עָצוּם
ʻâtsûwm · H6099 · Hebrew · 31 occurrences
Meanings
-
numerous
State in which humans or animals are numerous and therefore potentially powerful
ExamplesGenesis 18:18 since Abraham will certainly become a great and mighty nation, and in him all the nations of the earth will be blessed?
-
numerous
State in which events happen with a large frequency
ExamplesAmos 5:12 For I know your offenses are many and your sins are great, You who are hostile to the righteous and accept bribes, And turn away the poor from justice at the gate.
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strong, mighty, powerful
State in which humans or deities have physical, political, or military strength
ExamplesPsalm 10:10 Then he crushes the needy one, who cowers; And unfortunate people fall by his mighty power.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הוּhis 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שָׁחַתto destroy, to corrupt 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 1
- הָרַגto kill 1
- חַטָּאָהsin, sin offering 1
- עַםpeople 1
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- אֵתwith 2
- בin/on/with 2
- בֵּיןbetween, among 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 6 words
- עַז ʻaz · H5794 · strong, fierce, powerful
- Both words mean mighty and strong; they overlap substantially in describing strength.
- חָסֹן châçôn · H2634 · strong, powerful
- Both words are adjectives denoting strength and power; they are distinct Hebrew words that can substitute for each other in the sense of "strong" or "mighty."
- חָזָק châzâq · H2389 · strong, powerful, mighty
- The target lexeme and חָזָק both denote strength or might, and are genuinely overlapping near-synonyms (‘strong,’ ‘mighty’).
- שַׂגִּיא saggîyʼ · H7689 · many, exalted, great
- Both lexemes genuinely occupy overlapping semantic space: עָצוּם (ʻâtsûwm, H6099) ("great, mighty, strong") and שַׂגִּיא (saggîyʼ, H7689) ("excellent, great") are both gradable intensity/magnitude adjectives that could substitute for one another in contexts describing greatness or strength. This is a legitimate near-synonym pairing.
- אַמִּיץ ʼammîyts · H533 · strong, powerful, brave
- Both words denote strength or might in persons or groups, with overlapping senses (“mighty,” “strong”).
- אַבִּיר ʼabbîyr · H47 · mighty one, strong-willed, brave
- אַבִּיר (ʼabbîyr, H47) (17×) emphasizes elite warriors, leaders, or valiant beings (also "bull" as strong animal); עָצוּם (ʻâtsûwm, H6099) (31×, family_size 7, broader use) emphasizes great or numerous strength, physical or collective power.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἰσχυρός ischyrós · G2478 · powerful, strong, vigorous
- Greek ἰσχυρός renders Hebrew עָצוּם where physical or military strength/might is in view, both denoting power, force, or capacity to prevail in context.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Quantity002001001046
- עָצוּם describes great numbers, as in the description of the sons of Reuben and Gad having a very large, numerous quantity of livestock.
- Strong002001001063
- The word regularly describes might or power, as in the repeated promise that Abraham's descendants and Israel itself would become a great and mighty nation.
- Frequency002001003009
- The word's sense of a nation becoming numerous ties it to an association with frequent occurrence or multiplication, though this facet is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which emphasize might and number rather than frequency.
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6099. atsum עָצוּם31 adjective mighty, numerous; — ׳ע Gen 18:18 +, plural עֲצוּמִים Isa…
עָצוּם31 adjective mighty, numerous; — ׳ע Gen 18:18 +, plural עֲצוּמִים Isa 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Mic 4:3 +; suffix עֲצוּמָיו Psa 10:10; —
1 mighty, especially of people, strong in numbers (often || גָּדוֺל רַב,) Gen 18:18; Exo 1:9 Exo 1:3t. J E; Deu 4:38 Deu 4:6t. D, Mic 4:3, Mic 4:7; Zec 8:22; Isa 60:22 (opposed to צָעִיר), of locusts Joe 1:6; Joe 2:2, Joe 2:5, compare Joe 2:11; so of חַיִל Dan 11:25; עָצוּם לאֹ עַם, i.e. feeble Pro 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less often of individual ע ׳מְלָכִים Psa 135:10; of waters Isa 8:7; ׳ע alone Pro 18:18 the mighty, Dan 8:24; Psa 10:10 his mighty ones i.e. claws, of lion, so Ew De Che Bae and others).
2 numerous, countless (all || רַב): Amo 5:12; Psa 35:18; as substantive = many Isa 53:12; Pro 7:26. — Isa 41:21 see עֲצֻמָה below III. עצם. below
III. עצם (√ of following, si vera lectio; compare Arabic defend, protect, defence, see Du and compare Thes; > De Di and others your mighty things strong arguments (from עָצוּם, below I. עצם, which following perhaps imitates in vocalization)).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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