Word
תַּתְּנַי
Tattᵉnay · H8674 · Hebrew · proper noun · 4 occurrences
Person
- Tatnaifirst named in Ezra 5:34 verses
Meanings
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Tattenai
A man who was governor of the province west of the Euphrates during the Persian empire and tried to stop the Jews from rebuilding the temple
ExamplesEzra 5:3 At that time Tattenai, the governor of the province beyond the Euphrates River, and Shethar-bozenai and their colleagues came to them and spoke to them as follows: “Who issued you a decree to rebuild this temple and to finish this structure?”
Ezra 5:6 This is the copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor of the province beyond the Euphrates River, and Shethar-bozenai and his colleagues the officials, who were beyond the River, sent to Darius the king.
Ezra 6:6 “Now as for you, Tattenai, governor of the province beyond the Euphrates River, Shethar-bozenai, and your colleagues, the officials of the provinces beyond the River, stay away from there.
How it’s used In 2 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Named alongside itApposition
4 occurrences in 1 groups
- פֶּחָהcaptain 4
What it doesIt is the subject
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- עֲבַדcut 1
- שְׁלַחput 1
- אָתָהcome 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Names of People003001007
- Ezra 5:3 recounts that "Tattenai, the governor of the province beyond the Euphrates River, and Shethar-bozenai and their colleagues came to them."
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8674. Tattenay תַּתְּנַי proper name, masculine Persian prefect in Syria; — Ezr 5:3, Ezr…
H8674. Tattenay
תַּתְּנַי proper name, masculine Persian prefect in Syria; — Ezr 5:3, Ezr 5:6; Ezr 6:6, Ezr 6:13; Θανθανας, A Θαθθαναι; ᵐ5L Τανθαναιος, Σισιννης; also 3 Esdr 6:3; 7:26 JosAnt. xi. 12, 89, etc. (LagPsalt. Hieron.162 n.; AS§135 n.; MeyEntst. J. 32 assumes Old Persian * Thithnaya, or *Thathnaia); but Uštanni, Uštanu, was prefect in Syria under Darius, according to contract tablets. See StrassmDarius 27, 82; names probably identical; MeissnZAW xvii (1897), 191 f. reads therefore ושׁתני (וַשְׁתָּנִי Hpt), compare Buhl GuEzr-Neh.63; Scheft94, however, thinks תתני = תסני Old Persian th¹sna, Avestan s¹sna (teaching), and this transposed in New Babylonian Uštanu
א
ב
בּ ב,, Bêth, 2nd letter; post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 2 (and so in margin of printed MT); ב֟ = 2000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.
I. בְּ,
preposition in (Moabite בּ, Syriac , Arabic , Ethiopic ) before tone-syllables in certain cases (Ges§ 102. 2) בָּ, with suffix בִּי; בְּךָ (Ex 7:29; 2Sa 22:30; Psa 141:8 בְּכָה), in pause and feminine בָּךְ; בּוֺ (once, Jer 17:24 Kt בֹּה), בָּהּ; בָּנוּ; בָּכֶם, [בָּכֶן]; בָּם בָּהֶם, [also בָּהֵ֫מָּה Exo 30:4; Exo 36:1; Hab 1:16], בָּהֶן 1Sa 31:7; Isa 38:16; Eze 42:14 [15 times בָּהֵן (FrMM 235), and thrice, Leviticus 5:22; Num 13:19; Jer 5:17, בָּהֵ֫נָּה]. Preposition denoting properly in, Greek ἐν, but applied in many derived and figurative significations. The senses expressed by בְּ are grouped by the Rabbis in three classes, הַכְּלִי בֵּית Beth vasculi, וְהַנְּגִיעָה הַדִּיבִּוּק בֵּית Beth coniunctionis et viciniae, הָעֵזֶר בֵּית Beth auxilii; and the same arrangement may be followed here, though the limits between the three classes are not clearly defined, and they sometimes overlap one another.
I. In:
1 strictly, of position in a place (which often is expressed more precisely by בְּתוֺךְ בְּקֶרֶב,), as בַּבַּיִת in the house, בָּעִיר in the city, בַּדּוּד in the pot, בָּאָרֶץ in the land, etc. constantly. Hebrew idiom also says בָּהָר in the mountain Exo 24:18 etc., even in cases where we could hardly avoid saying on, as 1Ki 11:7; 1Ki 19:11: so בְּחֹרֵב Deu 1:16 and elsewhere; הָהָר בְּראֹשׁ Exo 24:17; Psa 72:16. Preceded by a verb of motion (especially עָבַר) בְּ = through, as Gen 12:6 and Abram passed through בָּאָרֶץ in the land = passed through it, Gen 13:17; 2Sa 24:2 +; in (= through) a gate, Isa 62:10; Jer 17:19; Mic 2:13. Figurative to speak בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of ...; to be good (or evil, etc.) בְּעֵינֵי in the eyes of ...
2 of presence in the midst of a multitude, among, Exo 14:28 there was not left בָּהֶם among them even one, Lev 26:36; 2Sa 15:31 Ahitophel בַּקֹּשְׁרִים is among the conspirators, 2Ki 18:5 יְהוּדָה מַלְכֵי בְּכֹל. So בְּךָ in thee (of Israel, collective) Deu 7:14; Deu 15:4, Deu 15:7; Deu 18:10; Deu 23:11; Deu 28:54 (different from עִמָּ֑ח beside thee Lev 25:35). — Specifically
a. of an individual, implying eminency among: Jos 14:15; Jer 46:18 Tabor among the mountains, Jer 49:15; Pro 30:30; Son 1:8 בַנָּשִׁים הַיָּפָה the fair one (= the fairest) among women, Lam 1:1: compare Luk 1:42. On 1Sa 17:12 see Dr.
b. hence with some verbs, when the action refers to only a part of the object, as בְּ הִכָּהַ to smite among... i.e. to smite some of... (different from הִכָּה with accusative); בְּ הָרַג Psa 78:31; בְּ נָשָׂא to bear in, i.e. to share in bearing, Num 11:17 and elsewhere; בְּ בָּנָה to build in or at Zec 6:15; Neh 4:4; בְּ עָשָׂה Exo 5:9; בְּ עָמֵל to labour on Jon 4:10; בְּ שָׁתָה בְּ, אָכַל to eat or drink of Jdg 13:16; Pro 9:5; בְּ חָלַק to give a share in Job 39:17.
c. specifying the parts of which a whole consists (especially in P) Gen 7:21; Gen 8:17; Gen 9:10, Gen 9:16; Gen 17:23; Exo 12:19; Num 31:11, Num 31:26; Hos 4:3.
3 with reference to the limits enclosing a space, within: Exo 20:10 בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ within thy gates, Isa 56:5 בְּחוֺמוֺתַי within my walls.
4 often pregn. with verbs of motion, when the movement to a place results in rest in it, into: after בָּא Gen 19:8; Isa 19:23; נָתַן Gen 27:17; שָׁלַח to send Lev 16:22; in among Jos 23:7, Jos 23:12; 1Ki 11:2. — Hos 12:7 (an extreme case) בְּ שׁוּב to return (and rest) in thy God, 1Sa 16:3 (unless לַזָּבַ֑ח should be read, as 1Sa 16:7). — בְּעַיִן עַיִן (with) eye (looking) into eye Num 14:14; Isa 52:8; בְּפָנִים מָּנִים Deu 5:4; פְ ׳עֵינֵי בְּ the eyes of ... are upon, both in favourable (Deu 11:12; Psa 101:6) and hostile (Amo 9:8; Job 7:8) sense.
5 applied to time, as Gen 1:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית in the beginning; Gen 2:2 הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּיּוֺם on the seventh day; Jdg 10:8 הַהִיא בַּשָּׁנָה in that year; & constantly.
6 of a state or condition, whether material or mental, in which an action takes place: so often, בְּשָׁלוֺם in peace Gen 15:15; בַּצָּרָה in distress Psa 91:15; בְּתֻמּוֺ הָלַךְ to walk in his integrity; Exo 5:19 בְּרָע in evil case.
7 בְּ introduces the predicate, denoting it as that in which the subject consists, or in which it shews itself (the Beth essentiae, — common in Arabic, especially with a participle or adjective and in a negative sentence: Qor 2:79 and God (appears) not as one remiss; 2:7 and they are not believers [compare French en — en honnête homme]; see WAG ii. § 56 a): namely
a. a primary predicate, Exo 18:4 the God of my fathers בְּעֶזְרִי was my help, Psa 146:5; Hos 13:9 (read בְעֶזְֶרךָ׃ מִי כִּי with ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Che and others); Psa 68:5 שְׁמוֺ בְּיָהּ his name consists in Yah, Job 23:13; Job 37:10. With the predicate in the plural (as plural of majesty) Psa 118:7 ׳י בְּעֹזְרָ֑י J. is my great helper, Psa 54:6 (see Che), Jdg 11:35.
b. a secondary predicate, Exo 6:3 and I appeared unto them שַׁדָּ֑י בְּאֵל as God Almighty, Num 26:53 בְּנַחֲלָה as an inheritance, Num 34:2; Eze 46:16; Eze 47:14; Deu 10:22; Deu 26:14 I have not put away therefrom בְּטָמֵא as one unclean = while unclean, Deu 28:62; Isa 40:10 יָבוֺא בְּחָזָק he cometh as a strong one, Psa 35:2 (where see De) and rise up as my help, Psa 35:16, Psa 39:7; Psa 55:19; Pro 3:26; Job 36:32 (De).
c. a predicate as accusative, Isa 48:10 I have refined thee בְכָ֑סֶף וְלֹא but not as though silver, Eze 20:41; Num 18:26; Num 36:2; Jos 13:6-7, Jos 23:4; Eze 45:1; Eze 47:22 (twice in verse) (read יַמִּלוּ) Eze 48:29 (see ᵐ5 Co) all בְּנַחֲלָה (compare
b.), Psa 78:55 & allotted it נַחֲלָה בְּחֶבֶל as a line of inheritance (i.e. as a measured inheritance). Isa 26:4 י עוֺלָמִים צוּר יהוה בְּיָהּ ׳כִּי is different — for in Yah there is a rock of ages (compare Qor 4:7; 4:47 there is sufficiency in God as a patron).
d. in comparisons, Psa 37:20 consume away בֶּעָשָׁן in the form of, as, smoke Psa 78:33; Psa 102:4; Job 34:36; Job 36:14.
II. Denoting proximity —
1 at, by (not very common): 1Sa 29:1 בָּעַיִן by the spring; Eze 10:15, Eze 10:20 כְּבָר בִּנְהַר by the river Chebar (Eze 1:3 עַל).
2 on: Gen 8:20; Num 23:2 בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ on the altar; Jdg 8:21 on the necks of the camels; 1Ki 2:5 and elsewhere בְּמָתְנָיו on his loins; Isa 59:17 a helmet בְּראֹשׁוֺ on his head.
3 often with verbs of touching, approaching, taking hold of, cleaving, etc., as תָּפַשׂ תָּמַךְ, מָּגַּע, קָרַב, נָגַשׁ, נָגַע, חָשַׁק, דָּבֵק, אָחַז, (see these words).
4 with words expressing or implying an act of hostility —
a. against: Gen 16:12 בּוֺ כֹּל וְיַד בַכֹּל יָדוֺ his hand against all, and the hand of all against him; מְּ יַד ׳הָֽיְתָה בּ Deu 13:10; 1Sa 5:9; 1Sa 18:17 +? verbs (q. v.) of fighting (רִיב נִלְחַם,), going up to invade (עָלָה), being angry (אַף חָרָה אָנַף, הִתְעַבֵּר,), sinning or acting treacherously (כִּחֵשׁ כִּזֵּב, שִׁקֵּר, מָּשַׁע, מָעַל, מָרָה, מָרַד, בָּגַד, חָטָא,), testifying (הֵעִיד עָנָה,), mocking (הֵתֵל הִלְעִיג,), feeling loathing (קוּץ), rebuking (גָּעַר: properly to protest loudly), speaking (דִּבֶּר: Num 12:8b), etc., & even (an extreme case) Hos 7:14 בִי יָסוּרוּ they turn aside (so as to be) against me. In a weaker sense בַּקִּיר מַשְׁתִּין mingens ad parietem 1Sa 25:22 and elsewhere
b. down to, upon (super with accusative), especially in such phrases as בּוֺ דָּמָיו Lev 20:9 and elsewhere his blood be upon him; בְראֹשׁוֺ דָּמוֺ his blood be upon his head Jos 2:19; י (הֵשִׁיב בְּראֹשׁוֺ׳שׁוּב ) Judges 8:57 (רָעָה), 1Ki 2:33 (דָּם), 1Ki 2:44 (רָעָה), Psa 7:17 (עֲמָלוֺ); מּ דֶּרֶךְ נָתַן ׳בְּראֹשׁוֺ 1Ki 8:32 & often in Ezekiel, as Eze 9:10; Eze 11:21.
III. 1. With —
a. of accompaniment: Num 20:20 כָּבֵד בְּעַם with much people, Jos 22:8; Jdg 11:34; 1Ki 10:2; 2Ki 5:9; Jer 41:15; Exo 21:22 and he shall give בִּפְלִלִים with arbitrators (arbitrators being employed), Isa 8:16 בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃ with my disciples, i.e. having them present; Exo 8:1; Exo 8:13; Jer 11:19 בְּלַחְמוֺ עֵץ a tree with its sap; 1Ki 19:19 הֶעָשָׂר בִּשְׁנֵים וְהוּא and he with the 12th.
b. often of what one takes or brings with one: Gen 32:11 בְּמַקְלִי with my staff I passed over Jordan, Jdg 11:34; Jdg 15:1; 1Sa 1:24; Isa 7:24; Mic 6:6 and elsewhere בְּ קִדֵּם to go to meet with; בְּ בָּא to come with Lev 16:3; Psa 66:13; Psa 71:16. (In Arabic this usage is developed more fully than in Hebrew, and literally to come with, literally to go away with, are used idiomatically in the sense of to bring, and to take away respectively: WAG ii. § 56 b.) Hence בְּלֹא בִּבְלִי, בְּאֶפֶס, בְּאֵין, = without.
c. of concomitant (or surrounding) conditions, as בְּחִמָּזוֺן with (or in) haste; בְּצֶדֶק with (or in) righteousness; בִּשְׁגָגָה in error; שׁוֺפָר וּבְקוֺל בִּתְרוּעָה 2Sa 6:15; often in such phrases as בְּצִדְקָֽתְךָ Psa 31:2 in thy righteousness; בְּחַסְדְּךָ in thy mercy Exo 15:13; — בְּאָשְׁרִי with my happiness! = happy am I Gen 30:13; Psa 29:4 the voice of ׳י is בַּכֹּחַ with power = is powerful; Exo 32:12 בְּרָעָה with evil purpose; Psa 73:8 בְרָע in wickedness; Psa 90:10 בִּגְבוּרֹת with strength.
2 of the instrument or means: as
a. בַּחֶרֶב with the sword Exo 5:3 etc.; בְּרַגְלַיִם with the feet Isa 28:3; . . . בְּיַד by the hand of ... (see below יָד); to stone בְּאֶבֶן or בָּֽאֲבָנִים with stones Lev 20:2; Num 14:10 etc.; בְּ שָׁתָה to drink with a cup Gen 44:5; Amo 6:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 5:2); to cry בְּגָרוֺן with the throat Isa 58:1; to burn בָּאֵשׁ in or with fire (often); to slay or to perish בָּרָעָב through hunger or בַּדֶּבֶר through pestilence Exo 16:3; Jer 21:9 + often (compare Job 27:15 יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ בַּמָּוֶת); to save with or by Jdg 7:7; 1Sa 14:6.
b. idiomatic, with certain verbs, as בְּ שָׁחַק to play with Job 40:29; בְּ עָבַד to labour with a person (as with an instrument), i.e. to use him as a slave Exo 1:14; Jer 22:13; Jer 27:7 and elsewhere; בְּ עָשָׂה Jer 18:23; Neh 9:24; Dan 11:7; Est 1:15; Est 2:11; Est 3:11; <ref
תַּתְּנַי proper name, masculine Persian prefect in Syria; — Ezr 5:3, Ezr 5:6; Ezr 6:6, Ezr 6:13; Θανθανας, A Θαθθαναι; ᵐ5L Τανθαναιος, Σισιννης; also 3 Esdr 6:3; 7:26 JosAnt. xi. 12, 89, etc. (LagPsalt. Hieron.162 n.; AS§135 n.; MeyEntst. J. 32 assumes Old Persian * Thithnaya, or *Thathnaia); but Uštanni, Uštanu, was prefect in Syria under Darius, according to contract tablets. See StrassmDarius 27, 82; names probably identical; MeissnZAW xvii (1897), 191 f. reads therefore ושׁתני (וַשְׁתָּנִי Hpt), compare Buhl GuEzr-Neh.63; Scheft94, however, thinks תתני = תסני Old Persian th¹sna, Avestan s¹sna (teaching), and this transposed in New Babylonian Uštanu
א
ב
בּ ב,, Bêth, 2nd letter; post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 2 (and so in margin of printed MT); ב֟ = 2000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.
I. בְּ,
preposition in (Moabite בּ, Syriac , Arabic , Ethiopic ) before tone-syllables in certain cases (Ges§ 102. 2) בָּ, with suffix בִּי; בְּךָ (Ex 7:29; 2Sa 22:30; Psa 141:8 בְּכָה), in pause and feminine בָּךְ; בּוֺ (once, Jer 17:24 Kt בֹּה), בָּהּ; בָּנוּ; בָּכֶם, [בָּכֶן]; בָּם בָּהֶם, [also בָּהֵ֫מָּה Exo 30:4; Exo 36:1; Hab 1:16], בָּהֶן 1Sa 31:7; Isa 38:16; Eze 42:14 [15 times בָּהֵן (FrMM 235), and thrice, Leviticus 5:22; Num 13:19; Jer 5:17, בָּהֵ֫נָּה]. Preposition denoting properly in, Greek ἐν, but applied in many derived and figurative significations. The senses expressed by בְּ are grouped by the Rabbis in three classes, הַכְּלִי בֵּית Beth vasculi, וְהַנְּגִיעָה הַדִּיבִּוּק בֵּית Beth coniunctionis et viciniae, הָעֵזֶר בֵּית Beth auxilii; and the same arrangement may be followed here, though the limits between the three classes are not clearly defined, and they sometimes overlap one another.
I. In:
1 strictly, of position in a place (which often is expressed more precisely by בְּתוֺךְ בְּקֶרֶב,), as בַּבַּיִת in the house, בָּעִיר in the city, בַּדּוּד in the pot, בָּאָרֶץ in the land, etc. constantly. Hebrew idiom also says בָּהָר in the mountain Exo 24:18 etc., even in cases where we could hardly avoid saying on, as 1Ki 11:7; 1Ki 19:11: so בְּחֹרֵב Deu 1:16 and elsewhere; הָהָר בְּראֹשׁ Exo 24:17; Psa 72:16. Preceded by a verb of motion (especially עָבַר) בְּ = through, as Gen 12:6 and Abram passed through בָּאָרֶץ in the land = passed through it, Gen 13:17; 2Sa 24:2 +; in (= through) a gate, Isa 62:10; Jer 17:19; Mic 2:13. Figurative to speak בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of ...; to be good (or evil, etc.) בְּעֵינֵי in the eyes of ...
2 of presence in the midst of a multitude, among, Exo 14:28 there was not left בָּהֶם among them even one, Lev 26:36; 2Sa 15:31 Ahitophel בַּקֹּשְׁרִים is among the conspirators, 2Ki 18:5 יְהוּדָה מַלְכֵי בְּכֹל. So בְּךָ in thee (of Israel, collective) Deu 7:14; Deu 15:4, Deu 15:7; Deu 18:10; Deu 23:11; Deu 28:54 (different from עִמָּ֑ח beside thee Lev 25:35). — Specifically
a. of an individual, implying eminency among: Jos 14:15; Jer 46:18 Tabor among the mountains, Jer 49:15; Pro 30:30; Son 1:8 בַנָּשִׁים הַיָּפָה the fair one (= the fairest) among women, Lam 1:1: compare Luk 1:42. On 1Sa 17:12 see Dr.
b. hence with some verbs, when the action refers to only a part of the object, as בְּ הִכָּהַ to smite among... i.e. to smite some of... (different from הִכָּה with accusative); בְּ הָרַג Psa 78:31; בְּ נָשָׂא to bear in, i.e. to share in bearing, Num 11:17 and elsewhere; בְּ בָּנָה to build in or at Zec 6:15; Neh 4:4; בְּ עָשָׂה Exo 5:9; בְּ עָמֵל to labour on Jon 4:10; בְּ שָׁתָה בְּ, אָכַל to eat or drink of Jdg 13:16; Pro 9:5; בְּ חָלַק to give a share in Job 39:17.
c. specifying the parts of which a whole consists (especially in P) Gen 7:21; Gen 8:17; Gen 9:10, Gen 9:16; Gen 17:23; Exo 12:19; Num 31:11, Num 31:26; Hos 4:3.
3 with reference to the limits enclosing a space, within: Exo 20:10 בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ within thy gates, Isa 56:5 בְּחוֺמוֺתַי within my walls.
4 often pregn. with verbs of motion, when the movement to a place results in rest in it, into: after בָּא Gen 19:8; Isa 19:23; נָתַן Gen 27:17; שָׁלַח to send Lev 16:22; in among Jos 23:7, Jos 23:12; 1Ki 11:2. — Hos 12:7 (an extreme case) בְּ שׁוּב to return (and rest) in thy God, 1Sa 16:3 (unless לַזָּבַ֑ח should be read, as 1Sa 16:7). — בְּעַיִן עַיִן (with) eye (looking) into eye Num 14:14; Isa 52:8; בְּפָנִים מָּנִים Deu 5:4; פְ ׳עֵינֵי בְּ the eyes of ... are upon, both in favourable (Deu 11:12; Psa 101:6) and hostile (Amo 9:8; Job 7:8) sense.
5 applied to time, as Gen 1:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית in the beginning; Gen 2:2 הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּיּוֺם on the seventh day; Jdg 10:8 הַהִיא בַּשָּׁנָה in that year; & constantly.
6 of a state or condition, whether material or mental, in which an action takes place: so often, בְּשָׁלוֺם in peace Gen 15:15; בַּצָּרָה in distress Psa 91:15; בְּתֻמּוֺ הָלַךְ to walk in his integrity; Exo 5:19 בְּרָע in evil case.
7 בְּ introduces the predicate, denoting it as that in which the subject consists, or in which it shews itself (the Beth essentiae, — common in Arabic, especially with a participle or adjective and in a negative sentence: Qor 2:79 and God (appears) not as one remiss; 2:7 and they are not believers [compare French en — en honnête homme]; see WAG ii. § 56 a): namely
a. a primary predicate, Exo 18:4 the God of my fathers בְּעֶזְרִי was my help, Psa 146:5; Hos 13:9 (read בְעֶזְֶרךָ׃ מִי כִּי with ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Che and others); Psa 68:5 שְׁמוֺ בְּיָהּ his name consists in Yah, Job 23:13; Job 37:10. With the predicate in the plural (as plural of majesty) Psa 118:7 ׳י בְּעֹזְרָ֑י J. is my great helper, Psa 54:6 (see Che), Jdg 11:35.
b. a secondary predicate, Exo 6:3 and I appeared unto them שַׁדָּ֑י בְּאֵל as God Almighty, Num 26:53 בְּנַחֲלָה as an inheritance, Num 34:2; Eze 46:16; Eze 47:14; Deu 10:22; Deu 26:14 I have not put away therefrom בְּטָמֵא as one unclean = while unclean, Deu 28:62; Isa 40:10 יָבוֺא בְּחָזָק he cometh as a strong one, Psa 35:2 (where see De) and rise up as my help, Psa 35:16, Psa 39:7; Psa 55:19; Pro 3:26; Job 36:32 (De).
c. a predicate as accusative, Isa 48:10 I have refined thee בְכָ֑סֶף וְלֹא but not as though silver, Eze 20:41; Num 18:26; Num 36:2; Jos 13:6-7, Jos 23:4; Eze 45:1; Eze 47:22 (twice in verse) (read יַמִּלוּ) Eze 48:29 (see ᵐ5 Co) all בְּנַחֲלָה (compare
b.), Psa 78:55 & allotted it נַחֲלָה בְּחֶבֶל as a line of inheritance (i.e. as a measured inheritance). Isa 26:4 י עוֺלָמִים צוּר יהוה בְּיָהּ ׳כִּי is different — for in Yah there is a rock of ages (compare Qor 4:7; 4:47 there is sufficiency in God as a patron).
d. in comparisons, Psa 37:20 consume away בֶּעָשָׁן in the form of, as, smoke Psa 78:33; Psa 102:4; Job 34:36; Job 36:14.
II. Denoting proximity —
1 at, by (not very common): 1Sa 29:1 בָּעַיִן by the spring; Eze 10:15, Eze 10:20 כְּבָר בִּנְהַר by the river Chebar (Eze 1:3 עַל).
2 on: Gen 8:20; Num 23:2 בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ on the altar; Jdg 8:21 on the necks of the camels; 1Ki 2:5 and elsewhere בְּמָתְנָיו on his loins; Isa 59:17 a helmet בְּראֹשׁוֺ on his head.
3 often with verbs of touching, approaching, taking hold of, cleaving, etc., as תָּפַשׂ תָּמַךְ, מָּגַּע, קָרַב, נָגַשׁ, נָגַע, חָשַׁק, דָּבֵק, אָחַז, (see these words).
4 with words expressing or implying an act of hostility —
a. against: Gen 16:12 בּוֺ כֹּל וְיַד בַכֹּל יָדוֺ his hand against all, and the hand of all against him; מְּ יַד ׳הָֽיְתָה בּ Deu 13:10; 1Sa 5:9; 1Sa 18:17 +? verbs (q. v.) of fighting (רִיב נִלְחַם,), going up to invade (עָלָה), being angry (אַף חָרָה אָנַף, הִתְעַבֵּר,), sinning or acting treacherously (כִּחֵשׁ כִּזֵּב, שִׁקֵּר, מָּשַׁע, מָעַל, מָרָה, מָרַד, בָּגַד, חָטָא,), testifying (הֵעִיד עָנָה,), mocking (הֵתֵל הִלְעִיג,), feeling loathing (קוּץ), rebuking (גָּעַר: properly to protest loudly), speaking (דִּבֶּר: Num 12:8b), etc., & even (an extreme case) Hos 7:14 בִי יָסוּרוּ they turn aside (so as to be) against me. In a weaker sense בַּקִּיר מַשְׁתִּין mingens ad parietem 1Sa 25:22 and elsewhere
b. down to, upon (super with accusative), especially in such phrases as בּוֺ דָּמָיו Lev 20:9 and elsewhere his blood be upon him; בְראֹשׁוֺ דָּמוֺ his blood be upon his head Jos 2:19; י (הֵשִׁיב בְּראֹשׁוֺ׳שׁוּב ) Judges 8:57 (רָעָה), 1Ki 2:33 (דָּם), 1Ki 2:44 (רָעָה), Psa 7:17 (עֲמָלוֺ); מּ דֶּרֶךְ נָתַן ׳בְּראֹשׁוֺ 1Ki 8:32 & often in Ezekiel, as Eze 9:10; Eze 11:21.
III. 1. With —
a. of accompaniment: Num 20:20 כָּבֵד בְּעַם with much people, Jos 22:8; Jdg 11:34; 1Ki 10:2; 2Ki 5:9; Jer 41:15; Exo 21:22 and he shall give בִּפְלִלִים with arbitrators (arbitrators being employed), Isa 8:16 בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃ with my disciples, i.e. having them present; Exo 8:1; Exo 8:13; Jer 11:19 בְּלַחְמוֺ עֵץ a tree with its sap; 1Ki 19:19 הֶעָשָׂר בִּשְׁנֵים וְהוּא and he with the 12th.
b. often of what one takes or brings with one: Gen 32:11 בְּמַקְלִי with my staff I passed over Jordan, Jdg 11:34; Jdg 15:1; 1Sa 1:24; Isa 7:24; Mic 6:6 and elsewhere בְּ קִדֵּם to go to meet with; בְּ בָּא to come with Lev 16:3; Psa 66:13; Psa 71:16. (In Arabic this usage is developed more fully than in Hebrew, and literally to come with, literally to go away with, are used idiomatically in the sense of to bring, and to take away respectively: WAG ii. § 56 b.) Hence בְּלֹא בִּבְלִי, בְּאֶפֶס, בְּאֵין, = without.
c. of concomitant (or surrounding) conditions, as בְּחִמָּזוֺן with (or in) haste; בְּצֶדֶק with (or in) righteousness; בִּשְׁגָגָה in error; שׁוֺפָר וּבְקוֺל בִּתְרוּעָה 2Sa 6:15; often in such phrases as בְּצִדְקָֽתְךָ Psa 31:2 in thy righteousness; בְּחַסְדְּךָ in thy mercy Exo 15:13; — בְּאָשְׁרִי with my happiness! = happy am I Gen 30:13; Psa 29:4 the voice of ׳י is בַּכֹּחַ with power = is powerful; Exo 32:12 בְּרָעָה with evil purpose; Psa 73:8 בְרָע in wickedness; Psa 90:10 בִּגְבוּרֹת with strength.
2 of the instrument or means: as
a. בַּחֶרֶב with the sword Exo 5:3 etc.; בְּרַגְלַיִם with the feet Isa 28:3; . . . בְּיַד by the hand of ... (see below יָד); to stone בְּאֶבֶן or בָּֽאֲבָנִים with stones Lev 20:2; Num 14:10 etc.; בְּ שָׁתָה to drink with a cup Gen 44:5; Amo 6:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 5:2); to cry בְּגָרוֺן with the throat Isa 58:1; to burn בָּאֵשׁ in or with fire (often); to slay or to perish בָּרָעָב through hunger or בַּדֶּבֶר through pestilence Exo 16:3; Jer 21:9 + often (compare Job 27:15 יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ בַּמָּוֶת); to save with or by Jdg 7:7; 1Sa 14:6.
b. idiomatic, with certain verbs, as בְּ שָׁחַק to play with Job 40:29; בְּ עָבַד to labour with a person (as with an instrument), i.e. to use him as a slave Exo 1:14; Jer 22:13; Jer 27:7 and elsewhere; בְּ עָשָׂה Jer 18:23; Neh 9:24; Dan 11:7; Est 1:15; Est 2:11; Est 3:11; <ref
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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