Word

שָׁבָה

shâbâh · H7617 · Hebrew · 47 occurrences

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Meanings

captive

A person or group that has been forcibly carried off into slavery or exile

Examples
Genesis 31:26 Then Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done by deceiving me and carrying away my daughters like captives of the sword?
Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD anointed me To bring good news to the humble; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim release to captives And freedom to prisoners;
to take captive or carry off

An action by which people, animals or objects are forcibly carried off, in the case of people into slavery or exile

Examples
Genesis 14:14 When Abram heard that his relative had been taken captive, he led out his trained men, born in his house, numbering 318, and went in pursuit as far as Dan.
Genesis 34:29 and they captured and looted all their wealth and all their little ones and their wives, even everything that was in the houses.
Deuteronomy 21:10 “When you go out to battle against your enemies, and the LORD your God hands them over to you and you take them away captive,
Captor

A person or entity that forcibly carries off an animal, person or group

Examples
1 Kings 8:46 “When they sin against You (for there is no person who does not sin) and You are angry with them and turn them over to an enemy, so that they take them away captive to the land of the enemy, distant or near;
1 Kings 8:47 if they take it to heart in the land where they have been taken captive, and repent and implore Your favor in the land of those who have taken them captive, saying, ‘We have sinned and done wrong, we have acted wickedly’;
1 Kings 8:50 and forgive Your people who have sinned against You and all their wrongdoings which they have committed against You, and make them objects of compassion before those who have taken them captive, so that they will have compassion on them

How it’s used In 9 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

35 occurrences in 13 groups

Not stated: they 13
בֵּןson 4
Not stated: you (one person) 4
יִשְׁמָעֵאלIshmael 3
Not stated: he, she or it 3
Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

24 occurrences in 17 groups

הֶםthem 6
שְׁבִיcaptivity, captives 5
אִשָּׁהwoman, wife 5
Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

9 occurrences in 6 groups

אֵלto, toward+ אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 2
מִןfrom+ אָחbrother 2
מִןfrom+ וֹhim 2
מִןfrom+ מִצְפָּהMizpah 1
מִןfrom+ אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 1
עַדto, as far as, until+ מָהwhat?, why? 1

With adverbsAdverbs

3 occurrences in 1 groups

שָׁםthere 3

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

10 occurrences in 3 groups

הֶםthem 8
חֶרֶבsword 1
נוּus 1

What it doesIt is the subject

4 occurrences in 3 groups

שָׁבָהto take captive, to carry off 2
חָזַקto be strong, to strengthen 1
שָׁאַלto ask, to inquire, to request 1

What is done to itIt is the object

3 occurrences in 3 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 1
נָכָהto strike, to strike down 1
שָׁמַעto hear, to listen, to obey 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 2 groups

לto/for 4
כlike/as 2

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

4 occurrences in 2 groups

פָּנִיםface, presence, before 3
אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words

αἰχμαλωτεύω aichmalōteúō · G162 · to make captive, to take captive, to capture someone in war: Greek αἰχμαλωτεύω specifically denotes capturing in warfare/military context (etymologically 'to take by the spear'), whereas Hebrew שָׁבָה covers the broader semantic range of taking captive including but not limited to military seizure, extending to deportation and exile contexts.
αἰχμαλωτίζω aichmalōtízō · G163 · to make captive, to take captive, to capture someone in war: Greek αἰχμαλωτίζω specifically denotes the act of capturing or making captive, directly corresponding to Hebrew שָׁבָה's core sense of taking captive; the Hebrew term has a broader semantic range (includes 'drive away' and 'lead away' contexts beyond military capture), while the Greek term is more narrowly focused on the captive-making action itself.

Semantic domains 1 entry

Control002003002007: Genesis 14:14 describes Lot "taken captive," Genesis 31:26 speaks of "carrying away my daughters like captives," and Numbers 21:1 records Israel "took some of them captive," all directly attesting the subjugating control this word denotes.

Word family 2 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שָׁבָהshâbâh · H7617שְׁבוּת shᵉbûwth · H7622 · captivity, to restore the fortunes (of someone) · 30×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7617. shabah שָׁבָה verb take captive (Late Hebrew, Old Aramaic id.;Arabic (); Aramaic…

H7617. shabah
שָׁבָה verb take captive (Late Hebrew, Old Aramaic id.;Arabic (); Aramaic שְׁבָא, ) —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Jer 41:14; suffixוְשָׁבָם (consecutive) Jer 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conjectures וְשׁמְמוּ); 2 masculine singular שָׁבִיתָ 2Ki 6:22; Psa 68:19, etc., Imperfect3masculine singular וַיִּשְׁבְּ Num 21:1; Jer 41:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular וּשְׁבֵה Jdg 5:12; Infinitive construct שְׁבוֺת Obadiah 11; Participle active plural שֹׁבִים Isa 14:2, etc.; passive masculine plural שְׁבוּיִם Isa 61:1, feminine plural construct שְׁבֻיוֺת Gen 31:26; — take captive
1.a. with accusative of person, Num 24:22 (JE), 1Sa 30:2; 2Ki 5:2; 2Ki 6:22 (+ ב instrumental) Jer 41:10 (twice in verse) (but Jer 41:10 b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, compare ᵐ5 Luc), Jer 41:14, Gen 34:29 (P), 2Ch 28:8 (+ מִן part), + 6 t.; + Jer 43:12 apparently with accusative idols (but see above; accusative land Gie).
b. accusative חֵילוֺ Obadiah 11 הָֽרְכוּשׁ2Ch 21:17, cattle, etc., 1Ch 5:21; 2Ch 14:14
c. participle in periphrastic conjugation (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) שֹׁבִים וְהָיוּ Isa 14:2; participle with suffix = their captives, etc., 1Ki 8:46 2Ch 6:36; Isa 14:2; Jer 50:33, +5 t.; Passive participle Isa 61:1 = captives; חָ֑רֶב כִּשְׁבֻיוֺת Gen 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.
2 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb שְׁבִי Jdg 5:12 lead captive thy captives, compare Psa 68:19; 2Ch 28:17, so (+ מִן person) Num 21:1 (JE), and (accusative שִׁבְיָה) 2Ch 28:5, 2Ch 28:11; ׳שׁ שִׁבְיוֺ Deu 21:10 = take him captive.
Niph`al be taken captive: Perfect3masculine singular נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gen 14:14, of beast Exo 22:9 (E), of י ׳עֵדֶר Jer 13:17; Jer 13:3plural נִשְׁבּוּ, human subject 1Sa 30:8, 1Sa 30:5; 1Ki 8:47 2Ch 6:37; Eze 6:9.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Control47 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0