μαρτυρέω

μαρτυρῶ; imperfect 3 person plural ἐμαρτύρουν; future μαρτυρήσω; 1 aorist ἐμαρτύρησα; perfect μεμαρτύρηκα; passive, present μαρτυροῦμαι; imperfect ἐμαρτυρουμην; perfect μεμαρτύρημαι; 1 aorist ἐμαρτυρήθην; from (Simonides, Pindar), Aeschylus, Herodotus down; to be a witness, to bear witness, testify, i. e. "to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that (so in the N. T.) he knows it because taught by divine revelation or inspiration" (sometimes in the N. T. the apostles are said μαρτυρεῖν, as those wire had been eye-witnesses and ear-witnesses of the extraordinary sayings, deeds and sufferings of Jesus, which proved his Messiahship; so too Paul, as one to whom the risen Christ had visibly appeared; cf. Jn 15:27; Jn 19:35; Jn 21:24; Acts 23:11; 1 Cor 15:15; 1 Jn 1:2, cf. Acts 1:22; Acts 2:32; Acts 3:15; Acts 4:33; Acts 5:32; Acts 10:39, Acts 10:41; Acts 13:31; Acts 26:16; (cf. Westcott (Speaker's) commentary on John, Introduction, p. 45f));
a. in general; absolutely, to give (not to keep back) testimony: Jn 15:27; Acts 26:5; followed by ὅτι recitative and the orat. direct., Jn 4:39; also preceded by λέγων, Jn 1:32; μαρτυρεῖν εἰς with an accusative of the place into (unto) which the testimony (concerning Christ) is borne, Acts 23:11 (see εἰς, A. I. 5 b.); μαρτυρῶ, inserted parenthetically (Winer's Grammar, § 62, 2), 2 Cor 8:3; equivalent to to prove or confirm by testimony, 1 Jn 5:6f; used of Jesus, predicting what actually befell him, Jn 13:21; of God, who himself testifies in the Scriptures that a thing is so (viz. as the author declares), followed by the recitative ὅτι, Heb 7:17 R. μαρτυρεῖται followed by περί with the genitive of a person, to bear witness concerning one: Jn 1:7f; περί τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, concerning man, i. e. to tell what one has himself learned about the nature, character, conduct, of men, Jn 2:25 (see ἄνθρωπος, 1 a.); περί τίνος, followed by direct discourse, Jn 1:15; the Scriptures are said to testify περί Ἰησοῦ, i. e. to declare things which make it evident that he was truly sent by God, Jn 5:39; God is said to do the same — through the Scriptures, Jn 5:37, cf. Jn 8:18; through the expiation wrought by the baptism and death of Christ, and the Holy Spirit giving souls assurance of this expiation, 1 Jn 5:6-9; so John the Baptist, as being a 'prophet', Jn 5:32; so the works which he himself did, Jn 5:36 (there followed by ὅτι); Jn 10:25; so the Holy Spirit, Jn 15:26; the apostles, Jn 15:27; so Christ himself περί ἑαυτοῦ, Jn 5:31; Jn 8:13f, 18. περί with the genitive of the thing, Jn 21:24; περί τοῦ κακοῦ, to bring forward evidence to prove τό κακόν, Jn 18:23. with the accusative of a cognate noun, μαρτυρίαν μαρτυρεῖν περί with a genitive of the person, Jn 5:32; 1 Jn 5:9 Rec.; 1 Jn 5:10 (τήν αὐτήν μαρτυρίαν, μαρτυρεῖν, Plato, Eryx., p. 399 b.; τήν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ ἥν τῇ ἀρετή μαρτυρεῖ, Epictetus diss. 4, 8, 32 (cf. Winers Grammar, 225 (211); Buttmann, 148 (129))); with an accusative of the thing, to testify a thing, bear witness to (of) anything: Jn 3:11, Jn 3:32; supply αὐτό in Jn 19:35; τίνι τί, 1 Jn 1:2; ὅς ἐμαρτύρησε... Χριστοῦ, who has borne witness of (viz., in this book, i. e. the Apocalypse) what God has spoken and Jesus Christ testified (namely, concerning future events; see λόγος, I. 2 b. ἐ.), Rev 1:2; ὁ μαρτύρων ταῦτα he that testifieth these things i. e. has caused them to be testified by the prophet, his messenger, Rev 22:20; μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπί (L Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading ἐν) ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις, to cause these things to be testified to you in the churches or for, on account of, the churches, Rev 22:16 — unless ἐπί be dropped from the text and the passage translated, to you, viz. the (seven) churches (of Asia Minor), the prophet reverting again to Rev 1:4; cf. DeWette, Bleek, Düsterdieck, ad loc.; (others, retaining ἐπί, render it over, concerning, cf. Rev 10:11; Winers Grammar, 393 (368)
c.; see ἐπί, B. 2 f. β. at the end). of testimony borne not in word but by deed, in the phrase used of Christ μαρτυρεῖν τήν καλήν ὁμολογίαν, to witness the good confession, to attest the truth of the (Christian) profession by his sufferings and death, 1 Tim 6:13, where cf. Hofmann. Passive: Rom 3:21 (a righteousness such as the Scriptures testify that God ascribes to believers, cf. Rom 4:3). μεμαρτύρηκα followed by ὅτι that, Jn 1:34 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 273 (256)); (Jn 4:44); (here Rst Tr text WH ὅτε); 1 Jn 4:14; περί with the genitive of a person followed by ὅτι, Jn 5:36; Jn 7:7; κατά τίνος, against (so Winers Grammar, 382 (357), Meyer, others; yet see κατά, I. 2 b.) one, followed by ὅτι, 1 Cor 15:15. with a dative of the thing i. e. for the benefit of, in the interests of, a thing (cf. Buttmann, § 133, 11): τῇ ἀλήθεια, Jn 5:33; Jn 18:37; σου τῇ ἀλήθεια (see ἀλήθεια, II.), to bear witness unto thy truth, how great it is, 3 Jn 1:3, 3 Jn 1:6; used of the testimony which is given in deeds to promote some object: τῷ λόγῳ, Acts 14:3 (T prefixes ἐπί); with a dative (of a thing) incommodi: μαρτυρεῖτε (T Tr WH μάρτυρες ἐστε) τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν πατέρων, by what ye are doing ye add to the deeds of your fathers a testimony which proves that those things were done by them, Lk 11:48. with a dative of the person: to declare to one by testimony (by suggestion, instruction), Heb 10:15; followed by direct discourse, Rev 22:18 G L T Tr WH; to testify to one what he wishes one to testify concerning him: Acts 22:5; followed by ὅτι, Mt 23:31; Jn 3:28; Rom 10:2; Gal 4:15; Col 4:13; followed by an accusative with an infinitive Acts 10:43; to give testimony in one's favor, to commend (Winers Grammar, § 31, 4 b.; Buttmann, as above): Jn 3:26; Acts 13:22; Acts 15:8; passive μαρτυροῦμαι witness is borne to me, it is witnessed of me (Winers Grammar, § 39, 1; Buttmann, § 134, 4): followed by ὅτι, Heb 7:8; followed by ὅτι recitative and direct discourse, Heb 7:17 L T Tr WH; followed by an infinitive belonging to the subject, Heb 11:4f.
b. emphatically; to utter honorable testimony, give a good report: with a dative of the person, Lk 4:22; ἐπί τίνι, on account of, for a thing, Heb 11:4 (here L Tr read μαρτυροῦντος ἐπί κτλ. τῷ Θεῷ (but see the commentaries)); μεμαρτύρηται τίνι ὑπό τίνος, 3 Jn 1:12; passive μαρτυροῦμαι "to be borne (good) witness to, to be well reported of, to hate (good) testimony borne to one, accredited, attested, of good report, approved": Acts 6:3 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 17, 1f [ET]; 18, 1 [ET]; 19, 1 [ET]; 47, 4 [ET]); followed by ἐν with a dative of the thing in which the commmended excellence appears, 1 Tim 5:10; Heb 11:2 (ἐπί τίνι, for a thing, Athen. 1, p. 25 f.; (yet cf. Winer's Grammar, 387 (362) note)); διά τίνος, to have (honorable) testimony borne to one through (by) a thing, Heb 11:39; ὑπό with the genitive of the person giving honorable testimony, Acts 10:22; Acts 16:2; Acts 22:12 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 38, 2 [ET]; 44, 3 [ET]; Ignatius ad Philad. c. 5, 2 [ET] cf. 11, 1 [ET] and ad Eph. 12, 2 [ET]; Antoninus 7, 62); with the dative of the person testifying (equivalent to ὑπό τίνος), Acts 26:22 R G.
c. middle, according to a false reading, to conjure, implore: 1 Thess 2:12 (11), where T Tr WH have rightly restored μαρτυρόμενοι. (Compare: ἐπιμαρτυρέω, συνεπιμαρτυρέω, καταμαρτυρέω, συμμαρτυρέω.)