עָיֵף
ʻâyêph · H5889 · Hebrew · 17 occurrences
Meanings
-
weary, faint, famished
State in which humans and animals have lost their strength as a result of a prolonged period of exertion and the need for food, drink and rest
ExamplesGenesis 25:29 When Jacob had cooked a stew one day, Esau came in from the field and he was exhausted;
Genesis 25:30 and Esau said to Jacob, “Please let me have a mouthful of that red stuff there, for I am exhausted.” Therefore he was called Edom by name.
Deuteronomy 25:18 how he confronted you on the way and attacked among you all the stragglers at your rear when you were tired and weary; and he did not fear God.
-
dry, parched
Literally: (land is) weary, faint, famished; hence: state in which land is dry and desperately in need of water
ExamplesPsalm 63:1 God, You are my God; I shall be watching for You; My soul thirsts for You, my flesh yearns for You, In a dry and exhausted land where there is no water.
Psalm 143:6 I spread out my hands to You; My soul longs for You, like a weary land. Selah
Isaiah 32:2 Each will be like a refuge from the wind And a shelter from the storm, Like streams of water in a dry country, Like the shade of a huge rock in an exhausted land.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שָׁקָהto give to drink, to water 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 1
- הֵםthey, them 1
- אָנֹכִיI 1
- עַםpeople 1
- אַתָּהyou 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 3
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 6 words
- יָגֵעַ yâgêaʻ · H3023 · weary
- Both words denote states of physical or emotional exhaustion and weariness and could substitute for one another in many contexts.
- דְּוַי dᵉvay · H1741 · illness
- The target lexeme and דְּוַי both denote states of physical or emotional weakness or debilitation, and could plausibly substitute for one another in contexts describing exhaustion or languishing.
- רָפֶה râpheh · H7504 · weak, discouraged
- Both words describe overlapping states of physical debility, “faint, weary” (עָיֵף (ʻâyêph, H5889)) and “weak” (רָפֶה (râpheh, H7504)), denoting a lack of strength or vigor.
- אֲמֵלָל ʼămêlâl · H537 · feeble, miserable
- Both words denote states of physical weakness or exhaustion.
- יָעֵף yâʻêph · H3287 · faint, weary
- Both words describe overlapping states of physical weakness and fatigue (faint, weary), two distinct Hebrew words that could substitute for each other in describing exhaustion or weariness.
- צָמֵא tsâmêʼ · H6771 · thirsty, dry
- עָיֵף (ʻâyêph, H5889) has a broader range (faint, weary, thirsty), while צָמֵא is specifically thirst; in contexts where both denote a thirsty or parched condition, they overlap.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Weak002001001069
- עָיֵף describes being faint or weary, as in the frequent pairing of the weary with the thirsty in wilderness and battle narratives (compare 2 Samuel 16:2, 17:29).
- Dry002001001021
- The word also carries a thirsty sense, describing the parched condition that accompanies weariness (compare 2 Samuel 16:2's provisions "for those who are weary in the wilderness to drink").
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5889. ayeph עָיֵף adjective faint, weary; — ׳ע absolute Gen 25:29 +; feminine עֲיֵפָה…
עָיֵף adjective faint, weary; — ׳ע absolute Gen 25:29 +; feminine עֲיֵפָה Jer 31:25 +; plural עֲיֵפִים Jdg 8:4 +; — from exertion and hunger Gen 25:20, Gen 25:30 (J), Jdg 8:4-5, Deu 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), compare Isa 5:27, לֶע ׳הָנִיחוּ Isa 28:12 (figurative), 2Sa 16:14 (si vera lectio, proper name, of a location needed, compare We Dr HPS); + צָמֵא רָעֵב, 2Sa 17:29; specifically from thirst Isa 29:8 (simile), Job 22:7, ע ׳נֶפֶשׁ Pro 25:25 and (figurative) Jer 31:25 (|| דָּֽאֲבָה); hence וְעָיֵף צִיָּה אֶרֶץ Psa 63:2 (figurative, on masculine see KöSynt. § 334 f.), compare Psa 143:6 (simile), Isa 32:2 (opposed to צֵל, in simile); ׳ע that is beast Isa 46:1 — See also foregoing.
I. עִיר see below I. עור.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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