Word

נָאַף

nâʼaph · H5003 · Hebrew · 31 occurrences

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Meanings

to commit adultery

Action by which married humans have voluntary sexual intercourse with other humans who are not their spouse; often used as a metaphor for treachery or idolatry

Examples
Exodus 20:14 “You shall not commit adultery.
Leviticus 20:10 ‘If there is a man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, one who commits adultery with his friend’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.
Deuteronomy 5:18 ‘You shall not commit adultery.

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

17 occurrences in 8 groups

Not stated: they 5
Not stated: he, she or it 3
Not stated (infinitive) 3
Not stated: you (one person) 2
כַּלָּהdaughter-in-law 1
מְשׁוּבָהdefection 1

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

5 occurrences in 3 groups

אִשָּׁהwoman, wife 4
עֵץtree, wood 1
אֶבֶןstone 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

1 occurrences in 1 groups

אֵתwith+ גִּלּוּלimage 1

With adverbsAdverbs

2 occurrences in 1 groups

לֹאnot 2

Named alongside itApposition

2 occurrences in 2 groups

עֲצָרָהsolemn assembly 1
אִשָּׁהwoman, wife 1

What it doesIt is the subject

3 occurrences in 2 groups

מוּתto die 2
פָּרַץto burst 1

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

חָסֵרlacking 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

3 occurrences in 3 groups

הֵנָּהthey 1
חֵלֶקportion, share, part 1
הֶםtheir 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

2 occurrences in 2 groups

עִםwith 1
בin/on/with 1

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

4 occurrences in 3 groups

מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 2
זֶרַעoffspring, seed 1
עַיִןeye, sight 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words

μοιχαλίς moichalís · G3428 · adulteress, unfaithful, adulterous: Greek noun specifically denoting a female adulterer, corresponding to the feminine forms within נָאַף (nâʼaph, H5003)'s semantic range (adulteress, woman that breaketh wedlock).
μοιχεύω moicheúō · G3431 · to commit adultery, adultery: μοιχεύω (moicheúō, G3431) μοιχεύω is the standard Greek verb for committing adultery, serving as the direct verbal equivalent to נָאַף (nâʼaph, H5003) נָאַף across the semantic domain of marital unfaithfulness.

Semantic domains 1 entry

Unfaithful002001002027: נָאַף denotes committing adultery, used both literally of marital unfaithfulness (as forbidden in the Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:14) and figuratively of Israel's unfaithfulness to the LORD through idolatry, tying the word to a breach of covenant faithfulness.

Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

נָאַףnâʼaph · H5003נִאֻף niʼuph · H5004 · adultery · 2×נַאֲפוּף naʼăphûwph · H5005 · adultery · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5003. naaph [נאַף] verb commit adultery (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic נְאַף (rare)): — Qal…

H5003. naaph
[נאַף] verb commit adultery (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic נְאַף (rare)): —
Qal Imperfect3masculine singular יִנְאַף Lev 20:10 (twice in verse); 3masculine plural וַיִּנְאָ֑פוּ Jer 5:7 Jer 5:3t. Imperfect; Infinitive absolute נָאוֺף Jer 23:14; נָאֹף Hos 4:2; Jer 7:9; Participle נֹאֵף Pro 6:32; Job 24:15; feminine singular נֹאָ֑פֶת Lev 20:10; feminine plural נֹאֲפוֺת Eze 16:38 Eze 16:2t.; —
1 literally commit adultery:
a. usually of man, always with wife of another; with accusative woman, Lev 20:10 (twice in verse) (H), Pro 6:32; elsewhere absolute Exo 20:14 = Deu 5:17 (Ten Words), Jer 5:7; Jer 7:9; Jer 23:14; Hos 4:2; participle masculine Lev 20:10 (H), Job 24:15.
b. of women, only participle Lev 20:10 (H), Eze 16:38; Eze 23:45 (twice in verse).
2 figurative of idolatrous worship, העץ ואת האבן את Jer 3:9.
Piel Perfect3feminine singular נִאֲפָה Jer 3:8; Jer 3:3masculine plural נִאֵ֑פוּ Eze 23:37 (twice in verse); Imperfect3masculine plural יְנַאֲפוּ Jer 29:23; Jer 29:3feminine plural תְּנָאַפְנָה Hos 4:13-14, Participle מְנָאֵף Isa 57:3; plural מְנָאֲפִים Jer 9:1 Jer 9:4t.; feminine מְנָאָ֑פֶת Pro 30:20 Pro 30:2t.; —
1 literally commit adultery:
a. of man, with accusative woman, Jer 29:23; absolute Eze 23:37; pt plural Jer 9:2; Jer 23:10; Hos 7:4; Mal 3:5; Psa 50:18.
b. of woman, absolute Hos 4:13-14, participle Hos 3:1; Pro 30:20; plural Eze 16:32.
2 figurative of idolatrous worship, אֶתגִּֿלּוּלֵיהֶם Eze 23:37; absolute Jer 3:8, מְנָאֵף זֶאֶרַע Isa 57:3.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Unfaithful31 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0