שָׁלַךְ

טוּל ṭûwl · H2904 · to hurl, to cast, to hurl away

Both are verbs of throwing or casting, with substantial overlap such as "cast down," "cast forth" and "cast out," from distinct Hebrew roots for the same basic action.

ῥίπτω rhíptō · G4496 · to throw, to hurl, to put down

Greek ῥίπτω specifically denotes a quick, forceful toss or fling, serving as the standard Greek rendering for Hebrew שָׁלַךְ's core sense of throwing or casting, though the Greek term carries a more specific nuance of sudden, rapid motion in the casting action.

ἀποῤῥίπτω aporrhíptō · G641 · to jump off, to leap overboard

Greek ἀποῤῥίπτω (aporhiptō) is a more forceful, specialized term for violent throwing/hurling that typically implies throwing away or off oneself (often reflexively, as in precipitating oneself), whereas Hebrew שָׁלַךְ (shalak) covers the broader semantic range of casting/throwing actions including both violent hurling and simple disposal or discarding.

βάλλω bállō · G906 · to throw, to let fall, to drop

שָׁלַךְ (shâlak, H7993) שָׁלַךְ and βάλλω (bállō, G906) βάλλω share the core semantic domain of forceful projection (throwing, casting, hurling objects or persons), with both covering a range from literal physical throwing to metaphorical/figurative extensions of the throwing action.

Move002002001012

The verb's core sense of casting or throwing, directly shown in Joseph's brothers' plan to "throw him into one of the pits" (Genesis 37:20, 37:22, 37:24) and Pharaoh's decree to "throw" every newborn son "into the Nile" (Exodus 1:22).

Blow002002001002

This domain reflects the forceful, violent manner of throwing named in the gloss ("hurl"), consistent with but not sharply distinguished from the Move domain above in the same casting-into-a-pit citations.

Bear002003003003

This domain reflects a further extension of this verb's broad range, not directly shown by this entry's own five sampled citations.

Non-Bear002003003004

The sense of removing support or letting something fall unsupported, reflected in casting Joseph down into an empty, waterless pit (Genesis 37:24).

Detach002003001006

The sense of violently separating something from its place, directly shown in Joseph being torn from his family and cast into the pit (Genesis 37:20, 37:22, 37:24) and infants cast away from their families into the Nile (Exodus 1:22).

Free002003002012

This domain reflects the "let go" sense of releasing something by throwing it away, not sharply distinguished in these citations from the Detach domain above.

Fail002003003013

This domain reflects a further extension of this verb's broad range (an abandoned plan or discarded hope), not directly shown by this entry's own five sampled citations.

End002003003010

This domain reflects the finality of being cast away, not sharply distinguished in these citations from the Detach and Non-Bear domains above.

Innocent002003003015

This domain reflects a further extension of this verb's broad range not directly shown by this entry's own five sampled citations.

Impact002001001024

The forceful, physical impact of being thrown, directly shown in Joseph and the infants of Exodus 1:22 both being violently cast down or away.

Unsafe002003003022

The danger inherent in being cast away, directly shown in Joseph's brothers casting him into a pit intending his death (Genesis 37:20) and Pharaoh's decree condemning infants cast into the Nile (Exodus 1:22).

Unwilling002001002031

The sense of an action forced upon its victim against their will, directly shown in Joseph being thrown into the pit against his own will (Genesis 37:24).

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.