תָּמַהּ
tâmahh · H8539 · Hebrew · 9 occurrences
Meanings
-
to be astonished, to be stupefied, to be confused
Process by which humans are deeply emotionally affected by a difficult situation, to the extent that they do not know how to respond
ExamplesJob 26:11 “The pillars of heaven tremble And are amazed at His rebuke.
Psalm 48:5 They saw it, then they were amazed; They were terrified, they fled in a hurry.
Ecclesiastes 5:8 If you see oppression of the poor and denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be shocked at the sight; for one official watches over another official, and there are higher officials over them.
-
Action by which humans look at one another while being deeply emotionally affected by a difficult situation, to the extent that they do not know how to respond (to look (at each other) with astonishment)
ExamplesGenesis 43:33 Now they were seated before him, from the firstborn according to his birthright to the youngest according to his youth, and the men looked at one another in astonishment.
Isaiah 13:8 They will be terrified, Pains and anguish will take hold of them; They will writhe like a woman in labor, They will look at one another in astonishment, Their faces aflame.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
9 occurrences in 5 groups
- Not stated: you (more than one) 3
- Not stated: they 3
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
- נָבִיאprophet 1
- Not stated: you (one person) 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- מִןfrom+ גְּעָרָהrebuke 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ חֵפֶץdesire, pleasure 1
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- כֵּןthus 1
- אַלnot, do not 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἐξίστημι exístēmi · G1839 · to astonish greatly, to greatly astound, to astound completely
- Greek ἐξίστημι renders Hebrew תָּמַהּ in contexts of astonishment or amazement, both denoting the cognitive-emotional state of being struck with wonder at something extraordinary or unexpected.
- θαυμάζω thaumázō · G2296 · to wonder, to be amazed, to flatter
- Greek θαυμάζω translates Hebrew תָּמַהּ as the standard cross-linguistic equivalent for the semantic field of wonder/astonishment, covering both the state of being amazed and the act of marveling at something extraordinary.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Afraid002001002001
- This verb denotes terrified astonishment, as in Isaiah 13:8's picture of people terrified and looking at one another in astonishment, their faces aflame.
- See002004001005
- The verb also denotes looking at something in wonder, as in Genesis 43:33's account of Joseph's brothers looking at one another in astonishment at being seated in birth order.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8539. tamah [תָּמַהּ] verb be astounded, dumbfounded (Late Hebrew id.; so Aramaic…
[תָּמַהּ] verb be astounded, dumbfounded (Late Hebrew id.; so Aramaic תְּמַהּ, ); —
Qal Perfect3plural תָּמָ֑הוּ Psa 48:6; Imperfect2masculine singular תִּתְמֶהּ Ecc 5:7; Ecc 5:3masculine plural יִתְמְהוּ Job 26:11, etc.; Imperative masculine plural תְּמָ֑הוּ Isa 29:9; Hab 1:5; — be astounded Isa 29:9; Hab 1:5 (see Hithpa`el), Jer 4:9 (|| שׁמם, Niph`al), Psa 48:6; + מִן causative Job 26:11; + על of thing at which Exo 5:7; look in astonishment at ׳ת אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ אִישׁ Gen 43:33 (J), Isa 13:8.
Hithpa`el Imperative masculine plural +
Qal Imperative תְּמָהוּ וְהִתַּמְּהוּ Hab 1:5 (see above), literally astonish yourselves, be astounded but We
Hithpalpel הִתְמַהְמְהוּ; Gr reads infinitive absolute תָּמַהַּ (Marti and others וּתְמָהוּ) for תמהו.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.