עֶבֶד

H5650. ebed
I. עֶ֫בֶד799 noun masculine slave, servant (on formation LagBN 77); — ׳ע Gen 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Gen 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Gen 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Gen 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Gen 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Gen 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Gen 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Lev 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Jos 9:11 +, etc.; —
1 slave, servant of household Gen 39:17, Gen 39:19; Gen 41:12; Gen 50:2; Exo 21:2 +; man-servant, || אמה Exo 20:10; Lev 25:6; Deu 5:14; Job 31:13 +; || שׁפחה Gen 12:16; Gen 32:6; Jer 34:11; Isa 14:2 +; + אדון Deu 23:16; Isa 24:2; Mal 1:6 +; כֶּסֶף מִקְנַת Exo 12:44 or בַּיִת יְלִיד Jer 2:14; עֲבָדִים עֶבֶד servant of servants, humblest servant, Gen 9:25; עֲבָדִים בֵּית house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exo 13:3, Exo 13:14 (D ?) Deu 5:6; Deu 6:12; Deu 7:8; Deu 8:14; Deu 13:6; Deu 13:11; Jos 24:17; Jdg 6:8; Jer 34:13; Mic 6:4; ב(ארץׅ מצרים היית עבד כי וזכרת and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deu 5:15; Deu 15:15; Deu 16:12; Deu 24:18, Deu 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to ׳י Jer 25:9; Jer 27:6; Jer 43:10; the borrower to the lender Pro 22:7; figurative of beast Job 40:28; of things Gen 47:19.
2 Subjects, of chief Gen 26:15, Gen 26:19, Gen 26:25, Gen 26:32; Gen 27:37; Gen 32:17 (twice in verse) +; of king Gen 21:25; Exodus 7:28; Exodus 7:29; 1Ki 9:27; Deu 29:1 +; vassal kings 2Sa 10:19; tributary nations 2Sa 8:2, 2Sa 8:6, 2Sa 8:14 = 1Ch 18:2, 1Ch 18:6, 1Ch 18:13; specifically officers of king 1Sa 19:1; 1Sa 21:8; 2Sa 11:13; Pro 14:35 +; פַרְעֹה עַבְדֵי Gen 40:20; Gen 41:10; ׳ע שָׁאוּל 1Sa 16:17; 1Sa 18:22; 1Sa 28:7; ׳ע הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Ki 1:47; Est 3:3 +; הַמֶּלֶךְ עֶבֶד 2Ki 22:12 2Ch 34:20 (a court offical); opposed to שַׂר Pro 19:10; Ecc 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Pro 30:22; ambassadors Num 22:18; 2Sa 10:2; soldiers of army 1Sa 17:8; 1Sa 25:10; 2Sa 2:12, + officers of army 1Sa 29:3; 1Ki 11:26; 2Ki 25:8; Isa 36:9.
3 Servants, worshippers, of God: יהוה עַבְדֵי 2Ki 9:7; 2Ki 10:23; Isa 54:17, compare Gen 50:17; Isa 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Deu 32:36 = Psa 135:14; Isa 65:15; Isa 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37; Neh 2:20; || עַמּוֺ Psa 105:25 compare Deu 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Isa 65:8-9, Isa 65:13 (twice in verse); Isa 69:13; Isa 69:14; עֲבָדֶיךָ 1Ki 8:23; Isa 63:17 (|| נחלתך שִׁבְטֵי), Psa 89:51; Psa 90:13; Psa 90:16; Psa 102:15; Psalm 102:29; Psa 119:91; Psa 79:2; Psa 79:10 (|| חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Lev 25:42, Lev 25:55 (twice in verse); Lev 26:13 (P); עַבְדְּךָ Psa 119:125; Psa 143:2, || בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Psa 86:16; Psa 116:16 (twice in verse); specifically angels Job 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exo 32:13 (J) Deu 9:27; Abraham Gen 26:24 (J) Psa 105:6; Psa 105:42; Isaac Gen 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Eze 28:25; Eze 37:25; 1Ch 16:13; Moses Exo 14:31; Jos 18:7 (J) Num 12:7-8, (E) Deu 34:5 (?) Jos 1:1-2, Jos 1:7, Jos 1:13, Jos 1:15; Jos 8:31, Jos 8:33; Jos 9:24; Jos 11:12, Jos 11:15; Jos 12:6 (twice in verse); Jos 13:8; Jos 14:7; Jos 22:2, Jos 22:4, Jos 22:5 (all D), 1Ki 8:53, 1Ki 8:56; 2Ki 18:12; 2Ki 21:8; 1Ch 6:34; 2Ch 1:3; 2Ch 24:6, 2Ch 24:9; Neh 1:8; Neh 9:14; Neh 10:30; Psa 105:26; Malachi 3:22; Dan 9:11; Joshua Jos 24:29 (E) Jdg 2:8; Caleb Num 14:24 (J); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7-8, (3 t. in verse); David 2Sa 3:18; 2Sa 7:5, 2Sa 7:8, 2Sa 7:26 2Sa 7:27t.; Hezekiah 2Ch 32:16; Zerubbabel Hag 2:23; Eliakim Isa 22:20. — The צֶמַח Zec 3:8; compare Zec 6:12 is also servant of ׳י as Messianic builder of temple (see BrMP 442 ff).
4 Servant of ׳י, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Psa 113:1; Psa 134:1; Psa 135:1; usually of prophets, הַנְּבִיאִים עֲבָדַי my servants the prophets 2Ki 9:7; 2Ki 17:13; Jer 7:25; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:15; Jer 44:4; Eze 38:17; Zec 1:6; הַנְּבִיאִים עֲבָדָיו 2Ki 17:23; 2Ki 21:10; 2Ki 24:2; Jer 25:4; Amo 3:7; Dan 9:10; הנביאים עֲבָדֶיךָ Ezr 9:11; Dan 9:6; specifically Ahia 1Ki 14:18; 1Ki 15:29; Elijah 2Ki 9:36; 2Ki 10:10; Jonah 2Ki 14:25; Isaiah Isa 20:3; עַבְדּוֺ, || מלאכיו Isa 44:26; as one calling to fear ׳י Isa 50:10.
5 Israel as a people is servant of יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳׃י Isa 41:8-9, Isa 44:21 (twice in verse); Isa 49:3; Psa 136:22; יעקב Isa 44:1; Isa 44:2; Isa 45:4; Isa 48:20; Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27; Jeremiah 47:28; עַבְדִּי = יהוה עֶבֶד, || מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isa 42:19 (twice in verse); and chosen as witness of ׳י Isa 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isa 42:1 (compare Isa 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isa 49:5-6, Isa 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isa 52:13; Isa 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contrasted with the actual; al. of personified || with Zion the wife and mother, distinguished from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isaiah 53) of an actual prophecy known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Mat 8:16-17, Mat 12:16-21; Luk 4:17-22; Phi 2:5-11]; see DeIsa ii. 174 DaExpos. 1884, 358 ff. Di Du Che and others on Isaiah 42; Isaiah 53, DrIs 168 ff. BrMP 345 ff., also GieBeitr. 146 ff. BertholIsaiah 53.
6 In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I, Gen 18:3; 1Sa 20:7-8, (twice in verse); 2Ki 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Gen 42:11; Isa 36:11; also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1Sa 26:18-19, 2Sa 14:22; 2Sa 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exo 4:10; Num 11:11; Jdg 15:18; 1Sa 3:9-10, 1Sa 25:39; 2Sa 24:10; Psa 19:12; Psa 19:14; Psa 27:9; Psa 31:17; Psa 35:27; Psa 69:18; Psa 109:28; Psa 143:2 +.
7 Phrases are: עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Gen 9:26-27, Gen 44:10, Gen 44:16, Gen 44:17, Gen 44:33; Gen 47:19, Gen 47:26 (J) Deu 6:21; Deu 15:17; 2Sa 8:14; 2Ki 17:3; 2Ki 24:1; 1Ch 18:2, 1Ch 18:6, 1Ch 18:13; 2Ch 10:7; Pro 11:29; Pro 12:9; Pro 22:7; לעבד היה, with לְ person, Gen 44:9 (J) Gen 50:18 (E) 1Sa 8:17; 1Sa 17:9 (twice in verse); 1Sa 27:12; 2Sa 8:2, 2Sa 8:6; Jer 34:16; לעבדים כבשׁ2Ch 28:10; Neh 5:5; Jer 34:11; לע ׳לקח Gen 43:18 (J) 2Ki 4:1; Job 40:28.