שָׁמֵם

H8074. shamem
[שָׁמֵם] verb be desoleted, appalled (connection of meanings not clear) (Late Hebrew id.; Jewish-Aramaic שְׁמַם Ithpe`el be dazed); —
Qal Perfect3feminine singular שָׁמֵ֑מָה Eze 35:15, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשֹּׁם; 1Ki 9:8 +, 3 masculine plural יָשֹּׁ֫מּוּ Job 17:8; Psa 40:16, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שֹׁ֫מוּ Jer 2:19; Infinitive construct (?) metaplastic שַׁמוֺת Eze 36:3 (Ges§ 67r, but see infra); — תֵּשַׁם, etc. (see [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Eze 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, see Ges § 67 p dd; — Participle שׁוֺמֵם Lam 3:11 (see also
Po-.); feminine שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges§ 84a s) 2Sa 13:20 +; plural שׁוֺמֵמִין Lam 1:14, etc.; —
1 be desolated, of Tamar 2Sa 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Lam 1:16; שֹׁמֵמָה נְתָנַנִי Lam 1:13, שׁ ׳שָׂמַ֫נִי Lam 3:11; participle as feminine noun שׁוֺמֵמָה בְּנֵי Isa 54:1 (opposed to בְּעוּלָה) [Dan 8:13 +?
Po-.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes=deserted), Isa 49:8; Eze 33:28 (עוֺבֵר מֵאֵין), Eze 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; >Kt שׁממה), Eze 35:15; הַשֹּׁמִמוֺת הֶחְָרָבוֺת Eze 36:4 (|| שַׁמּוֺת הַנֱּעֶזָבוֺת הֶעָרִים) Eze 36:3 is probably corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as Eze 36:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy reads נָשֹׁם, Krae נָשֹׁם; — participle feminine plural as noun = desolate places Isa 49:19; Isa 61:4 (both || חֳרָבוֺת), Isa 61:4 (compare שְׁמָמָה Isa 62:4); = desolations Dan 9:18, Dan 9:26.
2 be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Lev 26:32 (H), Jer 2:12 (see II. [ חָרֵב]), Eze 26:16; Eze 27:35; Eze 28:19; Isa 52:14; Job 17:8, compare 1Ki 9:8 2Ch 7:12; Jer 18:16; Jer 19:8; Jer 49:17; Jer 50:13; on oneself Psa 40:16 (עַלעֵֿקֶב). — Isa 42:14 see [נשׁם].
Niph`al Perfect3feminine singular נָשַׁ֫מָּה Jer 12:11 +, 3 plural נָשַׁ֫נּוּ Zep 3:6 +; Participle feminine נְשַׁמָּה Eze 36:34 +, etc.; — =
Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Lev 26:22 (H), Isa 33:8, bamoth Amo 7:9 (|| יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Eze 6:4; compare Eze 25:3; Eze 32:15; Zep 3:6; Zec 7:14; Joe 1:17; Psa 69:26; of lands Eze 29:12; Eze 30:7; Eze 36:34-35, cities Isa 54:3 (opposed to יוֺשִׁיבוּ), compare Eze 36:35; Amo 9:14; Jer 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Eze 36:36 the desolated (that is, land, in figure).
2 be appalled Jer 4:9; Lam 4:5; Eze 4:17; Eze 30:7, with עַל of thing Job 18:20.
Po` Participle
1 מְשׁוֺמֵם וֵָאשְׁבָה Ezr 9:3I sat appalled, compare Ezr 9:4
2 transitive appalling, causing horror (DrDan 150 f.): מְשֹׁמֵם (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ Dan 11:31, + perhaps Dan 9:27 a (see שִׁקּוּץ); so also ׳שִׁוּ שֹׁמֵם Dan 12:11 (on ׳שׁ v, Ges§ 52s), שֹׁמֵם הַמֶּשַׁע Dan 8:13 the crime causing horror, and ׳שׁ as noun horror-causer, appaller, Dan 9:27b.
Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הֲשִׁמּ֫וֺתָ Job 16:7, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשּׁים (Ges§ 67y) Jer 49:20; Jer 50:45, Jer 50:3masculine plural suffix וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1Sa 5:6, 1Sa 5:1plural נַשִּׁים Num 21:30, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges§ 67v) Job 21:5; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁמֵם Mic 6:13; Participle מַשְׁמִים Eze 3:15; —
1 devastate, ravage, accusative of person 1Sa 5:6; Eze 20:26; Hos 2:14 (figurative of vine), Job 16:7; accusative of location Lev 26:31-32, (H) Jer 10:25; Eze 30:12, Eze 30:14; Psa 79:7, so (accusative omitted) Num 21:30 (poem in J E), Mic 6:13; — Eze 14:8 see שִׂים
Hiph`il 2. a. appal, accusative of person, with עַל at, Jer 49:20; Jer 50:45; Eze 32:10.
b. inwardly transitive, ׳מִשׁ וָאֵשֵׁב Eze 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Bu Niph`al הִשַּׁמוּ).
Hoph`al Infinitive construct הָשַּׁמָּה כָּליְֿמֵי (that is הָאָרֶץ) Lev 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so Lev 26:35; 2Ch 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges§ 67y) Lev 26:43.
Hithpo`el Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁתּוֺמֵם Psa 143:4, etc.; —
1 be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Isa 59:16; Isa 63:5; עַל of thing Dan 8:27; יִשְׁתּ ׳עבּתוֺכִי Psa 143:4 (compare 1 plural נשתומם Ecclus. 43:24).
2 cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ecc 7:16.