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ἐπί
epí · G1909 · 헬라어 · 890회 나옴
뜻
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~에, ~위에
물체의 표면 위에 있으면서 그 물체에 닿아 있는 위치로, 표면이 수직이든 수평이든 관계없음
용례마태복음 3:16 예수께서 세례를 받으시고 곧 물에서 올라오실새 하늘이 열리고 하나님의 성령이 비둘기 같이 내려 자기 위에 임하심을 보시더니
마태복음 10:34 내가 세상에 화평을 주러 온 줄로 생각지 말라 화평이 아니요 검을 주러 왔노라
마태복음 13:2 큰 무리가 그에게로 모여 들거늘 예수께서 배에 올라가 앉으시고 온 무리는 해변에 섰더니
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~에, 곁에
어떤 대상이나 다른 위치에 가까이 또는 바로 곁에 있는 위치
용례마태복음 21:19 길 가에서 한 무화과나무를 보시고 그리로 가사 잎사귀 밖에 아무 것도 얻지 못하시고 나무에게 이르시되 이제부터 영원토록 네게 열매가 맺지 못하리라 하시니 무화과나무가 곧 마른지라
마가복음 1:45 그러나 그 사람이 나가서 이 일을 많이 전파하여 널리 퍼지게 하니 그러므로 예수께서 다시는 드러나게 동네에 들어가지 못하시고 오직 바깥 한적한 곳에 계셨으나 사방에서 그에게로 나아오더라
마가복음 2:14 또 지나가시다가 알패오의 아들 레위가 세관에 앉아 있는 것을 보시고 저에게 이르시되 나를 좇으라 하시니 일어나 좇으니라
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가운데, ~와 함께
다른 대상들에 의해 정해지고 그 대상들 사이에 퍼져 있는 영역 안의 위치
용례사도행전 1:21 이러하므로 요한의 세례로부터 우리 가운데서 올리워 가신 날까지 주 예수께서 우리 가운데 출입하실 때에
사도행전 21:32 저가 급히 군사들과 백부장들을 거느리고 달려 내려가니 저희가 천부장과 군사들을 보고 바울 치기를 그치는지라
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~앞에
~앞의 위치로, 권위 관계를 함축함
용례마태복음 10:18 또 너희가 나를 인하여 총독들과 임금들 앞에 끌려 가리니 이는 저희와 이방인들에게 증거가 되게 하려 하심이라
마가복음 13:9 너희는 스스로 조심하라 사람들이 너희를 공회에 넘겨주겠고 너희를 회당에서 매질하겠으며 나를 인하여 너희가 관장들과 임금들 앞에 서리니 이는 저희에게 증거되려함이라
누가복음 12:58 네가 너를 고소할 자와 함께 법관에게 갈 때에 길에서 화해하기를 힘쓰라 저가 너를 재판장에게 끌어 가고 재판장이 너를 관속에게 넘겨 주어 관속이 옥에 가둘까 염려하라
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~에게, ~을 향하여, ~쪽으로
목표를 향한 확장으로, 대개 목표에 도달함을 함축함
용례마태복음 12:49 손을 내밀어 제자들을 가리켜 가라사대 나의 모친과 나의 동생들을 보라
마태복음 14:34 저희가 건너가 게네사렛 땅에 이르니
마태복음 21:19 길 가에서 한 무화과나무를 보시고 그리로 가사 잎사귀 밖에 아무 것도 얻지 못하시고 나무에게 이르시되 이제부터 영원토록 네게 열매가 맺지 못하리라 하시니 무화과나무가 곧 마른지라
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~위에, ~위로
목표까지의 확장으로, 수평면 위에 닿음을 함축함
용례마태복음 10:29 참새 두 마리가 한 앗사리온에 팔리는 것이 아니냐 그러나 너희 아버지께서 허락지 아니하시면 그 하나라도 땅에 떨어지지 아니하리라
마태복음 11:29 나는 마음이 온유하고 겸손하니 나의 멍에를 메고 내게 배우라 그러면 너희 마음이 쉼을 얻으리니
마태복음 12:18 보라 나의 택한 종 곧 내 마음에 기뻐하는 바 나의 사랑하는 자로다 내가 내 성령을 줄 터이니 그가 심판을 이방에 알게 하리라
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~에게, ~위에
(대격과 함께) 책임이 지워지는 대상을 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 23:35 그러므로 의인 아벨의 피로부터 성전과 제단 사이에서 너희가 죽인 바라갸의 아들 사가랴의 피까지 땅 위에서 흘린 의로운 피가 다 너희에게 돌아가리라
마태복음 27:25 백성이 다 대답하여 가로되 그 피를 우리와 우리 자손에게 돌릴지어다 하거늘
사도행전 5:28 가로되 우리가 이 이름으로 사람을 가르치지 말라고 엄금하였으되 너희가 너희 교를 예루살렘에 가득하게 하니 이 사람의 피를 우리에게로 돌리고자 함이로다
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~에게, ~에, ~위에
경험자를 나타내는 표지로, 흔히 더 큰 힘이나 행위자에 의한 행위를 함축함
용례마태복음 10:13 그 집이 이에 합당하면 너희 빈 평안이 거기 임할 것이요 만일 합당치 아니하면 그 평안이 너희에게 돌아올 것이니라
마태복음 12:28 그러나 내가 하나님의 성령을 힘입어 귀신을 쫓아 내는 것이면 하나님의 나라가 이미 너희에게 임하였느니라
마태복음 15:32 예수께서 제자들을 불러 가라사대 내가 무리를 불쌍히 여기노라 저희가 나와 함께 있은지 이미 사흘이매 먹을 것이 없도다 길에서 기진할까 하여 굶겨 보내지 못하겠노라
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~로, ~에 의하여
(여격과 함께) 어떤 일의 근거가 되는 도구를 나타내는 표지
용례누가복음 4:4 예수께서 대답하시되 기록하기를 사람이 떡으로만 살 것이 아니라 하였느니라
누가복음 11:22 더 강한 자가 와서 저를 이길 때에는 저의 믿던 무장을 빼앗고 저의 재물을 나누느니라
로마서 5:14 그러나 아담으로부터 모세까지 아담의 범죄와 같은 죄를 짓지 아니한 자들 위에도 사망이 왕 노릇 하였나니 아담은 오실 자의 표상이라
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~을 대적하여
(대격 또는 여격과 함께) 사법적 또는 준사법적 맥락에서 대립을 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 10:21 장차 형제가 형제를 아비가 자식을 죽는 데 내어주며 자식들이 부모를 대적하여 죽게 하리라
마태복음 12:26 사단이 만일 사단을 쫓아 내면 스스로 분쟁하는 것이니 그리하고야 저의 나라가 어떻게 서겠느냐
마태복음 24:7 민족이 민족을, 나라가 나라를 대적하여 일어나겠고 처처에 기근과 지진이 있으리니
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~을 위하여
(여격과 함께) 어떤 일로 혜택을 받는 사람을 나타내는 표지로, 그들이 의존 관계에 있음을 함축함
용례마태복음 14:14 예수께서 나오사 큰 무리를 보시고 불쌍히 여기사 그 중에 있는 병인을 고쳐 주시니라
누가복음 1:16 이스라엘 자손을 주 곧 저희 하나님께로 많이 돌아오게 하겠음이니라
누가복음 23:28 예수께서 돌이켜 그들을 향하여 가라사대 예루살렘의 딸들아 나를 위하여 울지 말고 너희와 너희 자녀를 위하여 울라
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~에 더하여, 그리고
이미 있는 것에 더해짐을 나타내는 표지로, 더 중요한 무엇을 함축할 수도 있음
용례누가복음 3:20 이 위에 한 가지 악을 더하여 요한을 옥에 가두니라
누가복음 12:25 또 너희 중에 누가 염려함으로 그 키를 한 자나 더할 수 있느냐
고린도후서 7:13 이로 인하여 우리가 위로를 받았고 우리의 받은 위로 위에 디도의 기쁨으로 우리가 더욱 많이 기뻐함은 그의 마음이 너희 무리를 인하여 안심함을 얻었음이니라
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~위에, ~을 맡아
누군가가 통제나 권위를 행사하는 대상을 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 24:45 충성되고 지혜 있는 종이 되어 주인에게 그 집 사람들을 맡아 때를 따라 양식을 나눠 줄 자가 누구뇨
마태복음 24:47 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 주인이 그 모든 소유를 저에게 맡기리라
마태복음 25:21 그 주인이 이르되 잘 하였도다 착하고 충성된 종아 네가 작은 일에 충성하였으매 내가 많은 것으로 네게 맡기리니 네 주인의 즐거움에 참예할지어다 하고
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~때문에, ~에 근거하여
뒤따르는 사건이나 상태의 근거가 되는 원인이나 이유를 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 18:13 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 만일 찾으면 길을 잃지 아니한 아흔아홉 마리보다 이것을 더 기뻐하리라
마태복음 19:9 내가 너희에게 말하노니 누구든지 음행한 연고 외에 아내를 내어버리고 다른 데 장가드는 자는 간음함이니라
마태복음 22:33 무리가 듣고 그의 가르치심에 놀라더라
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~을 목적으로, ~을 위하여, ~하기 위하여
목적을 나타내는 표지로, 사건이나 상태의 목표를 가리킴
용례마태복음 22:5 저희가 돌아보지도 않고 하나는 자기 밭으로, 하나는 자기 상업차로 가고
마태복음 26:50 예수께서 가라사대 친구여 네가 무엇을 하려고 왔는지 행하라 하신대 이에 저희가 나아와 예수께 손을 대어 잡는지라
누가복음 4:43 예수께서 이르시되 내가 다른 동네에서도 하나님의 나라 복음을 전하여야 하리니 나는 이 일로 보내심을 입었노라 하시고
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~에 관하여, ~에 대하여, ~와 관련하여, ~에 대해, ~으로
(속격과 함께) 특정 지시 대상을 명시하는 수단으로서 내용을 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 18:5 또 누구든지 내 이름으로 이런 어린 아이 하나를 영접하면 곧 나를 영접함이니
마태복음 24:5 많은 사람이 내 이름으로 와서 이르되 나는 그리스도라 하여 많은 사람을 미혹케 하리라
마태복음 27:43 저가 하나님을 신뢰하니 하나님이 저를 기뻐하시면 이제 구원하실지라 제 말이 나는 하나님의 아들이라 하였도다 하며
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~에 근거하여, ~을 고려하여
어떤 사건의 근거를 나타내는 표지
용례마태복음 18:16 만일 듣지 않거든 한두 사람을 데리고 가서 두세 증인의 입으로 말마다 증참케 하라
누가복음 5:5 시몬이 대답하여 가로되 선생이여 우리들이 밤이 맞도록 수고를 하였으되 얻은 것이 없지마는 말씀에 의지하여 내가 그물을 내리리이다 하고
로마서 4:18 아브라함이 바랄 수 없는 중에 바라고 믿었으니 이는 네 후손이 이같으리라 하신 말씀대로 많은 민족의 조상이 되게 하려 하심을 인함이라
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~할 지경까지, ~한 정도까지, ~할 만큼, ~까지
문맥이 나타내는 특정한 지점까지 미치는 정도
용례마태복음 25:40 임금이 대답하여 가라사대 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 너희가 여기 내 형제 중에 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 한 것이 곧 내게 한 것이니라 하시고
마태복음 25:45 이에 임금이 대답하여 가라사대 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 이 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 하지 아니한 것이 곧 내게 하지 아니한 것이니라 하시리니
사도행전 4:17 이것이 민간에 더 퍼지지 못하게 저희를 위협하여 이 후에는 이 이름으로 아무 사람에게도 말하지 말게 하자 하고
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~할 때, ~의 때에
다른 시점과 동시에 있거나 겹치는 시점을 나타내는 표지
용례마가복음 2:26 그가 아비아달 대제사장 때에 하나님의 전에 들어가서 제사장 외에는 먹지 못하는 진설병을 먹고 함께 한 자들에게도 주지 아니하였느냐
누가복음 10:35 이튿날에 데나리온 둘을 내어 주막 주인에게 주며 가로되 이 사람을 돌보아 주라 부비가 더 들면 내가 돌아올 때에 갚으리라 하였으니
요한복음 4:27 이 때에 제자들이 돌아와서 예수께서 여자와 말씀하시는 것을 이상히 여겼으나 무엇을 구하시나이까 어찌하여 저와 말씀하시나이까 묻는 이가 없더라
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~ 동안, ~하는 중에, ~ 안에, ~ 동안에
한 단위 안에서의 시간의 범위를 나타내는 표지
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~에 의하여
(대격과 함께) 행위자를 나타내는 표지로, 행위자에게 미치는 영향을 함께 함축함
용례데살로니가후서 1:10 그 날에 강림하사 그의 성도들에게서 영광을 얻으시고 모든 믿는 자에게서 기이히 여김을 얻으시리라 (우리의 증거가 너희에게 믿어졌음이라)
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곧, 아주 곧
(관용어, 문자적으로: 문 앞에) 다른 시점에 뒤따르며 임박함을 나타내는 시점, 곧 뒤따르는 사건이 거의 시작된 것으로 여겨짐
용례마태복음 24:33 이와 같이 너희도 이 모든 일을 보거든 인자가 가까이 곧 문 앞에 이른 줄 알라
마가복음 13:29 이와 같이 너희가 이런 일이 나는 것을 보거든 인자가 가까이 곧 문 앞에 이른 줄을 알라
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오래, 오랜 시간, 한동안
비교적 긴 시간 동안과 관련됨
용례사도행전 20:9 유두고라 하는 청년이 창에 걸터 앉았다가 깊이 졸더니 바울이 강론하기를 더 오래 하매 졸음을 이기지 못하여 삼층 누에서 떨어지거늘 일으켜 보니 죽었는지라
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누군가의 머리 위에, 책임
(관용어, 문자적으로: 누군가의 머리 위에) 어떤 행위에 대한 책임을 지는 것으로, 흔히 비난받을 책임을 함축함
용례사도행전 18:6 저희가 대적하여 훼방하거늘 바울이 옷을 떨어 가로되 너희 피가 너희 머리로 돌아갈 것이요 나는 깨끗하니라 이 후에는 이방인에게로 가리라 하고
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모세의 율법에 관한 권위자가 되다
(관용어, 문자적으로: 모세의 자리에 앉다) 모세의 율법을 권위 있게 해석할 수 있는 자격을 가짐
용례마태복음 23:2 서기관들과 바리새인들이 모세의 자리에 앉았으니
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공중 앞에서, 공개적으로
(관용어, 문자적으로: 지붕 위에서) 해당 사건이 공개적으로 일어났기 때문에 널리 알려져 있음과 관련됨
용례마태복음 10:27 내가 너희에게 어두운 데서 이르는 것을 광명한 데서 말하며 너희가 귓속으로 듣는 것을 집 위에서 전파하라
누가복음 12:3 이러므로 너희가 어두운 데서 말한 모든 것이 광명한 데서 들리고 너희가 골방에서 귀에 대고 말한 것이 집 위에서 전파되리라
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상당한 기간 동안, 오랫동안
(관용어, 문자적으로: 충분히 위에) 상당한 기간 동안의 시간으로, 시간이 충분함에 초점이 있음
용례사도행전 20:11 올라가 떡을 떼어 먹고 오랫동안 곧 날이 새기까지 이야기하고 떠나니라
쓰임
모든 용례를 문법적으로 연결된 단어에 따라 묶었습니다.
“바울과 바나바가 말하되”처럼 두 단어가 한 역할을 함께 맡으면 그 구절은 두 묶음에 모두 나오므로, 합계가 용례 수보다 많을 수 있습니다.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
의미 영역 27개 항목
- 공중 앞에서, 공공연히28.64
- 누구의 머리에, 책임37.102
- 모세의 율법에 관한 권위자가 되다37.44
- 위에, 책임을 맡은37.9
- …동안, …중에, …안에, …에 걸쳐67.136
- …할 때, …때에67.33
- 곧, 아주 속히67.58
- 오랜, 오랜 시간, 얼마 동안67.89
- 상당한 기간 동안, 오랫동안67.91
- …하기까지, …할 정도로, …한 만큼, …에 이르기까지78.51
- 곁에, 옆에83.23
- 앞에83.35
- … 위에, …에83.46
- 가운데에, 함께83.9
- …로, …을 향하여, …의 방향으로84.17
- 위에, 위로84.20
- …에 더하여, 그리고89.101
- …에 근거하여, …에 비추어89.13
- … 때문에, …에 근거하여89.27
- …의 목적으로, …을 위하여, …하기 위하여89.60
- … 위에, …에90.17
- …에 관하여, …에 대하여, …와 관련하여, …을 두고, …에서90.23
- …을 거슬러90.34
- …을 위하여90.40
- …에 의하여90.5
- …에게, …에서, … 위에90.57
- …에 의하여, …을 통하여90.9
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon (before a rough breathing ἐφ' (occasionally in manuscripts ἐπ'; see e. g. Ps 145:3), and…
(before a rough breathing ἐφ' (occasionally in manuscripts ἐπ'; see e. g. Ps 145:3), and also in some instances before a smooth breathing (as ἐφ' ἐλπίδι, Acts 2:26 L; Rom 8:20-21Tdf.); see ἀφειδον. It neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel (except Αἴγυπτον Acts 7:10, Acts 7:18) and (at least in Tdf.s text) before some other words, see the Proleg., p. 94f; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10), a preposition (from the Sanskrit local prefix ἀρι; Curtius, § 335), joined to the genitive, the dative, and the accusative; its primary signification is upon (Latinsuper; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 374 (350) note)).
A. with the genitive (cf. Winers Grammar, § 47, g.; Buttmann, 336 (289));
I. of place; and
1. of the place on which;
a. upon the surface of (Latinin orsuper with the abl., German auf with the dative); after verbs of a biding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπί κλίνης, Mt 9:2; Lk 17:34; ἐπί τοῦ δώματος, Mt 24:17; Lk 17:31; ἐπ' ἐρημίας (cf. on a desert), Mk 8:4; ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν, Mt 24:30; Mt 26:64; ἐπί (τῆς) γῆς, Mt 6:10; Mt 9:6; Mt 23:9; Mt 28:18; Lk 21:25; Acts 2:19, and very often; ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης, on (the surface of) the sea, Mt 14:25 R G; 26 L T Tr WH; Mk 6:48 (49); Rev 5:13, and, according to the interpretations of many, Jn 6:19; but cf. Baumg.-Crusius at the passage (per contra, cf. Lücke at the passage; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited) (Job 9:8; βαδίζειν ἐφ' ὕδατος, Lcian. philops. 13; ἐπί τοῦ πελαγους διαθεοντες, v. h. 2, 4; (Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 3, 16); on a different sense of the phrase ἐπί γῆς θαλάσσης see 2 a. below (Winer's Grammar, 374 (351))); ποιεῖν σημεῖα ἐπί τῶν ἀσθενούντων, to be seen upon the bodies of men, externally, (on the sick (cf. Winer's Grammar, 375 (351))), Jn 6:2; ἐκάθισα and κάθημαι (καθέζομαι) ἐπί, Mt 19:28; Mt 23:2; Mt 24:3; Mt 25:31; Mt 27:19; Jn 19:13; Acts 20:9; Rev 9:17, etc.; ἔστην, ἕστηκα ἐπί, Lk 6:17; Acts 21:40; Rev 10:5, Rev 10:8; where parts of the body are spoken of: ἐπί χειρῶν, Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11; ἐπί τῆς κεφαλῆς, Jn 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rev 10:1 R G (others, accusative); ; σινδόνα ἐπί γυμνοῦ, Mk 14:51; ἐπί τοῦ μετώπου (or μετώπων), Rev 7:3; Rev 9:4; Rev 13:16 (Rec., others, accusative); Rev 14:9.
b. Like the preposition ἐν (see the exposition under the word ἐν, I. 7, p. 212{a}), so also ἐπί with the genitive is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion; thus after βάλλειν, Mk 4:26; Mt 26:12; σπείρειν, Mk 4:31; τιθέναι, Jn 19:19; Acts 5:15; (Lk 8:16 L T Tr WH); ἐπιτιθεναι, Lk 8:16 (R G); καθιεναι, Acts 10:11; πίπτειν, Mk 9:20; Mk 14:35; ἐπιγράφειν, Heb 10:16 R G; ἑλκύειν, Jn 21:11 R G; ἔρχεσθαι, Heb 6:7; Rev 3:10; (anatellein], Lk 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH); γενόμενος ἐπί τοῦ τόπου (cf. our having arrived on the spot), Lk 22:40 (cf. Winer's Grammar, p. 376 (352) and see below, C. I. 1 b. at the end). κρεμαν τινα ἐπί (Hebrew עַל תָּלָה, Gen 40:19; Deut 21:22, etc.), for which the Latin hassuspendereex,de,a, andalicui, Acts 5:30; Acts 10:39; Gal 3:13.
c. figuratively used of that upon which anything rests (like our upon) (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289); Ellicott on 1 Timothy as below): ἵνα σταθῇ ἐπί στόματος etc. (עַל־פִּי יָקוּם, Deut 19:15), resting on the declaration, etc., Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1; more simply ἐπί μαρτύρων, 1 Tim 5:19; in the adverb phrase ἐπ' ἀληθείας (on the ground of truth), see ἀλήθεια, I. 1. (c. akin is its use (with a personal or a reflexive pronoun) to denote dependence, as in λογιζέσθω ἐφ' (others ἀφ' which see II. 2 d. aa.) ἑαυτοῦ, 2 Cor 10:7 T Tr WH (for himself, i. e. apart from and independently of others; R. V. with himself); cf. Kühner, 2:432; Liddell and Scott, under the word A. I. 1 d.)
d. figuratively used of things, affairs, persons, which one is set over, over which he exercises power; Latinsupra, our over (cf. below, B. 2 b. and C. I. 2 e.): ἐπί πάντων, Rom 9:5; Eph 4:6 (where ἐπί, διά and ἐν are distinguished); καθίστημι τινα ἐπί τίνος, Mt 24:45; Mt 25:21, Mt 25:23; Lk 12:42; Acts 6:3 (Gen 39:4, Gen 39:5; Gen 39:1 Macc. 6:14 1 Macc. 10:37, etc.; Plato, rep. 5, p. 460 b., etc.); δίδωμι τίνι ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Rev 2:26; ἔχω ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Rev 20:6; βασιλεύειν ἐπί τίνος, Mt 2:22 R G Tr brackets; Rev 5:10; ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ βασιλέα, Rev 9:11; ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐπί τῶν βασιλέων, Rev 17:18; ὅς ἦν ἐπ' τῆς γάζης, who was over the treasury, Acts 8:27; ὁ ἐπί τοῦ κοιτῶνος, he who presided over the bedchamber, the chamberlain, Acts 12:20 (Passow, i., 2, p. 1035a gives many examples from Greek authors (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word A. III. 1; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word); for examples from the O. T. Apocrypha see Wahl, Clavis Apocr., p. 218a).
e. of that to which the mental act looks or refers: λέγειν ἐπί τίνος, to speak upon (of) a thing, Gal 3:16 (Plato, Charm., p. 155 d.; legg. 2, p. 662 d.; Aelian v. h. 1, 30;scriberesuperre, Cicero, ad Att. 16, 6;dissereresuper, Tacitus, ann. 6, 28; cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); (Buttmann, 336 (289))).
f. of one on whom an obligation has been laid: εὐχήν ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ, have (taken) on themselves a vow, have bound themselves by a vow, Acts 21:23 (WH text ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν (see ἀπό, II. 2 d. aa.)).
2. used of vicinity, i. e. of the place at, near, hard by, which (German bei,an);
a. properly, κόλπος ὁ ἐπί ποσιδηιου, Herodotus 7, 115; ἐπί τῶν θυρῶν (Acts 5:23 L T Tr WH) (1 Macc. 1:55; (Plutarch, G. Gracch. 14, 3, p. 841 c.)); cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1366 § 584; Passow, under the word, p. 1034b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, I. 1 a., at the end). But the examples of this signification adduced from the N. T. (with the exception of Acts, the passage cited) (and most of those from Greek authors also) are such as to allow the rendering of ἐπί by super also, over or above (so Winer's Grammar, 374f (351)): ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης at the sea, upon the shore, or above the sea, for the shore overhung the sea, Jn 6:19 (?(cf. 1 a. above)); (Ex 14:2; Deut 1:40; Deut 1:1 Macc. 14:34 1 Macc. 15:11; Polybius 1, 44, 4; cf. the FrenchBoulognesurmer,ChalonssurMarne (English Stratford on Avon), etc.; ἐπί τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ezek 1:1; (Xenophon, an. 4, 3, 28); ἐπί τοῦ Ιορδάνου, 2 Kgs 2:7); ἐσθίειν ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης τίνος (German überJemandsTischeessen (cf. English over one's food, over one's cups, etc.)), food and drink placed upon the table, Lk 22:30 cf. Lk 22:21; συκῆν ἐπί τῆς ὁδοῦ, a fig tree above (i. e. higher than) the way, Mt 21:19.
b. before, with the genitive of a person, in the presence of one as spectator, or auditor (Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289)): Mt 28:14 (L Tr WH marginal reading ὑπό); Mk 13:9; Acts 24:19, Acts 24:20; Acts 25:9; Acts 26:2; 1 Cor 6:1, 1 Cor 6:6; 2 Cor 7:14; 1 Tim 6:13 (some bring this under II. below; see μαρτυρέω); ἐπί τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος, Acts 25:10.
c. ἐπί τοῦ (Rec. τῆς) βάτου at the bush, i. e. at the place in the sacred volume where the bush is spoken of, Mk 12:26 (see ἐν, I. 1 d.).
II. of Time when; with the genitive of a person in the time or age of a man (in the days of); at the time when an office was held by one; under the administration of (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (352); Buttmann, 336 (289)): Mk 2:26; Lk 3:2; Lk 4:2; Acts 11:28; (1 Macc. 13:42 1 Macc. 14:27 (for other examples in which this phrase is equivalent to in or of the reign etc. of, and is preceded by a specification of the year etc., see B. D. American edition, p. 651 note{b}); 2 Macc. 8:19 2Macc. 15:22; for numerous examples from Greek writings see Passow, i., 2, p. 1035, floss fully in Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. II.)). with the genitive of a tiring, at the time of any occurrence: ἐπί τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, at the time of the deportation to Babylon, Mt 1:11; (on Lk 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH see δυσμή); of the time when any occupation is (or was) carried on: ἐπί τῶν προσευχῶν μου, Latin in precibus meis, at my prayers, when I am praying, Rom 1:10 (9); Eph 1:16; 1 Thess 1:2; Phm 1:4. of time itself, ἐπ' ἐσχάτων and (according to another reading) ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν (literally, at the end of the days): 2 Pet 3:3; Heb 1:2 (1) (for the Hebrew הַיָמִים בְּאַחֲרִית, Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Jeremiah 37:24; Mic 4:1; Dan 10:14); ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου, Jude 1:18 L T Tr WH; (τῶν χρόνων, 1 Pet 1:20 L T Tr WH).
B. with the dative, used of place (Winers Grammar, 392f (366f); Buttmann, 336f (289f)); and
1. properly;
a. of the place where or in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the dative) (English on, etc.), where continuance, position, situation, etc., are spoken of: ἐφ' ᾧ (L text T Tr WH ὅπου) κατέκειτο, Mk 2:4; λίθος ἐπί λίθῳ (λίθον T Tr WH), Mk 13:2; ἐπί πίνακι, Mt 14:8, Mt 14:11; Mk 6:25; ἐπί τοῦ κραββάτοις, Mk 6:55; ἀνακλῖναι πάντας ἐπί τῷ χόρτῳ, Mk 6:39; ἐπέκειτο ἐπ' αὐτῷ, lay upon it, Jn 11:38; ἐφ' ἵπποις, Rev 19:14.
b. of the place in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the accusative), after verbs expressing motion toward a place, to denote a remaining in the place after the motion (English upon, at, etc.): βάλλειν λίθον ἐπιτινι, the dative of person, Jn 8:7 Rec.; οἰκοδομεῖν, Mt 16:18; ἐποικοδόμειν, Eph 2:20; ἐπιβάλλειν, Mt 9:16 (Lk 5:36 ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τί); ἐπιρράπτειν, Mk 2:21 (where L T Tr WH have ἐπί with the accusative); ἐπιπίπτειν, Acts 8:16.
c. of the place above which (Latinsuper, German über (English over)): ἐπ' αὐτῷ, over his head, Lk 23:38 (for which Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).
d. of the place at, or by, or near which: ἐπί θύραις and ἐπί τῇ θύρα, Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Acts 5:9 (and often in Greek writings; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1037a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 a.; cf. A. I. 2 a. above)); ἐπί τῇ προβατικῇ, Jn 5:2; ἐπί τῷ ποταμῷ, Rev 9:14; ἐπί τῇ στοά, Acts 3:11; ἐπ' (L T Tr WH παῥ) αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι, Acts 28:14.
2. Metaphorically;
a. of that upon which any action, effect, condition, rests as a basis or support; properly, upon the ground of; and α. of that upon which anything is sustained or upheld: ζῆν ἐπί τίνι, to sustain life on (by) a thing, Mt 4:4 (where L Tr, the second time, ἐν; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 389 (364) note)); Lk 4:4 (Deut 8:3 for עַל חָיָה; Plato, Alcib. 1, p. 105 c.; Plutarch, de cup. divit. 7, p. 526 d.; Alciphron, epistles 3, 7, etc.); συνιέναι ἐπί τοῖς ἄρτοις, to understand by reasoning built upon the loaves, Mk 6:52 (cf. Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290)). β. of that upon which anything rests (our upon): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι (see in ἐλπίς, 2), supported by hope, in hope (cf; Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2f.), Acts 2:26; Rom 4:18; 1 Cor 9:10 (differently in ε. below); to do anything ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, relying upon the name i. e. the authority of anyone (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)): ἐλεύσονται ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, appropriating to themselves the name of Messiah, which belongs to me, Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (in which passage λέγοντες, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Χριστός is added by way of explanation); βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπί (L Tr WH ἐν) τῷ ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ, so as to repose your hope and confidence in his Messianic authority, Acts 2:38; δέχεσθαι τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, to receive one because he bears my name, is devoted to my authority and instruction, Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. to do anything upon the name of Christ, his name being introduced, appeal being made to his authority and command: as κηρύσσειν, διδάσκειν, etc., Lk 24:47; Acts 4:17, Acts 4:18; Acts 5:28, Acts 5:40; δύναμιν ποιεῖν, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλειν, using his name as a formula of exorcism (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)), Mk 9:39; Lk 9:49 (WH Tr marginal reading ἐν). γ. of that upon which as a foundation any superstructure is reared: νομοθετεῖσθαι, Heb 7:11 (ἐπ' αὐτῇ, for which L T Tr WH have ἐπ' αὐτῆς); ; after verbs of trusting, believing, hoping, etc.: ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐπί τίνι, 3 Jn 1:10; παρρησιάζεσθαι, Acts 14:3; πεποιθέναι, Mt 27:43 L text WH marginal reading; Lk 11:22; Lk 18:9; Mk 10:24 (T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); 2 Cor 1:9; Heb 2:13; πιστεύειν, Lk 24:25; Rom 9:33; Rom 10:11, etc.; ἐλπίζειν (see ἐλπίζω) (cf. C. I. 2 g. α. below). δ. of the reason or motive underlying words and deeds, so that ἐπί is equivalent to for, on account of (Winers Grammar, 394 (368); Buttmann, 337 (290)): Mt 19:9 R G T Tr WH text; Lk 5:5 (ἐπί τῷ ῤήματι σου, at thy word, German auf; (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, c. d.; in reliance on)); Acts 3:16 (WH omit); Acts 4:9; (L Tr marginal reading have the genitive); ; 1 Cor 8:11 (ἀπολλυσθαι ἐπί τίνι, German zuGrundegehenüber etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368) note, but L T Tr WH read ἐν)); Phm 3:9; after αἰνεῖν, Lk 2:20; δοξάζειν, Acts 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 381 (357)); μαρτυρεῖν, Heb 11:4; εὐχαριστεῖν etc. to give thanks for, 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 9:15; Phm 1:5; 1 Thess 3:9. ἐφ' ᾧ (equivalent to ἐπί τούτῳ, ὅτι for that, on the ground of this, that) because that, because, Rom 5:12 (on the various interpretations of this passage see Dietzsch, Adam und Christus. Bonn 1871, p. 50ff); 2 Cor 5:4 (Rec.st ἐπειδή); Phm 3:12 (ἐφ' ᾧ — ὁ σατανᾶς — οὐκ ἴσχυσε θανατῶσαι αὐτούς, Theophilus of Antioch ad Antol. 2, 29, p. 138, Otto edition; ἐφ' ᾧ Γενναδιον ἔγραψεν, for the reason that he had accused Gennadius, Synes. epistle 73; cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 710; the better Greeks commonly used ἐφ' οἷς in the same sense, cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368); (Fritzsche or Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Philippians, the passage cited)). Used especially after verbs signifying a mental affection or emotion, where we also often say over (for examples from Greek writings see Passow, i. 2, p. 1039b; Krüger, § 68, 41, 6; (cf. Winers Grammar, 393 (368)
c.)): as ἀγαλλιαν, Lk 1:47; χαίρειν, Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; Lk 13:17; Rom 16:19, etc.; χαρά ἔσται, Lk 15:7; χαράν (Rec. χάριν) ἔχω, Phm 1:7; παρακαλεῖν, παρακαλεῖσθαι, 2 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 7:13; 1 Thess 3:7; κλαίειν, Lk 19:41 R G; κοπετόν ποιεῖν, Acts 8:2; κόπτεσθαι, Rev 18:9 (T Tr WH text the accusative); ὀδύνασθαι, Acts 20:38; ὀλολύζειν, Jas 5:1; στυγνάζειν, Mk 10:22; συλλυπεῖσθαι, Mk 3:5; μετανοεῖν ἐπί, to grieve over, repent of, 2 Cor 12:21; σπλαγχνίζεσθαι, Mt 14:14 G L T Tr WH; Mk 6:34 R G; Lk 7:13 (Tdf. the accusative); μακροθύμειν, Mt 18:26 (Tr the accusative), 29 (L Tr the accusative); Lk 18:7 (see μακροθυμέω, 2); Jas 5:7; ὀργίζεσθαι, Rev 12:17 (Lachmann omits ἐπἰ; ἐκπλήσσεσθαι, Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Acts 13:12; διαταράσσεσθαι, Lk 1:29; ἐξίστασθαι, Lk 2:47; θαμβεῖσθαι, Mk 10:24; θάμβος, Lk 5:9; Acts 3:10; θαυμάζειν, Mk 12:17; Lk 2:33; Lk 4:22; Lk 9:43; Lk 20:26; Acts 3:12; καυχᾶσθαι, Rom 5:2; ἐπαισχύνεσθαι, Rom 6:21; παραζηλουν and παροργίζειν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Rom 10:19. ε. of the rule, or condition (Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
d.): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι, a hope being held out or given, Rom 8:20; Tit 1:2 (differently in β. above); ἐπί δυσίν... μάρτυσιν, on condition that two witnesses testify to the matter in question (at (the mouth of) two etc.; cf. Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)), Heb 10:28; ἐπί νεκροῖς, equivalent to ὄντων νεκρῶν (in the case of the dead), if anyone has died, Heb 9:17. ζ. of the purpose and end (unto, for; Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
e.): ἐπ' ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, to worship and profess his name, Acts 15:14 Rec.; καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Latinadaliquid, Gal 5:13; 1 Thess 4:7 (ἐπί ξένια, Xenophon, an. 7, 6, 3; cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); κτισθεντε ἐπί ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς, Eph 2:10; φρονεῖν ἐπί τίνι to take thought for a thing, Phm 4:10; ἐφ' ᾧ (by a later Greek impropriety for ἐπί τίνι, cf. Winers Grammar, § 24, 4; (Buttmann, § 139, 59; but on the extreme doubtfulness of this alleged use of ὅς in direct questions, see present T. D. Woolsey in the Bibliotheca Sacra for Apr. 1874, p. 314ff)) πάρει; for what purpose art thou come? Vulg.adquid (others,quod)venisti? Mt 26:50 R (but G L T Tr WH ἐφ' ὁ, see C. I. 2 g. γ. αα. below) (Theoph. ἐπί ποιῶ σκόπω; cf. Herodotus 7, 146 πυθόμενος, ἐπ' ὁισι ἦλθον; (but the view of many ancient expositors which explains the passage by an aposiopesis: that for which thou hast come — do is thoroughly established by Dr. Woolsey, as above)). of the issue or undesigned result: λογομαχεῖν ἐπί καταστροφή τῶν ἀκουόντων, 2 Tim 2:14; (τοῖς ἐπί ὠφέλεια πεποιημενοις ἐπί βλάβη χρῆσθαι, Xenophon, mem. 2, 3, 19). εε. of the pattern or standard (A. V. after; Winer's Grammar, 394 (368) f.): καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, to call one after the name of another, Lk 1:59 (Neh 7:63 (Winer's Grammar, 410 (382))); ἐπί τῷ ὁμοιώματι τίνος after the likeness of a thing, Rom 5:14.
b. of that over which one is placed, for its care or administration: ἐπί τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι τινα καθιστάναι, Lk 12:44 (cf. A. I. 1 d. above (also C. I. 2 e. below); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474f; Bernhardy (1829), p. 249; (Winers Grammar, 393 (367)
a.)).
e. used of a hostile aim, against (for examples from Greek writings from Homer down, see Passow, i. 2, p. 1036a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 c.; Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290))): Lk 12:52f; θλῖψις γενομένη ἐπί Στεφάνῳ (Στεφάνου, L Tr marginal reading), Acts 11:19 (A. V. about).
d. of that to which anything is added (so that it is, as it were, upon it); in addition to; over and above (Winers Grammar, 393 (367f)
b.): 2 Cor 7:13 (L T Tr WH ἐπί δέ τῇ παρακλήσει ὑμῶν (but L T Tr WH ἡμῶν) περισσοτέρως κτλ., but in addition to the comfort given (us) by you, we rejoiced the more exceedingly etc. (A. V. in etc. (of condition))); κερδαίνειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Mt 25:20, Mt 25:22 R G; ἔχειν λύπην ἐπί λύπη, Phm 2:27 Rec. (Euripides, Iph. T. 197 φόνος ἐπί φόνῳ, Troad. 596 ἐπί δ' ἀλγεσιν ἀλγεα, Sophocles O. C. 544 ἐπί νόσῳ νόσον; (cf. Meyer on Philippians, the passage cited; but G L T Tr WH give the accusative, see C. I. 2 e. below)); προστιθεναι ἐπί, Lk 3:20; ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις, besides all this, Lk 16:26 (L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH ἐν; see ἐν, I. 5 e., p. 211a); Eph 6:16 (L text T Tr WH ἐν (and there is no τούτοις); see ἐν, as above); Col 3:14 (Sir. 37:15; 1 Macc. 10:42; (classic examples in Wetstein (1752) on Luke, the passage cited)); add also Heb 8:1 (see Lünem. at the passage); Heb 9:10; 1 Cor 14:16.
e. of that which is connected as an adjunct (especially of time) with the principal matter under consideration (in German generallybei, i. e. at, on, etc.) (Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)): ἐυχαριστο τῷ Θεῷ μου ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ μνεία ὑμῶν, at every mention of you, as often as I call you to mind, Phm 1:3 (but see Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot at the passage, and under the word πᾶς, I. 2); σπένδομαι ἐπί τῇ θυσία, while engaged in (busied over) the sacrifice, Phm 2:17; ἐπί συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων, Heb 9:26; ἐπί τῇ πρώτη διαθήκη, Phm 2:15; σπείρειν and θερίζειν ἐπ' εὐλογίαις, so that blessings attend, i. e. bountifully, freely, 2 Cor 9:6; ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκη, 1 Thess 3:7; ἐπί τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν while your anger lasts, Eph 4:26; ἐπί τούτῳ meanwhile, i. e. while this was going on ((?), upon this), Jn 4:27.
f. of the object of an action, and α. where the German usesan (English on (nearly equivalent to to)): πράσσειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Acts 5:35 (like δραν τί ἐπί τίνι, Herodotus 3, 14; Aelian n. an. 11, 11); cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 250 bottom; (but see Buttmann, 337 (290)); ὁ γέγονεν ἐπ' αὐτῇ, Mk 5:33 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἐπί); ἀναπληροῦσθαι, Mt 13:14 Rec. β. where the German saysüber, (English upon, of, concerning), after verbs of writing, speaking, thinking: γεγραμμένα ἐπ' αὐτῷ, Jn 12:16 (Herodotus 1, 66); προφητεύειν, Rev 10:11; μαρτυρεῖν, R G T Tr text WH text (see μαρτυρέω, a.) (δόξα ἐπί τῇ εὐσέβεια, an opinion about, on, piety, 4 Macc. 5:17 (18)).
C. with the accusative (Winers Grammar, § 49,1.; Buttmann, 337f (290f));
I. of place;
1. properly;
a. of the place above, over, which, our up on, on to: after verbs signifying motion and continuance, ἐλθεῖν, περιπατεῖν ἐπί τά ὕδατα, Mt 14:28f; ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, Mt 14:25 L T Tr WH, 26 R G (πλεῖν ἐπί Πόντον, Homer, Odyssey 1, 183); ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπί τήν γῆν, Mt 15:35; ἐπί τό στῆθος τίνος, Jn 21:20; ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπί τούς χόρτους, Mt 14:19 R G; κατοικεῖν ἐπί πᾶν τό πρόσωπον (L T Tr WH παντός προσώπου (cf. πᾶς, I. 1 c.)) τῆς γῆς, Acts 17:26; καθῆσθαι, Lk 21:35; ἦλθε λιμός ἐφ' ὅλην τήν γῆν, Acts 7:11; σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν γῆν, Mt 27:45. over i. e. along: εἱστήκει ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν, Mt 13:2 (Winers Grammar, 408 (380); differently in d. below).
b. of motion to a place whose surface is occupied or touched (German auf with the accusative), upon, unto, etc.; after verbs of going, coming, ascending, descending, falling, etc.: πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τήν ὁδόν, Acts 8:26; Acts 9:11; ἐπί τάς διεξόδους, Mt 22:9; προέρχεσθαι, Acts 20:13 (here Tr WH marginal reading προσέρχεσθαι); φεύγειν, Mt 24:16 (where L Tr WH text εἰς); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Lk 8:27; ἐξιέναι, Acts 27:43; ἐπιβαίνειν, Mt 21:5; ἀναβαίνειν, Lk 5:19; Lk 19:4; Acts 10:9; Rev 20:9; καταβαίνειν, Lk 22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Rev 16:21; ἀπέρχεσθαι, Lk 23:33 (L Tr WH ἔρχεσθαι); πίπτειν ἐπί τούς πόδας, Acts 10:25; ἐπί πρόσωπον, to fall upon the face, Mt 17:6; Mt 26:39; Lk 5:12; Lk 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rev 7:11. After verbs of placing, leading, bringing, building, laying, throwing, etc.: τιθέναι, Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; ἐπιτιθεναι, Mt 23:4; Lk 15:5; Acts 15:10, etc.; τιθέναι τά γόνατα ἐπί, Acts 21:5; οἰκοδομεῖν, Mt 7:24, Mt 7:26; Lk 6:49; Rom 15:20; ἐποικοδόμειν, 1 Cor 3:12; θεμελιοῦν, Lk 6:48; βάλλειν, Jn 8:59; Rev 2:24; Rev 14:16; Rev 18:19; ἐπιβάλλειν, Lk 5:36 (ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τίνι, Mt 9:16); ἐπιβάλλειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί τινα, Mt 26:50, etc. (see ἐπιβάλλω, 1 a.); ἐπιρρίπτειν, Lk 19:35 and tropically 1 Pet 5:7; ῥαπίζειν, Mt 5:39 (L T Tr text WH εἰς); τύπτειν, Lk 6:29 (Tdf. εἰς); ἀναβιβάζειν, Mt 13:48 (not Lachmann text); ἐπιβιβάζειν, Lk 10:34; κατάγειν, Lk 5:11; σωρεύειν, Rom 12:20; διδόναι, Lk 7:44; Lk 19:23; Rev 8:3; ἀναφέρειν, 1 Pet 2:24; κρεμαν, Mt 18:6 (L T Tr WH περί); γράφειν, Rev 2:17; Rev 3:12; Rev 19:16; ἐπιγράφειν, Heb 8:10. After verbs which include another verb signifying motion, or transfer, or entrance into (where German usesauf orüber; our on, to, etc.): ἀνατέλλειν, Mt 5:45; βρέχειν, ibid.; πνεηιν, Rev 7:1 (here we see the difference between ἐπί with the genitive to blow over a thing, German über, and ἐπί with the according to blow on a thing, to come blowing upon it, German einenanwehen,wehendaufeinenkommen); (apparently nearly the same view of the distinction between the cases is take, by Thiersch § 274, 6; Hermann on Euripides, Alcest. 845. But Krüger (sec. 68, 40, 3), Kühner, (ii. § 438, L 1 b.), others, regard ἐπί with the accusative as denoting merely movement toward a place, while ἐπί with the genitive involves the idea of actual or intended arrival; cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 1. Still others hold the two expressions to be substantially synonymous: e. g. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 147 (p. 417 English translation); Matthiae, § 584; Passow, p. 1034a; — especially in the N. T., see Winers Grammar, 409f (382); 408 (381) note; Buttmann, 338 (291). On the variations of case with this preposition in the Rev. cf. Alford on ); διασωθῆναι ἐπί τήν γῆν, Acts 27:44.
c. It is used of persons over whom anything is done, that thereby some benefit may accrue to them (German über with the dative) (Winer's Grammar, 408 (381) note): ὀνομάζειν τό ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐπί τινα, to name the name of Jesus (as a spell, a magic formula) over one, namely, that help may come to him from that name, Acts 19:13; προσεύχεσθαι ἐπί τινα, Jas 5:14.
d. As εἰς (which see C. 2, p. 186a), so ἐπί also stands after verbs of rest and continuance (Buttmann, 337f (290f); Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:1): καθεύδειν ἐπί τί, Mk 4:38; στῆναι, Rev 11:11; σταθῆναι ἐπί τί, Revelation 12:18 (Rev 13:1); ἑστηκεναι, Jn 21:4 (ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; otherwise where many are spoken of; see a. at the end, above); Rev 14:1; καθῆσθαι, Jn 12:15; Rev 4:4; Rev 6:2 (Rec. dative); Rev 11:16; Rev 14:14, Rev 14:16 (L T Tr WH text genitive); Rev 17:3; ; κεκαθικεναι, καθίσαι, Mk 11:2; Lk 19:30; Jn 12:14; Rev 20:4; καθίσεσθαι, Mt 19:28; σκηνουν, Rev 7:15; κεῖσθαι, 2 Cor 3:15; κατακεῖσθαι, Lk 5:25 T Tr WH; εἶναι ἐπί τό αὐτό, to be together, assembled, in the same place: Lk 17:35; Acts 1:15; Acts 2:1, Acts 2:44 — to come together, of sexual intercourse, 1 Cor 7:5 G L T Tr WH; συνελθεῖν ἐπί τό αὐτό have convened, come together, to the same place, 1 Cor 14:23 (L text ἐλθεῖν); simply ἐπί τό αὐτό namely, ὄντες, together, Acts 3:1 (but L T Tr WH (so R. V.) connect ἐπί τήν α. here with Acts 2:47); 2 Sam 2:13 (cf. Buttmann, 338 (291)).
e. used of motion or arrival into the vicinity of a place (not to the place itself); near; to, as far as; (German an,bei,zu,hin...zu): ἐπί τό μνημεῖον (or μνῆμα), Mk 16:2; Lk 24:12 (L Tr brackets; T omits; WH reject the verse), 22,24; ἐπί τούς ἀναβαθμούς, Acts 21:35; ἔρχεσθαι ἐπί τί ὕδωρ, Acts 8:36; ἐπί τήν πύλην, Acts 12:10; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί τόν πυλῶνα, Acts 10:17; καταβαίνειν ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, Jn 6:16, etc., etc.; with the accusative of a person to, near to one: Jn 19:33; Acts 25:12; 2 Thess 2:1; Rev 16:14; especially to judges, kings, etc., equivalent to to their tribunal: Mt 10:18; Lk 12:58; Lk 21:12; Lk 23:1; Acts 9:21; Acts 16:19. also in pregnant construction after verbs of sitting, standing, etc.: καθῆσθαι ἐπί τό τελώνιον, Mt 9:9; Mk 2:14; ἑστηκεναι ἐπί, Rev 3:20; Rev 15:2; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί, Acts 10:17; Acts 11:11; ἐπί τήν δεξιάν on the right hand, Rev 5:1.
f. of mere direction toward a terminus (so that the terminus itself is not reached): πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τό ἀπολωλός, to recover it (where we say after), Lk 15:4; ἐκτείνειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί, against one, to take him, Lk 22:53; toward one, in pointing him out, Mt 12:49; ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐπί λῃστήν, to take a robber, Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52, cf. Lk 14:31.
2. It is used metaphorically,
a. with the accusative of a person after verbs of coming, falling, bringing, etc. α. of evils befalling (falling 'upon') one, and of perturbations coming upon the mind: τό αἷμα τίνος (the penalty for slaying him) ἥκει or ἔρχεται ἐπί τινα, Mt 23:35; Mt 27:25; ἐπάγειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐπί τινα, Acts 5:28; ἔρχεσθαι and ἥκειν ἐπί τινα, of other evils, Jn 18:4; Eph 5:6; Rev 3:3; after γίνεσθαι, Lk 1:65; Lk 4:36; Acts 5:5; ἐπέρχεσθαι (ἐπεισέρχεσθαι L T Tr WH), Lk 21:35; ἐπιπίπτειν, Lk 1:12; Acts 13:11 (L T Tr WH πίπτειν); (L Tr πίπτειν); Rom 15:3 (from Ps 68:10); Rev 11:11 (Rec. πίπτειν); ἐπιστηναι, Lk 21:34. β. of blessings coming upon one: after ἐρχεσται, Mt 10:13; ἐπιπίπτειν, of a trance, Acts 10:10 (L T Tr WH γίνεσθαι); ἐπισκηνουν, 2 Cor 12:9; ἔφθασεν and ἤγγικεν, ἐφ' ὑμᾶς (upon you namely, from heaven (cf. Winer's Grammar, 407 (380) note)) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, Mt 12:28; Lk 10:9; Lk 11:20. the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα ἐκχεῖσθαι, Acts 2:17; Acts 10:45; Tit 3:6; at another, ἀποστέλλεσθαι (or ἐξαποστέλλεσθαι T Tr WH), Lk 24:49; again, ἐπέρχεσθαι, Acts 1:8; once more, καταβαίνειν, Mk 1:10 (L text T Tr WH εἰς); Lk 3:22; Jn 1:33; ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπί τινα, Acts 1:26; after words of rest and continuance: χάρις ἦν ἐπί τινα, Lk 2:40; Acts 4:33; ἐπαναπαύεσθαι, Lk 10:6; the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα μένειν, descending upon one to remain on him, Jn 1:32f (Buttmann, 338 (291)); and again ἀναπαύεσθαι, 1 Pet 4:14.
b. of one upon whom anything is imposed, as a burden, office, duty, etc.: τήν μέριμναν ἐπιρρίπτειν ἐπί Θεόν, 1 Pet 5:7; συντελεῖν διαθήκην ἐπί τινα, to put a covenant UPON one, to be kept by him, Heb 8:8, (in Ps 82:6 פ עַל בְּרִית כָּרַת... is to make a covenant AGAINST one).
c. of that to which anything is added (English upon (nearly equivalent to after)): λύπη ἐπί λύπην, Phm 2:27 G L T Tr WH (Ps 68:27; Ezek 7:26; (especially Isa 28:10, Isa 28:13; cf. Latinsuper in Livy 1, 50; 22, 54 etc.); see above, B. 2 d.); (so some take οἶκος ἐπ' οἶκον, Lk 11:17, Buttmann, 338 (291); see οἶκος, 2); ἐπικάλειν ὄνομα ἐπί τινα (see ἐπικαλέω, 2 (and Buttmann, 338 (291))), to call (put) a name upon one, Acts 15:17; Jas 2:7.
d. of the number or degree reached; Latinusquead (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:3 a.): ἐπί σταδίους δώδεκα, Rev 21:16 (Rst T Tr WH text, genitive) (Xenophon, mem. 1, 4, 17; an. 1, 7, 15; Polybius 3, 54, 7; Song of the Three 23); ἐπί τρίς, Vulg.perter, for three times, thrice: Acts 10:16; Acts 11:10 (so εἰς τρίς, Herodotus 1, 86; Xenophon, an. 6, 4, 16. 19; Cyril 7, 1, 4 etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 422 (394))); ἐπί πλεῖον more widely, to a greater degree, further, the more (differently below, II. 1): Acts 4:17; (Acts 20:9 WH marginal reading); 2 Tim 2:16; 2 Tim 3:9; ἐφ' ὅσον, forasmuch as, inasmuch as, (differently II. 1 below): Mt 25:40, Mt 25:45; Rom 11:13.
e. of care, power, control over anything (German über with the accusative) (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 1. 3 b.) (cf. above, A. I. 1 d. and B. 2 b.): βασιλεύειν ἐπί τινα (Hebrew עַל מָשַׁל), Lk 1:33; Lk 19:14, Lk 19:27; Rom 5:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπ' Αἴγυπτον, Acts 7:10; καθίστημι, Heb 2:7 R ((from Ps 8:7), L Tr WH brackets); ἐπί τόν οἶκον αὐτοῦ namely, ἐστι, Heb 3:6; ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπί τόν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ namely, καθεστηκοτα, Heb 10:21; κατιησταναι δικαστήν ἐπί, Lk 12:14 (ἄρχοντα, Xenophon, Cyril 4, 5 at the end); ἐξουσία, Lk 10:19; Rev 6:8; Rev 16:9; Rev 22:14; φυλάσσειν φυλακάς, Lk 2:8; of usurped dignity: ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐπί πάντα λεγόμενον Θεόν, 2 Thess 2:4 cf. Dan 11:36f (others refer the use in Thessalonians, the passage cited to g. γ. ββ. below). Akin to this is the expression πιστός ἐπί τί (because fidelity is as it were spread over the things intrusted to its care), Mt 25:21.
f. of the end which the mind reaches or to which it is led; Latinad, to, unto: ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐπί τινα, especially to God, Lk 1:17; Acts 9:35; Acts 11:21; Acts 14:15; Acts 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pet 2:25.
g. of direction toward a person or a thing; α. after verbs of trusting and hoping (German auf, upon; see above, B. 2 a. γ.): after ἐλπίζειν, 1 Pet 1:13; 1 Pet 3:5 R G; 1 Tim 5:5 (and often in the Sept.); πιστεύειν, Acts 9:42; Acts 11:17; Acts 16:31; Acts 22:19; Rom 4:24; πιστός, Heb 6:1; πεποιθέναι, Mt 27:43 (where L text WH marginal reading ἐπί with the dative).β. of the feelings, affections, emotions, German über, over: κόπτομαι, Rev 1:7; Rev 18:9 (R G L WH marginal reading with the dative); κλαίω, Lk 23:28; Rev 18:9; εὐφραίνεσθαι, Rev 18:20 (G L T Tr WH with the dative). unto, toward, Latinerga: σπλαγχνίζομαι, Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; Mk 9:22; (μακροθυμέω, Mt 18:26 Tr, 29 L Tr); χρηστός, Lk 6:35; χρηστότης, Rom 11:22; Eph 2:7. γ. of the direction of the will and action; αα. of purpose and end (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 3 d.): ἐπί τό βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ, to receive his baptism, Mt 3:7; ἐπί θεωρίαν ταύτην, Lk 23:48; ἐφ' ὁ πάρει, Mt 26:50 G L T Tr WH (see above, B. 2 a. ζ.); where aim and result coalesce: ἐπί τό συμφέρον, Heb 12:10. ββ. of things done with hostility; against: after ἀποτομία, Rom 11:22; ἀναστῆναι, Mk 3:26; ἐγείρεσθαι, Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10; ἐπεγείρειν διωγμόν, Acts 13:50; μερισθῆναι, Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f; ἐπαίρειν τί ἐπί, Jn 13:18; μάρτυρ, 2 Cor 1:23; μαρτύριον, Lk 9:5; ἀσχημονεῖν, 1 Cor 7:36 (εἰς τινα, Dionysius Halicarnassus, 2, 26); μοιχᾶσθαι, Mk 10:11; τολμᾶν, 2 Cor 10:2; βρύχειν ὀδόντας, Acts 7:54. γγ. of that to which one refers in writing or speaking (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50 l. d.): after λέγειν, Heb 7:13; ὁ οὖν μακαρισμός... ἀκροβυστίαν, namely, λέγεται (Winers Grammar, 587 (546), cf. Buttmann, 394 (338)), Rom 4:9; προφητεία, 1 Tim 1:18; on Mk 9:12f see γράφω, 2 c. δδ. upon, i. e. in reference to; for: after βάλλειν κλῆρον, Mk 15:24; Jn 19:24; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 686 (who compares Psalm 21:19, and remarks that an Attic writer would have said ἐπί τίνι).
II. of Time (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 2);
1. of time during or for (`for the space of') which (German auf,während): ἐπί ἔτη τρία, Lk 4:25 (R G T WH marginal reading); ἐπί ἡμέρας πλείους, Acts 13:31; add also Acts 16:18; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:20; Acts 19:10; Heb 11:30, etc., and often in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1044 (Liddell and Scott, under the word C. II.); ἐφ' ὅσον χρόνον for so long time as, Rom 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1; and simply ἐφ' ὅσον as long as (differently in I. 2 d. above), Mt 9:15; 2 Pet 1:13; ἐφ' ἱκανόν long enough, for a considerable time, Acts 20:11; ἐπί πλεῖον somewhat long, too long (differently in I. 2 d. above): Acts 20:9 (not WH marginal reading, see as above); .
2. about, toward (German gegen): ἐπί τήν αὔριον on the morrow, Lk 10:35; Acts 4:5; ἐπί τήν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς, Acts 3:1; ἐπί τό πρωιMk 15:1</ref> (R G); rarely so in Greek writings, as Arrian exp. Al. 3, 18, 11 (7) ἐπί (others ὑπό) τήν ἕω.
D. In Composition ἐπί denotes:
1. continuance, rest, influence upon or over any person or thing: ἐπίγειος, ἐπουράνιος, ἐπιδημέω, ἀπαναπαύομαι, etc.
2. motion, approach, direction toward or to anything: ἐπακούω, ἐπιβοάω, ἐπιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω, etc.
3. imposition: ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιβαρέω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐπιρρίπτω, ἐπιτάσσω, etc.
4. accumulation, increase, addition: ἐπεισαγωγή, ἐπισυνάγω, ἐπισωρεύω, ἐπικαλέω (by a cognomen), etc.
5. repetition: ἐπαιτέω, ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω, etc.
6. up, upward: ἐπαίρω, ἐπανάγω, ἐπαφρίζω, etc.
7. against: ἐπιβουλή, ἐπανίστημι, ἐπίορκος, ἐπιορκέω, etc.
8. superintendence: ἐπιστάτης.
A. with the genitive (cf. Winers Grammar, § 47, g.; Buttmann, 336 (289));
I. of place; and
1. of the place on which;
a. upon the surface of (Latinin orsuper with the abl., German auf with the dative); after verbs of a biding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπί κλίνης, Mt 9:2; Lk 17:34; ἐπί τοῦ δώματος, Mt 24:17; Lk 17:31; ἐπ' ἐρημίας (cf. on a desert), Mk 8:4; ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν, Mt 24:30; Mt 26:64; ἐπί (τῆς) γῆς, Mt 6:10; Mt 9:6; Mt 23:9; Mt 28:18; Lk 21:25; Acts 2:19, and very often; ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης, on (the surface of) the sea, Mt 14:25 R G; 26 L T Tr WH; Mk 6:48 (49); Rev 5:13, and, according to the interpretations of many, Jn 6:19; but cf. Baumg.-Crusius at the passage (per contra, cf. Lücke at the passage; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited) (Job 9:8; βαδίζειν ἐφ' ὕδατος, Lcian. philops. 13; ἐπί τοῦ πελαγους διαθεοντες, v. h. 2, 4; (Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 3, 16); on a different sense of the phrase ἐπί γῆς θαλάσσης see 2 a. below (Winer's Grammar, 374 (351))); ποιεῖν σημεῖα ἐπί τῶν ἀσθενούντων, to be seen upon the bodies of men, externally, (on the sick (cf. Winer's Grammar, 375 (351))), Jn 6:2; ἐκάθισα and κάθημαι (καθέζομαι) ἐπί, Mt 19:28; Mt 23:2; Mt 24:3; Mt 25:31; Mt 27:19; Jn 19:13; Acts 20:9; Rev 9:17, etc.; ἔστην, ἕστηκα ἐπί, Lk 6:17; Acts 21:40; Rev 10:5, Rev 10:8; where parts of the body are spoken of: ἐπί χειρῶν, Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11; ἐπί τῆς κεφαλῆς, Jn 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rev 10:1 R G (others, accusative); ; σινδόνα ἐπί γυμνοῦ, Mk 14:51; ἐπί τοῦ μετώπου (or μετώπων), Rev 7:3; Rev 9:4; Rev 13:16 (Rec., others, accusative); Rev 14:9.
b. Like the preposition ἐν (see the exposition under the word ἐν, I. 7, p. 212{a}), so also ἐπί with the genitive is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion; thus after βάλλειν, Mk 4:26; Mt 26:12; σπείρειν, Mk 4:31; τιθέναι, Jn 19:19; Acts 5:15; (Lk 8:16 L T Tr WH); ἐπιτιθεναι, Lk 8:16 (R G); καθιεναι, Acts 10:11; πίπτειν, Mk 9:20; Mk 14:35; ἐπιγράφειν, Heb 10:16 R G; ἑλκύειν, Jn 21:11 R G; ἔρχεσθαι, Heb 6:7; Rev 3:10; (anatellein], Lk 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH); γενόμενος ἐπί τοῦ τόπου (cf. our having arrived on the spot), Lk 22:40 (cf. Winer's Grammar, p. 376 (352) and see below, C. I. 1 b. at the end). κρεμαν τινα ἐπί (Hebrew עַל תָּלָה, Gen 40:19; Deut 21:22, etc.), for which the Latin hassuspendereex,de,a, andalicui, Acts 5:30; Acts 10:39; Gal 3:13.
c. figuratively used of that upon which anything rests (like our upon) (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289); Ellicott on 1 Timothy as below): ἵνα σταθῇ ἐπί στόματος etc. (עַל־פִּי יָקוּם, Deut 19:15), resting on the declaration, etc., Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1; more simply ἐπί μαρτύρων, 1 Tim 5:19; in the adverb phrase ἐπ' ἀληθείας (on the ground of truth), see ἀλήθεια, I. 1. (c. akin is its use (with a personal or a reflexive pronoun) to denote dependence, as in λογιζέσθω ἐφ' (others ἀφ' which see II. 2 d. aa.) ἑαυτοῦ, 2 Cor 10:7 T Tr WH (for himself, i. e. apart from and independently of others; R. V. with himself); cf. Kühner, 2:432; Liddell and Scott, under the word A. I. 1 d.)
d. figuratively used of things, affairs, persons, which one is set over, over which he exercises power; Latinsupra, our over (cf. below, B. 2 b. and C. I. 2 e.): ἐπί πάντων, Rom 9:5; Eph 4:6 (where ἐπί, διά and ἐν are distinguished); καθίστημι τινα ἐπί τίνος, Mt 24:45; Mt 25:21, Mt 25:23; Lk 12:42; Acts 6:3 (Gen 39:4, Gen 39:5; Gen 39:1 Macc. 6:14 1 Macc. 10:37, etc.; Plato, rep. 5, p. 460 b., etc.); δίδωμι τίνι ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Rev 2:26; ἔχω ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τίνος, Rev 20:6; βασιλεύειν ἐπί τίνος, Mt 2:22 R G Tr brackets; Rev 5:10; ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ βασιλέα, Rev 9:11; ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐπί τῶν βασιλέων, Rev 17:18; ὅς ἦν ἐπ' τῆς γάζης, who was over the treasury, Acts 8:27; ὁ ἐπί τοῦ κοιτῶνος, he who presided over the bedchamber, the chamberlain, Acts 12:20 (Passow, i., 2, p. 1035a gives many examples from Greek authors (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word A. III. 1; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word); for examples from the O. T. Apocrypha see Wahl, Clavis Apocr., p. 218a).
e. of that to which the mental act looks or refers: λέγειν ἐπί τίνος, to speak upon (of) a thing, Gal 3:16 (Plato, Charm., p. 155 d.; legg. 2, p. 662 d.; Aelian v. h. 1, 30;scriberesuperre, Cicero, ad Att. 16, 6;dissereresuper, Tacitus, ann. 6, 28; cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (351); (Buttmann, 336 (289))).
f. of one on whom an obligation has been laid: εὐχήν ἔχειν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ, have (taken) on themselves a vow, have bound themselves by a vow, Acts 21:23 (WH text ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν (see ἀπό, II. 2 d. aa.)).
2. used of vicinity, i. e. of the place at, near, hard by, which (German bei,an);
a. properly, κόλπος ὁ ἐπί ποσιδηιου, Herodotus 7, 115; ἐπί τῶν θυρῶν (Acts 5:23 L T Tr WH) (1 Macc. 1:55; (Plutarch, G. Gracch. 14, 3, p. 841 c.)); cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1366 § 584; Passow, under the word, p. 1034b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, I. 1 a., at the end). But the examples of this signification adduced from the N. T. (with the exception of Acts, the passage cited) (and most of those from Greek authors also) are such as to allow the rendering of ἐπί by super also, over or above (so Winer's Grammar, 374f (351)): ἐπί τῆς θαλάσσης at the sea, upon the shore, or above the sea, for the shore overhung the sea, Jn 6:19 (?(cf. 1 a. above)); (Ex 14:2; Deut 1:40; Deut 1:1 Macc. 14:34 1 Macc. 15:11; Polybius 1, 44, 4; cf. the FrenchBoulognesurmer,ChalonssurMarne (English Stratford on Avon), etc.; ἐπί τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ezek 1:1; (Xenophon, an. 4, 3, 28); ἐπί τοῦ Ιορδάνου, 2 Kgs 2:7); ἐσθίειν ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης τίνος (German überJemandsTischeessen (cf. English over one's food, over one's cups, etc.)), food and drink placed upon the table, Lk 22:30 cf. Lk 22:21; συκῆν ἐπί τῆς ὁδοῦ, a fig tree above (i. e. higher than) the way, Mt 21:19.
b. before, with the genitive of a person, in the presence of one as spectator, or auditor (Winers Grammar, 375 (351); Buttmann, 336 (289)): Mt 28:14 (L Tr WH marginal reading ὑπό); Mk 13:9; Acts 24:19, Acts 24:20; Acts 25:9; Acts 26:2; 1 Cor 6:1, 1 Cor 6:6; 2 Cor 7:14; 1 Tim 6:13 (some bring this under II. below; see μαρτυρέω); ἐπί τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος, Acts 25:10.
c. ἐπί τοῦ (Rec. τῆς) βάτου at the bush, i. e. at the place in the sacred volume where the bush is spoken of, Mk 12:26 (see ἐν, I. 1 d.).
II. of Time when; with the genitive of a person in the time or age of a man (in the days of); at the time when an office was held by one; under the administration of (cf. Winers Grammar, 375 (352); Buttmann, 336 (289)): Mk 2:26; Lk 3:2; Lk 4:2; Acts 11:28; (1 Macc. 13:42 1 Macc. 14:27 (for other examples in which this phrase is equivalent to in or of the reign etc. of, and is preceded by a specification of the year etc., see B. D. American edition, p. 651 note{b}); 2 Macc. 8:19 2Macc. 15:22; for numerous examples from Greek writings see Passow, i., 2, p. 1035, floss fully in Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. II.)). with the genitive of a tiring, at the time of any occurrence: ἐπί τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος, at the time of the deportation to Babylon, Mt 1:11; (on Lk 12:54 T Tr marginal reading WH see δυσμή); of the time when any occupation is (or was) carried on: ἐπί τῶν προσευχῶν μου, Latin in precibus meis, at my prayers, when I am praying, Rom 1:10 (9); Eph 1:16; 1 Thess 1:2; Phm 1:4. of time itself, ἐπ' ἐσχάτων and (according to another reading) ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν (literally, at the end of the days): 2 Pet 3:3; Heb 1:2 (1) (for the Hebrew הַיָמִים בְּאַחֲרִית, Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Jeremiah 37:24; Mic 4:1; Dan 10:14); ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου, Jude 1:18 L T Tr WH; (τῶν χρόνων, 1 Pet 1:20 L T Tr WH).
B. with the dative, used of place (Winers Grammar, 392f (366f); Buttmann, 336f (289f)); and
1. properly;
a. of the place where or in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the dative) (English on, etc.), where continuance, position, situation, etc., are spoken of: ἐφ' ᾧ (L text T Tr WH ὅπου) κατέκειτο, Mk 2:4; λίθος ἐπί λίθῳ (λίθον T Tr WH), Mk 13:2; ἐπί πίνακι, Mt 14:8, Mt 14:11; Mk 6:25; ἐπί τοῦ κραββάτοις, Mk 6:55; ἀνακλῖναι πάντας ἐπί τῷ χόρτῳ, Mk 6:39; ἐπέκειτο ἐπ' αὐτῷ, lay upon it, Jn 11:38; ἐφ' ἵπποις, Rev 19:14.
b. of the place in which (Latinin with the abl., German auf with the accusative), after verbs expressing motion toward a place, to denote a remaining in the place after the motion (English upon, at, etc.): βάλλειν λίθον ἐπιτινι, the dative of person, Jn 8:7 Rec.; οἰκοδομεῖν, Mt 16:18; ἐποικοδόμειν, Eph 2:20; ἐπιβάλλειν, Mt 9:16 (Lk 5:36 ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τί); ἐπιρράπτειν, Mk 2:21 (where L T Tr WH have ἐπί with the accusative); ἐπιπίπτειν, Acts 8:16.
c. of the place above which (Latinsuper, German über (English over)): ἐπ' αὐτῷ, over his head, Lk 23:38 (for which Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).
d. of the place at, or by, or near which: ἐπί θύραις and ἐπί τῇ θύρα, Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Acts 5:9 (and often in Greek writings; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1037a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 a.; cf. A. I. 2 a. above)); ἐπί τῇ προβατικῇ, Jn 5:2; ἐπί τῷ ποταμῷ, Rev 9:14; ἐπί τῇ στοά, Acts 3:11; ἐπ' (L T Tr WH παῥ) αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι, Acts 28:14.
2. Metaphorically;
a. of that upon which any action, effect, condition, rests as a basis or support; properly, upon the ground of; and α. of that upon which anything is sustained or upheld: ζῆν ἐπί τίνι, to sustain life on (by) a thing, Mt 4:4 (where L Tr, the second time, ἐν; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 389 (364) note)); Lk 4:4 (Deut 8:3 for עַל חָיָה; Plato, Alcib. 1, p. 105 c.; Plutarch, de cup. divit. 7, p. 526 d.; Alciphron, epistles 3, 7, etc.); συνιέναι ἐπί τοῖς ἄρτοις, to understand by reasoning built upon the loaves, Mk 6:52 (cf. Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290)). β. of that upon which anything rests (our upon): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι (see in ἐλπίς, 2), supported by hope, in hope (cf; Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2f.), Acts 2:26; Rom 4:18; 1 Cor 9:10 (differently in ε. below); to do anything ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, relying upon the name i. e. the authority of anyone (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)): ἐλεύσονται ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, appropriating to themselves the name of Messiah, which belongs to me, Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (in which passage λέγοντες, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Χριστός is added by way of explanation); βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπί (L Tr WH ἐν) τῷ ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ, so as to repose your hope and confidence in his Messianic authority, Acts 2:38; δέχεσθαι τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, to receive one because he bears my name, is devoted to my authority and instruction, Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. to do anything upon the name of Christ, his name being introduced, appeal being made to his authority and command: as κηρύσσειν, διδάσκειν, etc., Lk 24:47; Acts 4:17, Acts 4:18; Acts 5:28, Acts 5:40; δύναμιν ποιεῖν, δαιμόνια ἐκβάλλειν, using his name as a formula of exorcism (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (367)), Mk 9:39; Lk 9:49 (WH Tr marginal reading ἐν). γ. of that upon which as a foundation any superstructure is reared: νομοθετεῖσθαι, Heb 7:11 (ἐπ' αὐτῇ, for which L T Tr WH have ἐπ' αὐτῆς); ; after verbs of trusting, believing, hoping, etc.: ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐπί τίνι, 3 Jn 1:10; παρρησιάζεσθαι, Acts 14:3; πεποιθέναι, Mt 27:43 L text WH marginal reading; Lk 11:22; Lk 18:9; Mk 10:24 (T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); 2 Cor 1:9; Heb 2:13; πιστεύειν, Lk 24:25; Rom 9:33; Rom 10:11, etc.; ἐλπίζειν (see ἐλπίζω) (cf. C. I. 2 g. α. below). δ. of the reason or motive underlying words and deeds, so that ἐπί is equivalent to for, on account of (Winers Grammar, 394 (368); Buttmann, 337 (290)): Mt 19:9 R G T Tr WH text; Lk 5:5 (ἐπί τῷ ῤήματι σου, at thy word, German auf; (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, c. d.; in reliance on)); Acts 3:16 (WH omit); Acts 4:9; (L Tr marginal reading have the genitive); ; 1 Cor 8:11 (ἀπολλυσθαι ἐπί τίνι, German zuGrundegehenüber etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368) note, but L T Tr WH read ἐν)); Phm 3:9; after αἰνεῖν, Lk 2:20; δοξάζειν, Acts 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 381 (357)); μαρτυρεῖν, Heb 11:4; εὐχαριστεῖν etc. to give thanks for, 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 9:15; Phm 1:5; 1 Thess 3:9. ἐφ' ᾧ (equivalent to ἐπί τούτῳ, ὅτι for that, on the ground of this, that) because that, because, Rom 5:12 (on the various interpretations of this passage see Dietzsch, Adam und Christus. Bonn 1871, p. 50ff); 2 Cor 5:4 (Rec.st ἐπειδή); Phm 3:12 (ἐφ' ᾧ — ὁ σατανᾶς — οὐκ ἴσχυσε θανατῶσαι αὐτούς, Theophilus of Antioch ad Antol. 2, 29, p. 138, Otto edition; ἐφ' ᾧ Γενναδιον ἔγραψεν, for the reason that he had accused Gennadius, Synes. epistle 73; cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 710; the better Greeks commonly used ἐφ' οἷς in the same sense, cf. Winers Grammar, 394 (368); (Fritzsche or Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Philippians, the passage cited)). Used especially after verbs signifying a mental affection or emotion, where we also often say over (for examples from Greek writings see Passow, i. 2, p. 1039b; Krüger, § 68, 41, 6; (cf. Winers Grammar, 393 (368)
c.)): as ἀγαλλιαν, Lk 1:47; χαίρειν, Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; Lk 13:17; Rom 16:19, etc.; χαρά ἔσται, Lk 15:7; χαράν (Rec. χάριν) ἔχω, Phm 1:7; παρακαλεῖν, παρακαλεῖσθαι, 2 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 7:13; 1 Thess 3:7; κλαίειν, Lk 19:41 R G; κοπετόν ποιεῖν, Acts 8:2; κόπτεσθαι, Rev 18:9 (T Tr WH text the accusative); ὀδύνασθαι, Acts 20:38; ὀλολύζειν, Jas 5:1; στυγνάζειν, Mk 10:22; συλλυπεῖσθαι, Mk 3:5; μετανοεῖν ἐπί, to grieve over, repent of, 2 Cor 12:21; σπλαγχνίζεσθαι, Mt 14:14 G L T Tr WH; Mk 6:34 R G; Lk 7:13 (Tdf. the accusative); μακροθύμειν, Mt 18:26 (Tr the accusative), 29 (L Tr the accusative); Lk 18:7 (see μακροθυμέω, 2); Jas 5:7; ὀργίζεσθαι, Rev 12:17 (Lachmann omits ἐπἰ; ἐκπλήσσεσθαι, Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Acts 13:12; διαταράσσεσθαι, Lk 1:29; ἐξίστασθαι, Lk 2:47; θαμβεῖσθαι, Mk 10:24; θάμβος, Lk 5:9; Acts 3:10; θαυμάζειν, Mk 12:17; Lk 2:33; Lk 4:22; Lk 9:43; Lk 20:26; Acts 3:12; καυχᾶσθαι, Rom 5:2; ἐπαισχύνεσθαι, Rom 6:21; παραζηλουν and παροργίζειν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Rom 10:19. ε. of the rule, or condition (Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
d.): ἐπ' ἐλπίδι, a hope being held out or given, Rom 8:20; Tit 1:2 (differently in β. above); ἐπί δυσίν... μάρτυσιν, on condition that two witnesses testify to the matter in question (at (the mouth of) two etc.; cf. Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)), Heb 10:28; ἐπί νεκροῖς, equivalent to ὄντων νεκρῶν (in the case of the dead), if anyone has died, Heb 9:17. ζ. of the purpose and end (unto, for; Winers Grammar, 394 (368)
e.): ἐπ' ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ, to worship and profess his name, Acts 15:14 Rec.; καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τίνι, Latinadaliquid, Gal 5:13; 1 Thess 4:7 (ἐπί ξένια, Xenophon, an. 7, 6, 3; cf. Winer's Grammar, as above); κτισθεντε ἐπί ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς, Eph 2:10; φρονεῖν ἐπί τίνι to take thought for a thing, Phm 4:10; ἐφ' ᾧ (by a later Greek impropriety for ἐπί τίνι, cf. Winers Grammar, § 24, 4; (Buttmann, § 139, 59; but on the extreme doubtfulness of this alleged use of ὅς in direct questions, see present T. D. Woolsey in the Bibliotheca Sacra for Apr. 1874, p. 314ff)) πάρει; for what purpose art thou come? Vulg.adquid (others,quod)venisti? Mt 26:50 R (but G L T Tr WH ἐφ' ὁ, see C. I. 2 g. γ. αα. below) (Theoph. ἐπί ποιῶ σκόπω; cf. Herodotus 7, 146 πυθόμενος, ἐπ' ὁισι ἦλθον; (but the view of many ancient expositors which explains the passage by an aposiopesis: that for which thou hast come — do is thoroughly established by Dr. Woolsey, as above)). of the issue or undesigned result: λογομαχεῖν ἐπί καταστροφή τῶν ἀκουόντων, 2 Tim 2:14; (τοῖς ἐπί ὠφέλεια πεποιημενοις ἐπί βλάβη χρῆσθαι, Xenophon, mem. 2, 3, 19). εε. of the pattern or standard (A. V. after; Winer's Grammar, 394 (368) f.): καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι τίνος, to call one after the name of another, Lk 1:59 (Neh 7:63 (Winer's Grammar, 410 (382))); ἐπί τῷ ὁμοιώματι τίνος after the likeness of a thing, Rom 5:14.
b. of that over which one is placed, for its care or administration: ἐπί τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι τινα καθιστάναι, Lk 12:44 (cf. A. I. 1 d. above (also C. I. 2 e. below); Lob. ad Phryn., p. 474f; Bernhardy (1829), p. 249; (Winers Grammar, 393 (367)
a.)).
e. used of a hostile aim, against (for examples from Greek writings from Homer down, see Passow, i. 2, p. 1036a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 1 c.; Winers Grammar, 392 (367); Buttmann, 337 (290))): Lk 12:52f; θλῖψις γενομένη ἐπί Στεφάνῳ (Στεφάνου, L Tr marginal reading), Acts 11:19 (A. V. about).
d. of that to which anything is added (so that it is, as it were, upon it); in addition to; over and above (Winers Grammar, 393 (367f)
b.): 2 Cor 7:13 (L T Tr WH ἐπί δέ τῇ παρακλήσει ὑμῶν (but L T Tr WH ἡμῶν) περισσοτέρως κτλ., but in addition to the comfort given (us) by you, we rejoiced the more exceedingly etc. (A. V. in etc. (of condition))); κερδαίνειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Mt 25:20, Mt 25:22 R G; ἔχειν λύπην ἐπί λύπη, Phm 2:27 Rec. (Euripides, Iph. T. 197 φόνος ἐπί φόνῳ, Troad. 596 ἐπί δ' ἀλγεσιν ἀλγεα, Sophocles O. C. 544 ἐπί νόσῳ νόσον; (cf. Meyer on Philippians, the passage cited; but G L T Tr WH give the accusative, see C. I. 2 e. below)); προστιθεναι ἐπί, Lk 3:20; ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις, besides all this, Lk 16:26 (L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH ἐν; see ἐν, I. 5 e., p. 211a); Eph 6:16 (L text T Tr WH ἐν (and there is no τούτοις); see ἐν, as above); Col 3:14 (Sir. 37:15; 1 Macc. 10:42; (classic examples in Wetstein (1752) on Luke, the passage cited)); add also Heb 8:1 (see Lünem. at the passage); Heb 9:10; 1 Cor 14:16.
e. of that which is connected as an adjunct (especially of time) with the principal matter under consideration (in German generallybei, i. e. at, on, etc.) (Winer's Grammar, 392 (367)): ἐυχαριστο τῷ Θεῷ μου ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ μνεία ὑμῶν, at every mention of you, as often as I call you to mind, Phm 1:3 (but see Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot at the passage, and under the word πᾶς, I. 2); σπένδομαι ἐπί τῇ θυσία, while engaged in (busied over) the sacrifice, Phm 2:17; ἐπί συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων, Heb 9:26; ἐπί τῇ πρώτη διαθήκη, Phm 2:15; σπείρειν and θερίζειν ἐπ' εὐλογίαις, so that blessings attend, i. e. bountifully, freely, 2 Cor 9:6; ἐπί πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκη, 1 Thess 3:7; ἐπί τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν while your anger lasts, Eph 4:26; ἐπί τούτῳ meanwhile, i. e. while this was going on ((?), upon this), Jn 4:27.
f. of the object of an action, and α. where the German usesan (English on (nearly equivalent to to)): πράσσειν τί ἐπί τίνι, Acts 5:35 (like δραν τί ἐπί τίνι, Herodotus 3, 14; Aelian n. an. 11, 11); cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 250 bottom; (but see Buttmann, 337 (290)); ὁ γέγονεν ἐπ' αὐτῇ, Mk 5:33 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἐπί); ἀναπληροῦσθαι, Mt 13:14 Rec. β. where the German saysüber, (English upon, of, concerning), after verbs of writing, speaking, thinking: γεγραμμένα ἐπ' αὐτῷ, Jn 12:16 (Herodotus 1, 66); προφητεύειν, Rev 10:11; μαρτυρεῖν, R G T Tr text WH text (see μαρτυρέω, a.) (δόξα ἐπί τῇ εὐσέβεια, an opinion about, on, piety, 4 Macc. 5:17 (18)).
C. with the accusative (Winers Grammar, § 49,1.; Buttmann, 337f (290f));
I. of place;
1. properly;
a. of the place above, over, which, our up on, on to: after verbs signifying motion and continuance, ἐλθεῖν, περιπατεῖν ἐπί τά ὕδατα, Mt 14:28f; ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, Mt 14:25 L T Tr WH, 26 R G (πλεῖν ἐπί Πόντον, Homer, Odyssey 1, 183); ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπί τήν γῆν, Mt 15:35; ἐπί τό στῆθος τίνος, Jn 21:20; ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπί τούς χόρτους, Mt 14:19 R G; κατοικεῖν ἐπί πᾶν τό πρόσωπον (L T Tr WH παντός προσώπου (cf. πᾶς, I. 1 c.)) τῆς γῆς, Acts 17:26; καθῆσθαι, Lk 21:35; ἦλθε λιμός ἐφ' ὅλην τήν γῆν, Acts 7:11; σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπί πᾶσαν τήν γῆν, Mt 27:45. over i. e. along: εἱστήκει ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν, Mt 13:2 (Winers Grammar, 408 (380); differently in d. below).
b. of motion to a place whose surface is occupied or touched (German auf with the accusative), upon, unto, etc.; after verbs of going, coming, ascending, descending, falling, etc.: πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τήν ὁδόν, Acts 8:26; Acts 9:11; ἐπί τάς διεξόδους, Mt 22:9; προέρχεσθαι, Acts 20:13 (here Tr WH marginal reading προσέρχεσθαι); φεύγειν, Mt 24:16 (where L Tr WH text εἰς); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Lk 8:27; ἐξιέναι, Acts 27:43; ἐπιβαίνειν, Mt 21:5; ἀναβαίνειν, Lk 5:19; Lk 19:4; Acts 10:9; Rev 20:9; καταβαίνειν, Lk 22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Rev 16:21; ἀπέρχεσθαι, Lk 23:33 (L Tr WH ἔρχεσθαι); πίπτειν ἐπί τούς πόδας, Acts 10:25; ἐπί πρόσωπον, to fall upon the face, Mt 17:6; Mt 26:39; Lk 5:12; Lk 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rev 7:11. After verbs of placing, leading, bringing, building, laying, throwing, etc.: τιθέναι, Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; ἐπιτιθεναι, Mt 23:4; Lk 15:5; Acts 15:10, etc.; τιθέναι τά γόνατα ἐπί, Acts 21:5; οἰκοδομεῖν, Mt 7:24, Mt 7:26; Lk 6:49; Rom 15:20; ἐποικοδόμειν, 1 Cor 3:12; θεμελιοῦν, Lk 6:48; βάλλειν, Jn 8:59; Rev 2:24; Rev 14:16; Rev 18:19; ἐπιβάλλειν, Lk 5:36 (ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπί τίνι, Mt 9:16); ἐπιβάλλειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί τινα, Mt 26:50, etc. (see ἐπιβάλλω, 1 a.); ἐπιρρίπτειν, Lk 19:35 and tropically 1 Pet 5:7; ῥαπίζειν, Mt 5:39 (L T Tr text WH εἰς); τύπτειν, Lk 6:29 (Tdf. εἰς); ἀναβιβάζειν, Mt 13:48 (not Lachmann text); ἐπιβιβάζειν, Lk 10:34; κατάγειν, Lk 5:11; σωρεύειν, Rom 12:20; διδόναι, Lk 7:44; Lk 19:23; Rev 8:3; ἀναφέρειν, 1 Pet 2:24; κρεμαν, Mt 18:6 (L T Tr WH περί); γράφειν, Rev 2:17; Rev 3:12; Rev 19:16; ἐπιγράφειν, Heb 8:10. After verbs which include another verb signifying motion, or transfer, or entrance into (where German usesauf orüber; our on, to, etc.): ἀνατέλλειν, Mt 5:45; βρέχειν, ibid.; πνεηιν, Rev 7:1 (here we see the difference between ἐπί with the genitive to blow over a thing, German über, and ἐπί with the according to blow on a thing, to come blowing upon it, German einenanwehen,wehendaufeinenkommen); (apparently nearly the same view of the distinction between the cases is take, by Thiersch § 274, 6; Hermann on Euripides, Alcest. 845. But Krüger (sec. 68, 40, 3), Kühner, (ii. § 438, L 1 b.), others, regard ἐπί with the accusative as denoting merely movement toward a place, while ἐπί with the genitive involves the idea of actual or intended arrival; cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 1. Still others hold the two expressions to be substantially synonymous: e. g. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 147 (p. 417 English translation); Matthiae, § 584; Passow, p. 1034a; — especially in the N. T., see Winers Grammar, 409f (382); 408 (381) note; Buttmann, 338 (291). On the variations of case with this preposition in the Rev. cf. Alford on ); διασωθῆναι ἐπί τήν γῆν, Acts 27:44.
c. It is used of persons over whom anything is done, that thereby some benefit may accrue to them (German über with the dative) (Winer's Grammar, 408 (381) note): ὀνομάζειν τό ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐπί τινα, to name the name of Jesus (as a spell, a magic formula) over one, namely, that help may come to him from that name, Acts 19:13; προσεύχεσθαι ἐπί τινα, Jas 5:14.
d. As εἰς (which see C. 2, p. 186a), so ἐπί also stands after verbs of rest and continuance (Buttmann, 337f (290f); Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:1): καθεύδειν ἐπί τί, Mk 4:38; στῆναι, Rev 11:11; σταθῆναι ἐπί τί, Revelation 12:18 (Rev 13:1); ἑστηκεναι, Jn 21:4 (ἐπί τόν αἰγιαλόν L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; otherwise where many are spoken of; see a. at the end, above); Rev 14:1; καθῆσθαι, Jn 12:15; Rev 4:4; Rev 6:2 (Rec. dative); Rev 11:16; Rev 14:14, Rev 14:16 (L T Tr WH text genitive); Rev 17:3; ; κεκαθικεναι, καθίσαι, Mk 11:2; Lk 19:30; Jn 12:14; Rev 20:4; καθίσεσθαι, Mt 19:28; σκηνουν, Rev 7:15; κεῖσθαι, 2 Cor 3:15; κατακεῖσθαι, Lk 5:25 T Tr WH; εἶναι ἐπί τό αὐτό, to be together, assembled, in the same place: Lk 17:35; Acts 1:15; Acts 2:1, Acts 2:44 — to come together, of sexual intercourse, 1 Cor 7:5 G L T Tr WH; συνελθεῖν ἐπί τό αὐτό have convened, come together, to the same place, 1 Cor 14:23 (L text ἐλθεῖν); simply ἐπί τό αὐτό namely, ὄντες, together, Acts 3:1 (but L T Tr WH (so R. V.) connect ἐπί τήν α. here with Acts 2:47); 2 Sam 2:13 (cf. Buttmann, 338 (291)).
e. used of motion or arrival into the vicinity of a place (not to the place itself); near; to, as far as; (German an,bei,zu,hin...zu): ἐπί τό μνημεῖον (or μνῆμα), Mk 16:2; Lk 24:12 (L Tr brackets; T omits; WH reject the verse), 22,24; ἐπί τούς ἀναβαθμούς, Acts 21:35; ἔρχεσθαι ἐπί τί ὕδωρ, Acts 8:36; ἐπί τήν πύλην, Acts 12:10; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί τόν πυλῶνα, Acts 10:17; καταβαίνειν ἐπί τήν θάλασσαν, Jn 6:16, etc., etc.; with the accusative of a person to, near to one: Jn 19:33; Acts 25:12; 2 Thess 2:1; Rev 16:14; especially to judges, kings, etc., equivalent to to their tribunal: Mt 10:18; Lk 12:58; Lk 21:12; Lk 23:1; Acts 9:21; Acts 16:19. also in pregnant construction after verbs of sitting, standing, etc.: καθῆσθαι ἐπί τό τελώνιον, Mt 9:9; Mk 2:14; ἑστηκεναι ἐπί, Rev 3:20; Rev 15:2; ἐπιστηναι ἐπί, Acts 10:17; Acts 11:11; ἐπί τήν δεξιάν on the right hand, Rev 5:1.
f. of mere direction toward a terminus (so that the terminus itself is not reached): πορεύεσθαι ἐπί τό ἀπολωλός, to recover it (where we say after), Lk 15:4; ἐκτείνειν τάς χεῖρας ἐπί, against one, to take him, Lk 22:53; toward one, in pointing him out, Mt 12:49; ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐπί λῃστήν, to take a robber, Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52, cf. Lk 14:31.
2. It is used metaphorically,
a. with the accusative of a person after verbs of coming, falling, bringing, etc. α. of evils befalling (falling 'upon') one, and of perturbations coming upon the mind: τό αἷμα τίνος (the penalty for slaying him) ἥκει or ἔρχεται ἐπί τινα, Mt 23:35; Mt 27:25; ἐπάγειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐπί τινα, Acts 5:28; ἔρχεσθαι and ἥκειν ἐπί τινα, of other evils, Jn 18:4; Eph 5:6; Rev 3:3; after γίνεσθαι, Lk 1:65; Lk 4:36; Acts 5:5; ἐπέρχεσθαι (ἐπεισέρχεσθαι L T Tr WH), Lk 21:35; ἐπιπίπτειν, Lk 1:12; Acts 13:11 (L T Tr WH πίπτειν); (L Tr πίπτειν); Rom 15:3 (from Ps 68:10); Rev 11:11 (Rec. πίπτειν); ἐπιστηναι, Lk 21:34. β. of blessings coming upon one: after ἐρχεσται, Mt 10:13; ἐπιπίπτειν, of a trance, Acts 10:10 (L T Tr WH γίνεσθαι); ἐπισκηνουν, 2 Cor 12:9; ἔφθασεν and ἤγγικεν, ἐφ' ὑμᾶς (upon you namely, from heaven (cf. Winer's Grammar, 407 (380) note)) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, Mt 12:28; Lk 10:9; Lk 11:20. the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα ἐκχεῖσθαι, Acts 2:17; Acts 10:45; Tit 3:6; at another, ἀποστέλλεσθαι (or ἐξαποστέλλεσθαι T Tr WH), Lk 24:49; again, ἐπέρχεσθαι, Acts 1:8; once more, καταβαίνειν, Mk 1:10 (L text T Tr WH εἰς); Lk 3:22; Jn 1:33; ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπί τινα, Acts 1:26; after words of rest and continuance: χάρις ἦν ἐπί τινα, Lk 2:40; Acts 4:33; ἐπαναπαύεσθαι, Lk 10:6; the Holy Spirit is said at one time ἐπί τινα μένειν, descending upon one to remain on him, Jn 1:32f (Buttmann, 338 (291)); and again ἀναπαύεσθαι, 1 Pet 4:14.
b. of one upon whom anything is imposed, as a burden, office, duty, etc.: τήν μέριμναν ἐπιρρίπτειν ἐπί Θεόν, 1 Pet 5:7; συντελεῖν διαθήκην ἐπί τινα, to put a covenant UPON one, to be kept by him, Heb 8:8, (in Ps 82:6 פ עַל בְּרִית כָּרַת... is to make a covenant AGAINST one).
c. of that to which anything is added (English upon (nearly equivalent to after)): λύπη ἐπί λύπην, Phm 2:27 G L T Tr WH (Ps 68:27; Ezek 7:26; (especially Isa 28:10, Isa 28:13; cf. Latinsuper in Livy 1, 50; 22, 54 etc.); see above, B. 2 d.); (so some take οἶκος ἐπ' οἶκον, Lk 11:17, Buttmann, 338 (291); see οἶκος, 2); ἐπικάλειν ὄνομα ἐπί τινα (see ἐπικαλέω, 2 (and Buttmann, 338 (291))), to call (put) a name upon one, Acts 15:17; Jas 2:7.
d. of the number or degree reached; Latinusquead (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50:3 a.): ἐπί σταδίους δώδεκα, Rev 21:16 (Rst T Tr WH text, genitive) (Xenophon, mem. 1, 4, 17; an. 1, 7, 15; Polybius 3, 54, 7; Song of the Three 23); ἐπί τρίς, Vulg.perter, for three times, thrice: Acts 10:16; Acts 11:10 (so εἰς τρίς, Herodotus 1, 86; Xenophon, an. 6, 4, 16. 19; Cyril 7, 1, 4 etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 422 (394))); ἐπί πλεῖον more widely, to a greater degree, further, the more (differently below, II. 1): Acts 4:17; (Acts 20:9 WH marginal reading); 2 Tim 2:16; 2 Tim 3:9; ἐφ' ὅσον, forasmuch as, inasmuch as, (differently II. 1 below): Mt 25:40, Mt 25:45; Rom 11:13.
e. of care, power, control over anything (German über with the accusative) (Winer's Grammar, § 49, 1. 3 b.) (cf. above, A. I. 1 d. and B. 2 b.): βασιλεύειν ἐπί τινα (Hebrew עַל מָשַׁל), Lk 1:33; Lk 19:14, Lk 19:27; Rom 5:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπ' Αἴγυπτον, Acts 7:10; καθίστημι, Heb 2:7 R ((from Ps 8:7), L Tr WH brackets); ἐπί τόν οἶκον αὐτοῦ namely, ἐστι, Heb 3:6; ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπί τόν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ namely, καθεστηκοτα, Heb 10:21; κατιησταναι δικαστήν ἐπί, Lk 12:14 (ἄρχοντα, Xenophon, Cyril 4, 5 at the end); ἐξουσία, Lk 10:19; Rev 6:8; Rev 16:9; Rev 22:14; φυλάσσειν φυλακάς, Lk 2:8; of usurped dignity: ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐπί πάντα λεγόμενον Θεόν, 2 Thess 2:4 cf. Dan 11:36f (others refer the use in Thessalonians, the passage cited to g. γ. ββ. below). Akin to this is the expression πιστός ἐπί τί (because fidelity is as it were spread over the things intrusted to its care), Mt 25:21.
f. of the end which the mind reaches or to which it is led; Latinad, to, unto: ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐπί τινα, especially to God, Lk 1:17; Acts 9:35; Acts 11:21; Acts 14:15; Acts 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pet 2:25.
g. of direction toward a person or a thing; α. after verbs of trusting and hoping (German auf, upon; see above, B. 2 a. γ.): after ἐλπίζειν, 1 Pet 1:13; 1 Pet 3:5 R G; 1 Tim 5:5 (and often in the Sept.); πιστεύειν, Acts 9:42; Acts 11:17; Acts 16:31; Acts 22:19; Rom 4:24; πιστός, Heb 6:1; πεποιθέναι, Mt 27:43 (where L text WH marginal reading ἐπί with the dative).β. of the feelings, affections, emotions, German über, over: κόπτομαι, Rev 1:7; Rev 18:9 (R G L WH marginal reading with the dative); κλαίω, Lk 23:28; Rev 18:9; εὐφραίνεσθαι, Rev 18:20 (G L T Tr WH with the dative). unto, toward, Latinerga: σπλαγχνίζομαι, Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; Mk 9:22; (μακροθυμέω, Mt 18:26 Tr, 29 L Tr); χρηστός, Lk 6:35; χρηστότης, Rom 11:22; Eph 2:7. γ. of the direction of the will and action; αα. of purpose and end (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 3 d.): ἐπί τό βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ, to receive his baptism, Mt 3:7; ἐπί θεωρίαν ταύτην, Lk 23:48; ἐφ' ὁ πάρει, Mt 26:50 G L T Tr WH (see above, B. 2 a. ζ.); where aim and result coalesce: ἐπί τό συμφέρον, Heb 12:10. ββ. of things done with hostility; against: after ἀποτομία, Rom 11:22; ἀναστῆναι, Mk 3:26; ἐγείρεσθαι, Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10; ἐπεγείρειν διωγμόν, Acts 13:50; μερισθῆναι, Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f; ἐπαίρειν τί ἐπί, Jn 13:18; μάρτυρ, 2 Cor 1:23; μαρτύριον, Lk 9:5; ἀσχημονεῖν, 1 Cor 7:36 (εἰς τινα, Dionysius Halicarnassus, 2, 26); μοιχᾶσθαι, Mk 10:11; τολμᾶν, 2 Cor 10:2; βρύχειν ὀδόντας, Acts 7:54. γγ. of that to which one refers in writing or speaking (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49, 50 l. d.): after λέγειν, Heb 7:13; ὁ οὖν μακαρισμός... ἀκροβυστίαν, namely, λέγεται (Winers Grammar, 587 (546), cf. Buttmann, 394 (338)), Rom 4:9; προφητεία, 1 Tim 1:18; on Mk 9:12f see γράφω, 2 c. δδ. upon, i. e. in reference to; for: after βάλλειν κλῆρον, Mk 15:24; Jn 19:24; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 686 (who compares Psalm 21:19, and remarks that an Attic writer would have said ἐπί τίνι).
II. of Time (Winer's Grammar, § 49, l. 2);
1. of time during or for (`for the space of') which (German auf,während): ἐπί ἔτη τρία, Lk 4:25 (R G T WH marginal reading); ἐπί ἡμέρας πλείους, Acts 13:31; add also Acts 16:18; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:20; Acts 19:10; Heb 11:30, etc., and often in Greek writings from Homer down; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1044 (Liddell and Scott, under the word C. II.); ἐφ' ὅσον χρόνον for so long time as, Rom 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1; and simply ἐφ' ὅσον as long as (differently in I. 2 d. above), Mt 9:15; 2 Pet 1:13; ἐφ' ἱκανόν long enough, for a considerable time, Acts 20:11; ἐπί πλεῖον somewhat long, too long (differently in I. 2 d. above): Acts 20:9 (not WH marginal reading, see as above); .
2. about, toward (German gegen): ἐπί τήν αὔριον on the morrow, Lk 10:35; Acts 4:5; ἐπί τήν ὥραν τῆς προσευχῆς, Acts 3:1; ἐπί τό πρωιMk 15:1</ref> (R G); rarely so in Greek writings, as Arrian exp. Al. 3, 18, 11 (7) ἐπί (others ὑπό) τήν ἕω.
D. In Composition ἐπί denotes:
1. continuance, rest, influence upon or over any person or thing: ἐπίγειος, ἐπουράνιος, ἐπιδημέω, ἀπαναπαύομαι, etc.
2. motion, approach, direction toward or to anything: ἐπακούω, ἐπιβοάω, ἐπιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω, etc.
3. imposition: ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιβαρέω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐπιρρίπτω, ἐπιτάσσω, etc.
4. accumulation, increase, addition: ἐπεισαγωγή, ἐπισυνάγω, ἐπισωρεύω, ἐπικαλέω (by a cognomen), etc.
5. repetition: ἐπαιτέω, ἐπαναμιμνῄσκω, etc.
6. up, upward: ἐπαίρω, ἐπανάγω, ἐπαφρίζω, etc.
7. against: ἐπιβουλή, ἐπανίστημι, ἐπίορκος, ἐπιορκέω, etc.
8. superintendence: ἐπιστάτης.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
이 단어가 나오는 주제 연구 24개 항목
알 수 있음2회제어, 억제33회권한을 행사함1회역할이나 직무를 맡김1회다른 때와 관련된 시점: 전에, 오래전, 지금, 동시에, 그때, 무렵, 후에15회시점이나 시간 단위와 상관없는 기간: 시간, 시간을 보냄, 항상, 영원한, 오래됨, 곧, 젊음3회어떤 시간 단위와 관련된 기간: …동안, …에, …하는 사이, 내내26회…까지, …만큼, …할 정도로(범위가 정해진 정도)7회가운데, 사이, 안, 속3회곁, 옆, 가까이, 멀리23회앞, 마주 대함, 뒤19회위에, 표면에158회목적지까지의 범위105회근거19회원인, 이유56회목적11회추가5회행위자: 인격적이거나 비인격적, 사역적이거나 즉각적, 직접적이거나 간접적1회도구10회책임4회내용52회반대43회수혜9회경험자87회
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
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eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
성경전서 개역한글판 (대한성서공회, 1961)