שָׂבַע
sâbaʻ · H7646 · Hebrew · 97 occurrences
Meanings
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to be satiated, to become satiated
Process by which someone's desire for food is fulfilled
ExamplesExodus 16:8 And Moses said, “This will happen when the LORD gives you meat to eat in the evening, and bread to the full in the morning; for the LORD hears your grumblings which you grumble against Him. And what are we? Your grumblings are not against us but against the LORD.”
Leviticus 26:26 ‘When I break your staff of bread, ten women will bake your bread in one oven, and they will bring back your bread in rationed amounts, so that you will eat and not be satisfied.
Job 31:31 “Have the people of my tent not said, ‘Who can find one who has not been satisfied with his meat’?
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Literally: to be satiated (with an event); hence: process by which humans become more than fully engaged in a certain process or activity, which can be either good or bad (to be satisfied (with something), to have one's fill (of something))
ExamplesJob 7:4 “When I lie down, I say, ‘When shall I arise?’ But the night continues, And I am continually tossing until dawn.
Psalm 17:15 As for me, I shall behold Your face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied with Your likeness when I awake.
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Literally: to be satiated; hence: process by which the desire of humans is fulfilled (to have (one's) fill > to be contented)
ExamplesEcclesiastes 4:8 There was a man without a dependent, having neither a son nor a brother, yet there was no end to all his labor. Indeed, his eyes were not satisfied with riches, and he never asked, “And for whom do I labor and deprive myself of pleasure?” This too is futility, and it is an unhappy task.
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Literally: to be satiated (with someone or something); hence: state in which humans or deities are strongly displeased with people or activities (to have enough (of someone or something))
ExamplesProverbs 25:17 Let your foot rarely be in your neighbor’s house, Or he will become weary of you and hate you.
Isaiah 1:11 “What are your many sacrifices to Me?” Says the LORD. “I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams And the fat of fattened cattle; And I take no pleasure in the blood of bulls, lambs, or goats.
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Literally: to be satiated with days; hence: process by which humans live to a very old age (to be full (of days) > to live long)
Examples1 Chronicles 23:1 Now when David reached old age, he made his son Solomon king over Israel.
2 Chronicles 24:15 Now Jehoiada reached a good old age and he died; he was 130 years old at his death.
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
96 occurrences in 24 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 20
- Not stated: they 16
- Not stated: you (one person) 13
- Not stated: I 9
- Not stated: you (more than one) 6
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 5
- Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
45 occurrences in 33 groups
- לֶחֶםbread, food 8
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 4
- וֹhim 3
- Other words · 30 groups that occur once or twice (36) 36
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- לֶחֶםbread, food 2
- חֶלֶבfat 1
- מַמְרֹרbitterness 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
31 occurrences in 29 groups
- מִןfrom+ פְּרִיfruit, produce 3
- Other words · 28 groups that occur once or twice (30) 30
With adverbsAdverbs
22 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 21
- מְאֹדvery 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 4 words
- πλήθω plḗthō · G4130 · to fill completely, to fill up, to cause to happen
- πλήθω (plḗthō, G4130) is the direct Greek translation equivalent of שָׂבַע (sâbaʻ, H7646), both denoting the core concept of filling or satisfying to fullness, whether literally (with food/drink) or figuratively (with abstract qualities); the Hebrew term emphasizes the resultant state of being satisfied/satiated, while the Greek term emphasizes the action of filling, but both occupy the same semantic domain of completion/fullness.
- ἐμπίπλημι empíplēmi · G1705 · to be satisfied, to have one’s fill, to enjoy
- ἐμπίπλημι (empíplēmi, G1705) ἐμπίπλημι specifically denotes the act of filling or satisfying (often with food or drink), corresponding closely to שָׂבַע (sâbaʻ, H7646)'s core sense of being satisfied or filled; the Greek term emphasizes the causative filling action while the Hebrew encompasses both the state of being satisfied and the process of satisfying.
- πλησμονή plēsmonḗ · G4140 · gratification, indulgence
- πλησμονή (plēsmonḗ, G4140) is the Greek nominal form denoting the state or result of being filled/satisfied, corresponding to שָׂבַע (sâbaʻ, H7646) which encompasses both the verbal action of satisfying/being satisfied and the resultant state of fullness or satiation; the Hebrew term has broader verbal range (active satisfying and passive being satisfied) while the Greek focuses on the abstract noun denoting satisfaction/gratification itself.
- χορτάζω chortázō · G5526 · to cause to eat one’s fill, to satisfy with food, to eat one’s fill
- Greek χορτάζω emphasizes the act of feeding/filling to satisfaction (originally foddering animals, extended to human gorging), while Hebrew שָׂבַע focuses more broadly on the state of being satisfied or having enough (with wider application to non-food contexts like being weary/satiated with experiences).
Semantic domains 6 entries
- Ingest002001001025
- Exodus 16:8 and 16:12 both describe the people "filled with bread" in the morning, directly attesting the eating to fullness this word denotes.
- Engage002003003011
- Deuteronomy 8:10 describes having "eaten and are satisfied," attesting the completed engagement in the act of eating that this word can describe.
- Hate002001002014
- This word's gloss extends to "be weary of," a sense of aversion after excess, a shade the sampled citations (which show only the plain "eat and be filled" sense) do not themselves directly illustrate.
- Old002001001041
- This word can pair with "days" to describe a life fully lived out (as in the related adjective's own "old man and satisfied with life," Genesis 25:8), a sense the sampled citations (all describing being filled with food) do not themselves directly illustrate.
- Possess002003002019
- Deuteronomy 6:11 describes "houses full of all good things which you did not fill... and you eat and are satisfied," directly attesting the abundant possession this word can denote.
- Relief002001002023
- Deuteronomy 8:10's "when you have eaten and are satisfied, you shall bless the LORD" attests the contented relief from want that satisfaction brings.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7646. saba or sabea [שָׂבֵעַ,] שָׂבַע96 verb be sated, satisfied, surfeited (Late Hebrew…
or sabea [שָׂבֵעַ,] שָׂבַע96
verb be sated, satisfied, surfeited (Late Hebrew (derived species) = Biblical Hebrew; so Assyrian šebû, Arabic , Aramaic סְבַע, , Palmyrene שבע; the Ethiopic verb of same, meaning is :); —
Qal79 Perfect3masculine singular שָׂבַע 1Ch 23:1, ׳וְשׂ consecutive Deu 31:20; Deu 31:3plural שָׂבֵ֑עוּ Isa 9:19, ׳ושׂ consecutive Deu 14:29; Deu 26:12, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׂבַּע Pro 12:11 +, 3 masculine plural יִשְׂבְּעוּן Psa 104:28, etc.; Imperative שְׂבַעֿ Pro 20:13; Infinitive absolute שָׂבוֺע Joe 2:26; 2Ch 31:10; construct לִשְׂבֹּע Exo 16:8; Lam 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Hag 1:6; —
1 be sated (with food), especially human subject:
a. absolute after אָכַל, Hos 4:10; Isa 9:19; Deu 8:10; Exo 16:8 (P), + II t., compare Isa 44:16 (|| אָבַל); exposing men to arrogance Deu 6:11; Deu 8:12; Deu 31:20, compare Hos 13:6 (twice in verse) (Israel under figure of cattle), Jer 50:19 (id.; with ב location; || רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Psa 37:19; Psa 59:16, enough to drink Amo 4:8, figurative of sword Jer 46:10, of wine Hab 2:5.
b. with accusative of food Jer 44:17; Lam 5:16; Exo 16:12 (P), + 6 t., compare Eze 39:29 (of beasts, in figure), of earth, sated with water (rain) Pro 30:16, so of trees (accusative om) Psa 104:16, figurative of requital Pro 18:20 b.
c. with מִן of food Job 19:22 (figurative); figurative of earth having its fill (of rain) Psa 104:13, and (figurative of requital) Pro 18:20a; good sense Pro 12:14 (strike out טוֺב, so Toy), bad sense Pro 1:31; Pro 14:14; with מִן of source Isa 66:11 (figurative).
2 more Generally, be sated, have desire satisfied:
a. absolute Eze 16:28-29, (i.e. with harlotry), Jer 50:10 (with plunder), Isa 53:11 (with given result); of eyes Pro 27:20, of Sh®°ôl and Abaddon Pro 27:20, compare Pro 30:15; = have abundance Pro 30:9 (exposure to arrogance).
b. with accusative, be satisfied with, have one's fill of: Jer 31:14, compare Psa 17:15; Psa 63:6; Pro 5:10; Ecc 5:9, compare (eye subject) Ecc 4:8 Acc. of sons Psa 17:14 (si versa l., but text dubious, see Ol Du, compare Bae We), days of life, i.e. reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) 1Ch 23:1; 2Ch 24:15.
c. with ב of goodness Psa 65:5, with מִן id. Ecc 6:3.
d. with ל infinitive, לִרְאוֺת עַיִן לאֹתִֿשְׂבַּע Ecc 1:8 (|| מָלֵא)
3 have in excess, be surfeited with:
a. lit, with honey (accusative) Pro 25:16.
b figurative = be weary of, with accusative of offerings Isa 1:11 (subject ׳י), tossings Job 7:4, poverty Pro 28:19, shame Hab 2:16, contempt Psa 123:3; Psa 123:4 with accusative of person Pro 28:17.
c. id., with ב of troubles Psa 88:4, of reproach Lam 3:30.
Niph`al Participle נִשְׂבָּע sated Job 31:31.
Pi`el satisfy, Imperfect3masculine plural יְשַׂבִּ֑עוּ Eze 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appitite (נֶפֶשׁ; || מִלֵּא); Imperative masculine singular suffix, subject חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ שַׂבְּעֵנִי ׳י, Psa 90:14 (2 accusative). **Now (after ᵑ6 and ᵐ5 Manuscripts) reads שִבַּעְתָּ Hab 3:9, for שְׁבֻעוֺת, compare GASm; Gr Marti שְׂבֵעַת (adjective feminine construct) thy bow is sated with shafts. We thinks hopeless.
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׂבִּיע Psa 107:9, ׳וְה consecutive Isa 58:11; Isa 58:2feminine singular הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Eze 27:33, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Job 9:18 Job 9:2masculine singular תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Isa 58:10, Isa 58:1singular וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Jer 5:7, suffix אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָּ Psalm 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָֿ Baer Gi, etc.; Infinitive construct לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Job 38:27; Participle מַשְׂבִּיעַ Psa 103:5; Psa 145:16; —
1.a. satisfy (especially with material blessings), subject ׳י, with acc. person Jer 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Isa 58:11 (accusativeנֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב location, figurative of help and blessing), Psa 107:9 (accusative נֶפֶשׁ; || מִלֵּא), compare Psa 103:5 (ב instrumental, on accusative see עֲדִי); with accusative of ground Job 38:27 (i.e. with rain); human subject, with accusative נֶפֶשׁ Isa 58:10
b. with accusative of food + person, ׳י subject, Psalm 81:17 (|| הֶאֱכִיל), Psa 105:40; Psa 132:15; Psa 147:14; with accusative of person + יָמִים אֹרֶךְ Psa 91:16.
c. ׳י subject, accusative of thing + ל person, ׳מַשׂ רָצוֺן לְבָלחַֿי Psa 145:16.
d. ׳י subject, c accusative of beast + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic figurative) Eze 32:4.
2 enrich subject Tyre, with accusative of a people Eze 27:33 (|| הֶעֱשִׁיר).
3 sate, glut (with the undesired), subject ׳י, with accusative of person + ב of thing Lam 3:15, accusative of person + Job 9:18.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 6 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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