ξηραίνω
xēraínō · G3583 · Greek · 15 occurrences
Meanings
-
to dry out, to dry up, to wither
To cause something to become dry
ExamplesMatthew 13:6 “But after the sun rose, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they withered away.
Matthew 21:19 And seeing a lone fig tree by the road, He came to it and found nothing on it except leaves alone; and He said to it, “No longer shall there ever be any fruit from you.” And at once the fig tree withered.
Matthew 21:20 Seeing this, the disciples were amazed and asked, “How did the fig tree wither all at once?”
-
to dry up
(Derivative of ξηρός ‘dry,’) To become dry
ExamplesMark 4:6 “And when the sun had risen, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away.
Mark 5:29 And immediately the flow of her blood was dried up; and she felt in her body that she was healed of her disease.
Mark 11:20 As they were passing by in the morning, they saw the fig tree withered from the roots up.
-
to become ripe, to be ripe
(Derivative of ξηρός ‘dry,’) To become ripe, with reference to grain which dries in the process of ripening
ExamplesRevelation 14:15 And another angel came out of the temple, calling out with a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud, “Put in Your sickle and reap, for the hour to reap has come, because the harvest of the earth is ripe.”
-
to be stiff, to be paralyzed
(A figurative extension of meaning of ξηραίνομαι ‘to dry up,’) To become stiff to the point of not being able to move
ExamplesMark 3:1 He entered a synagogue again; and a man was there whose hand was withered.
Mark 9:18 and whenever it seizes him, it slams him to the ground, and he foams at the mouth and grinds his teeth and becomes stiff. And I told Your disciples so that they would cast it out, but they could not do it.”
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
15 occurrences in 7 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 6
- συκῆfig tree 4
- θερισμόςharvest 1
- πηγήspring 1
- ὕδωρwater 1
- χόρτοςgrass 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- χείρhand 1
- χόρτοςgrass 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- διάthrough+ ἔχωto have 3
- ἐκfrom+ ῥίζαroot 1
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- παραχρῆμαimmediately, at once 2
- πῶςhow? by what means? 1
What is done to itIt is the object
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- λέγωto say 2
- εἴδωto know 1
- ἀναμιμνήσκωto remind 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- יָבֵשׁ yâbêsh · H3001 · to dry up, to (cause to) dry up
- Greek ξηραίνω and Hebrew יָבֵשׁ share the core sense 'to dry up/wither' with nearly identical semantic ranges covering both literal desiccation (plants, water sources) and figurative withering (shame, destruction); the Hebrew gloss's 'be ashamed' component reflects idiomatic extensions of the withering metaphor also present in Greek usage.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- To be stiff, to be paralyzed23.172
- Describing a boy possessed by a mute spirit, Mark 9:18 states “whenever it seizes him, it slams him to the ground, and he foams at the mouth and grinds his teeth and becomes stiff,” where “becomes stiff” renders this verb of the body locking into a rigid, immobilized state.
- To become ripe, to be ripe23.198
- In the vision of the final harvest, Revelation 14:15 states an angel calling out, “Put in Your sickle and reap, for the hour to reap has come, because the harvest of the earth is ripe,” where “is ripe” renders this verb in its sense of grain or fruit reaching maturity for gathering.
- To dry up79.81
- Describing the sixth bowl of judgment, Revelation 16:12 states the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, “and its water was dried up,” where “was dried up” renders this verb of a body of water losing its moisture entirely.
- To dry out, to dry up, to wither79.82
- In the parable of the sower, Mark 4:6 states of the seed sown on rocky ground, “when the sun had risen, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away,” where “withered away” renders this verb of a plant losing its moisture and dying for lack of root.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon : 1 aorist ἐξηρανα (Jas 1:11); passive, present ξηραίνομαι; perfect 3 person singular…
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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