eRhema Explore
Word

בָּגַד

bâgad · H898 · Hebrew · 51 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. to act unfaithfully, to be treacherous, to deal treacherously, to break faith, to betray

    Pattern of behavior by which humans act in a way which shows a lack of truthfulness and commitment, both in words and deeds

    Examples

    Exodus 21:8 “If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He does not have authority to sell her to a foreign people, because of his unfairness to her.

    Judges 9:23 Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem; and the leaders of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech,

    1 Samuel 14:33 Then observers informed Saul, saying, “Look, the people are sinning against the LORD by eating meat with the blood.” And he said, “You have acted treacherously; roll a large rock to me today.”

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

27 occurrences in 19 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

3 occurrences in 3 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

15 occurrences in 12 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

8 occurrences in 7 groups

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

2 occurrences in 2 groups

Named alongside itApposition

2 occurrences in 1 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

7 occurrences in 5 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

6 occurrences in 6 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 3 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

7 occurrences in 7 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 2 words
מָעַל mâʻal · H4603 · to commit a violation, to be unfaithful
Both words denote acts of unfaithfulness and transgression, in the sense of treachery and breach of trust.
שָׁקַר shâqar · H8266 · to act falsely, to act treacherously, to deceive
Both words denote deceptive or unfaithful conduct and could substitute in contexts of betrayal or false dealing.
In the other Testament 1 word
ἀθετέω athetéō · G114 · to not rely on, to set aside, to reject
Greek ἀθετέω emphasizes the act of setting aside or nullifying an obligation/covenant (formal violation), whereas Hebrew בָּגַד focuses on the relational betrayal and treachery inherent in faithlessness (relational breach).
Semantic domains 1 entry
Unfaithful002001002027
בָּגַד means to deal treacherously or unfaithfully, the act of betraying trust, as with Abimelech's leaders dealing treacherously with him and Israel acting treacherously by eating meat with blood.
Word family 4 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

בָּגַדbâgad · H898בֶּגֶד beged · H899 · cloth, covering, clothes · 215×בָּגוֹד bâgôwd · H901 · treacherous · 2×בֹּגְדוֹת bôgᵉdôwth · H900 · treachery · 1×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H898. bagad [בָּגַד] verb act or deal treacherously — Qal Perfect בָּֽגְדָה Jer 3:20 Jer…
H898. bagad
[בָּגַד] verb act or deal treacherously —
Qal Perfect בָּֽגְדָה Jer 3:20 Jer 3:14t.; Imperfect יִבְגֹּד Mal 2:15 Mal 2:5t.; נִבְגַּד Mal 2:10; Infinitive absolute בָּגוֺד Isa 48:8; Jer 5:11; construct בְּגֹד Isa 33:1; בִּגְדוֺ Exo 21:8; Participle בֹּגֵד Pro 22:12 Pro 22:11t.; בּוֺגֵד Isa 33:1 Isa 33:10t.; — act or deal treacherously, faithlessly, deceitfully, in the marriage relation, in matters of property or right, in covenants, in word and in General conduct.
a. absolute 1Sa 14:33; Job 6:15; Psa 78:57; Isa 24:16; Isa 33:1 (twice in verse); Isa 48:8; Mal 2:11. compare phrases נחל כמו בגדו אחי my brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook Job 6:15; בָּגָ֑דוּ בּוֺגְדִים וּבֶגֶד בָּנָ֑דוּ בֹּגְדִים the treacherous have dealt treacherously, yea in treachery have the treacherous dealt treacherously Isa 24:16 (striking alliteration); אָוֶן בֹּגְדֵי treacherous in wickedness Psa 59:6.
b. with בְּ Exo 21:8 (E), Jdg 9:23; Isa 33:1 (twice in verse); Jer 3:20; Jer 5:11; Jer 12:6; Lam 1:2; Hos 5:7; Hos 6:7; Mal 2:10, Mal 2:14, Mal 2:15, Mal 2:16.
c. with accusative Psa 73:15.
d. with מִן pregnant, מֵרֵעָהּ אִשָּׁה בָּֽגְדָה acteth treacherously (in departing) from her friend Jer 3:20. The participle is used Pro 2:22 Pro 2:8t., Psa 25:3; Psa 59:6; Psa 119:158; Isa 21:2; Isa 24:16 (twice in verse); Isa 33:1; Jer 3:8, Jer 3:11; Jer 9:1; Hab 1:13; Hab 2:5; בָ֑גֶד בֹּגְדֵי dealers treacherously in treachery (very treacherously) Jer 12:1.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Unfaithful44 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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