עָרוּם
ʻârûwm · H6175 · Hebrew · 11 occurrences
Meanings
-
astute, clever, crafty, cunning, prudent
State in which someone is be able to manipulate difficult circumstances in such a way that the outcome is favorable to the planner; sometimes used in a positive sense, but also used in a negative sense
ExamplesGenesis 3:1 Now the serpent was more cunning than any animal of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said to the woman, “Has God really said, ‘You shall not eat from any tree of the garden’?”
Job 5:12 “He frustrates the schemes of the shrewd, So that their hands cannot attain success.
Job 15:5 “For your wrongdoing teaches your mouth, And you choose the language of the cunning.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
What it doesIt is the subject
6 occurrences in 5 groups
- רָאָהto see 2
- כָּסָהto cover 1
- כָּתַרto surround 1
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
- בִּיןto understand, to discern 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- חׇכְמָהwisdom 1
- לָשׁוֹןtongue, language 1
- מַחֲשָׁבָהthought, plan 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- חָכָם châkâm · H2450 · wise, intelligent, able
- The target lexeme (‘subtil,’ i.e., crafty or prudent) and חָכָם (‘cunning, wise’) both describe intellectual shrewdness or wisdom, and are genuine Hebrew near-synonyms.
In the other Testament 1 word
- πανοῦργος panoûrgos · G3835 · scoundrel, crafty fellow
- Greek πανοῦργος (panoûrgos, G3835) (πανοῦργος, "shrewd/adroit") renders Hebrew עָרוּם (ʻârûwm, H6175) (עָרוּם, "crafty/prudent") as its standard translation equivalent in LXX contexts, capturing the semantic range of practical cunning or shrewdness that can be either positively valued (prudence) or negatively construed (craftiness) depending on context.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Wise002001002029
- עָרוּם describes shrewdness or cunning, most famously used of the serpent being more crafty than any beast of the field, and elsewhere of the prudent person who acts with foresight.
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6175. arum עָרוּם adjective crafty, shrewd, sensible; — 1 crafty, ׳ע as predicate, of…
עָרוּם adjective crafty, shrewd, sensible; —
1 crafty, ׳ע as predicate, of serpent Gen 3:1; plural as substantive עֲרוּמִים מַחְשְׁבוֺת Job 5:12, ע ׳לְשׁוֺן Job 15:5.
2 in Proverbs, in good sense (opposed to מֶּתִי כְּסִיל, אֱוִיל,); as attributive עָרוּם אָדָם Pro 12:23 a shrewd or sensible man; ׳ע as substantive = id., Pro 12:16; Pro 13:16, so ע ׳חָכְמַת Pro 13:8; = prudent man Pro 14:15; Pro 22:3; Pro 27:12; plural עֲרוּמִים Pro 14:18.
עֵרָנִי עֵרָן, see below I. עור.
ערס (√ of following).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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