Word

עֲבַד

ʻăbad · H5649 · Aramaic · 7 occurrences

See all 7 in Search

Meanings

slave, servant, officer, official, subject, vassal

Man who is under the authority of someone else as that person's legal property, employee, subject, or vassal; or someone who presents himself as such when speaking to someone of importance or praying to God

Examples
Ezra 4:11 this is a copy of the letter which they sent to him: “To King Artaxerxes: Your servants, the men of the region beyond the Euphrates River; and now
Ezra 5:11 “So they answered us as follows, saying, ‘We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and finished.
Daniel 2:4 Then the Chaldeans spoke to the king in Aramaic: “O king, live forever! Tell the dream to your servants, and we will declare the interpretation.”

How it’s used In 4 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

7 occurrences in 3 groups

הוּhis 4
ךָyour 2
אֱלָהּGod, god 1

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

3 occurrences in 6 groups

אֱלָהּGod, god 2
יְהַבdeliver 1
סְגִדworship 1
פְּלַחminister 1
רְחַץtrust 1
שְׁנָאalter 1

Named alongside itApposition

4 occurrences in 4 groups

דָּנִיֵּאלDaniel 1
הִמּוֹare 1
אֱנָשׁhuman 1
שַׁדְרַךְShadrach 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 1 groups

לto/for 6

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words

παῖς paîs · G3816 · child, offspring: παῖς (paîs, G3816) παῖς emphasizes the subordinate status and youth/dependence aspect of servanthood (etymologically 'child/boy,' extended to servant), while עֲבַד (ʻăbad, H5649) עֲבַד is the neutral Aramaic term for servant/slave without inherent age or dependency connotations.
עֶבֶד ʻebed · H5650 · slave, servant, officer: עֲבַד (ʻăbad, H5649) (Aramaic עֲבַד) and עֶבֶד (ʻebed, H5650) (Hebrew עֶבֶד) are cognate reflexes of the same Semitic root denoting 'servant/slave,' representing the expected Hebrew-Aramaic lexical correspondence for this core concept across the two sister languages of the biblical corpus.

Semantic domains 3 entries

Classes001001003001: Ezra 4:11 introduces the accusatory letter to Artaxerxes, “this is a copy of the letter which they sent to him: ‘To King Artaxerxes: Your servants, the men of the region beyond the Euphrates River; and now.’”
Officials001001003007: Daniel 2:4 has the Chaldeans tell the king, “O king, live forever! Tell the dream to your servants, and we will declare the interpretation.”
Serve002003002023: Daniel 3:26 has Nebuchadnezzar call out, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, come out, you servants of the Most High God, and come here!”

Word family 11 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

עָבַד ʻâbad · H5647 · to serve (someone), to make (someone) serve (someone else) · 288×עֶבֶד ʻebed · H5650 · slave, servant, officer · 800×עֲבֹדָה ʻăbôdâh · H5656 · work, labor, service · 145×עֲבַד ʻăbad · H5648 · cut, do, execute · 28×עֲבַדʻăbad · H5649עֲבִידָה ʻăbîydâh · H5673 · affairs, service, work · 6×עַבְדוּת ʻabdûwth · H5659 · slavery, bondage · 3×עֲבֻדָּה ʻăbuddâh · H5657 · slaves · 2×מַעְבָּד maʻbâd · H4566 · work, deed · 1×מַעְבָד maʻbâd · H4567 · work · 1×עֲבָד ʻăbâd · H5652 · deed · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5649. abad [עֲבַד Dp.105, or עֲבֵד K§ 54, 3. γ)] noun masculine slave, servant (Biblical…

H5649. abad
[עֲבַד Dp.105, or עֲבֵד K§ 54, 3. γ)]
noun masculine slave, servant (Biblical Hebrew עֶ֫בֶד); — construct עֲבֵד Dan 6:21 servant of God; plural suffix of king, עבדיך Kt (K§ 53 Anm. b)), עַבְדָּךְ Qr Ezr 4:11, עַבְדָךְ Qr Dan 2:4; suffix of God, עַבְד֫וֺתִי, Dan 3:26, Dan 3:28; Ezr 5:11, of king Dan 2:7.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Classes7 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0