עֵבֶר
ʻêber · H5676 · Hebrew · 90 occurrences
Meanings
-
side
A reference to part of an object facing a certain direction
ExamplesExodus 28:26 “And you shall make two rings of gold and place them on the two ends of the breastpiece, on the edge of it, which is toward the inner side of the ephod.
Exodus 32:15 Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand, tablets which were written on both sides; they were written on one side and the other.
Exodus 39:19 They made two gold rings and placed them on the two ends of the breastpiece, on its inner edge which was next to the ephod.
-
across, beyond
A reference to a space facing away from a vantage point, situated across a ravine, desert, stream, or the sea
ExamplesGenesis 50:10 When they came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, they mourned there with a very great and sorrowful lamentation; and he observed seven days of mourning for his father.
Genesis 50:11 Now when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a grievous mourning for the Egyptians.” Therefore it was named Abel-mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan.
Deuteronomy 1:1 These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab.
-
in front, straight ahead
Literally: side of the face; hence: a referent pointing to the area facing away from the front
ExamplesExodus 25:37 “Then you shall make its lamps seven in number; and they shall mount its lamps so as to shed light on the space in front of it.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
64 occurrences in 14 groups
- יַרְדֵּןJordan 31
- נָהָרriver 13
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 4
- הוּhis 3
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (13) 13
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- אֶחָדone 2
- הַלָּזthis 1
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
- שְׁנַיִםtwo 1
Named alongside itApposition
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- דֶּרֶךְway, road 1
- עֲרָבָהplain, Arabah, desert 1
- קָצֶהend, edge, border 1
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- קָרָאto call, to cry out 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- שֵׁןtooth, ivory 2
- הוּאhe, she, it 1
- הֵםthey, them 1
- כְּלִיvessel, utensil, weapon 1
- מֵאָהhundred 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
81 occurrences in 6 groups
- מִןfrom 52
- בin/on/with 51
- אֵלto, toward 12
- לto/for 7
- עַדto, as far as, until 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
5 occurrences in 2 groups
- פֶּחָהgovernor 4
- מֶלֶךְking 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- πέραν péran · G4008 · opposite, across from, on the other side of
- Greek πέραν is the standard spatial equivalent for Hebrew עֵבֶר in contexts denoting ‘across,’ ‘beyond,’ or ‘on the other side’ of a geographical boundary such as a river or sea, consistently rendering this locational sense.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Spatial Referents003002005
- עֵבֶר denotes the far side, region beyond, or bank of a geographic feature such as a river, illustrated at Numbers 21:13 ("they camped on the other side of the Arnon") and Deuteronomy 3:8 (the land "beyond the Jordan"), a spatial referent oriented relative to a boundary.
- Names of People003001007
- This entry carries no independent personal-name sense of its own; every tagged occurrence is the common noun for a side or region, as in “We will not have an inheritance with them on the other side of the Jordan and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this side of the Jordan toward the east” (Numbers 32:19). The “Names of People” domain is bundle-shared with the related personal name עֵבֵר (ʻÊbêr, H5677), which it is not independently attested as here.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5676. eber I. עֵ֫בֶר91 noun masculine1Sa 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on…
I. עֵ֫בֶר91 noun masculine1Sa 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on formation compare BaNB 144; compare especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, id., êbirtan, adverb beyond); — ׳י absolute 1Sa 14:4 +; construct Jos 24:4 +; suffix עֶבְרוֺ Isa 47:15; plural construct עֶבְרֵי Isa 7:20; Jer 48:28 (si vera lectio, see below); suffix עֲבָרָיו 1Ki 5:4; Jer 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Exo 32:15; —
1 region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly with preposition:אַרְנוֺן בְּעֵבֶר Num 21:13 (JE) Jdg 11:18, compare Jer 25:22; ׳אֶלעֿ הַיָּם Deu 30:13 b, לַיָּם מַעֵבֶר Deu 30:13 a beyond the sea; ׳מֵע לְנַהֲרֵיכֿוּשׁ Isa 18:1, compare ׳עַדמֵֿע 1Ki 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, see מִן
1c; so usually with ׳ע); but also (rarely) ׳מֵע from the other side of Zep 3:10; Job 1:19; 2Ch 20:2; absolute ׳הַע 1Sa 26:13 to the other side (that is, of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); הָעֵמֶק בְּעֵבֶר 1Sa 31:7, read perhaps הָע ׳בְּעָרֵי, so Klo Bu HPS; פִיפָֿ֑חַת בְּעֶבְרֵי Jer 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dubious; Gie proposes בַתֹּת כֵפֵי בְּחֹרֵי in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, 37 t.) ׳ע הַיַּרְדֵּן (30 t.), or (less often, Jos 13:32 Jos 13:13t.), יְרֵחוֺ לְיַרְדֵּן לַיַּרְדֵּן, (only with ׳מֵע), of either east Jordan (36 t.) or west Jordan land (9 t.) according to standpoint of speaker or writer:
A. east Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Gen 50:10-11, (J) Jos 17:5 (JE) Deu 1:1, Deu 1:5; Deu 4:41, Deu 4:46, Deu 4:47, Deu 4:49; Jos 1:14; Jos 12:1; Jos 13:8 (D), Num 22:1; Num 32:19; Num 34:15; Jos 13:27, Jos 13:32; Jos 14:3; Jos 20:8 (P), Jdg 7:25; Jdg 10:8; 1Sa 31:7; Isaiah 8:23; 1Ch 6:63; 1Ch 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Jos 7:7 (JE), Jos 24:8 (E), Jos 1:15; Jos 2:10; Jos 9:10; Jos 18:7; Jos 22:4 (D), Jdg 5:17; in Num 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposed to to Can., compare Num 32:32; in Deu 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topographical note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Deu 4:49 +, הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מִזְרַח Jos 1:15 +, etc.); יִשְׂר בְּנֵי ׳אֶלעֵֿבֶר Jos 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel apparently also refers to east side (see Steuern on text).
B. West Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker Deu 3:20, Deu 3:25 (Moses), also Deu 11:30 (but here + הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מְכוֺא, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Jos 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Jos 12:7 (opposite East Jos 12:1-6), Jos 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), compare Jos 9:1 (as Jos 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Num 32:19 a (opposite East vb); in 1Ch 26:30 ׳ע ׳מֵע ׳לַיַּר מַעֲרָ֑בָה seems = side (see below). Also ׳בְּע הַנָּהָר beyond the river (Euphrates) Jos 24:2, Jos 24:14, Jos 24:15 (E; Kt Qr ׳מֵע), ׳מֵע 2Sa 10:16 = 1Ch 19:16 beyond, and 1Ki 14:5 to the other side of (see מִן 1c); ׳מֵע from beyond the river only Jos 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphrase eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphrase; so plural הַנּ ׳בְּעֶבְרֵי Isa 7:20; possibly also ׳ע alone (si vera lectio) in the difficult passage Num 24:24; ׳ע הַנָּהָר = region beyond the river (Euphrase) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Neh 2:7, Neh 2:9; Neh 3:7; Ezr 8:36; also 1Ki 5:4 (twice in verse) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and DrIntr (6) 504). **Compare late Assyrian ebir nari SchrKB iv. 304, l. 7 from below; KAT 3. 188, 437.
2 (Opposite) side, side: ׳מֵע הַלָּז 1Sa 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; ׳מֵהָע מִזֶּה twice, 1Sa 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so ׳לְע אֶחָד twice 1Sa 14:40; even עִבְרֵיהֶם מִשְּׁנֵי Exo 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); ׳אֶלעֿ בָּ֑יְתָה הָאֵפוֺד Exo 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of theephod; in 1Ki 7:20, 1Ki 7:30 ׳ע apparently = at the side of or opposite, but the architectural details are obscure; מִסָּבִיב מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו 1Ki 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jer 49:32 (read עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ Jer 49:5); יֵלֵ֑כוּ מָּנָיו אֶלעֵֿבֶר to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Eze 1:9, Eze 1:12; Eze 10:22, compare ׳עַלעֿ מָּנֶיהָ Exo 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; תָּעוּ לְעֶבְרוֺ אִישׁ Isa 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee). — On 1Ch 26:30 see above
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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