Movement, motion16.4

Describing the healing of the man with the withered hand, Mark 3:3 states “He said to the man with the withered hand, ‘Get up and come forward!’” where “withered” renders this same adjective, its own lack of movement contrasted with the movement the man is then commanded to make.

Diseased, disease, sickness23.155

Describing the man at the pool of Bethesda, Matthew 12:10 states “a man was there whose hand was withered. And they questioned Jesus, asking, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?’” where “withered” renders this adjective describing the hand's diseased, disabled condition.

Withered, paralyzed23.173

The same healing account in Luke 6:6 states “a man was there whose right hand was withered,” where “withered” renders this adjective in its core sense of a limb shriveled and rendered unusable.

What sort of, what kind of58.30

Describing the man restored at the synagogue, Luke 6:8 states Jesus “said to the man with the withered hand, ‘Get up and come forward!’ And he got up and came forward,” where this adjective describes the specific kind or condition of hand in view, distinct from an ordinary healthy one.

Dry, withered79.80

Warning the women of Jerusalem a second time, Luke 23:31's “what will happen when it is dry” also illustrates this core sense directly, of wood that has lost its natural moisture.

Into84.22

Hebrews 11:29's account of Israel passing “through the Red Sea as through dry land” illustrates this domain as well, the phrase marking the direction of the crossing into and through the dry seabed.

To await, to wait for85.60

Describing the pool of Bethesda, John 5:3 states “In these porticoes lay a multitude of those who were sick, blind, limping, or paralyzed,” where “paralyzed” renders this same adjective, naming those waiting there among the crowd expecting the water to stir.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.