מָרוּד
mârûwd · H4788 · Hebrew · 3 occurrences
Meanings
-
restlessness, affliction
Literally: restlessness; hence: state in which humans are experiencing hard times in which it is hard to feel at rest
ExamplesIsaiah 58:7 “Is it not to break your bread with the hungry And bring the homeless poor into the house; When you see the naked, to cover him; And not to hide yourself from your own flesh?
Lamentations 1:7 In the days of her affliction and homelessness Jerusalem remembers all her treasures That were hers since the days of old, When her people fell into the hand of the adversary And no one helped her. The adversaries saw her, They laughed at her ruin.
Lamentations 3:19 Remember my misery and my homelessness, the wormwood and bitterness.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יmy 1
- הּher 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- עָנִיpoor, afflicted 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- זָכַרto remember 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יוֹםday, time 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- אָמַל ʼâmal · H535 · to languish, to wither
- אֻמְלַל describes a state of feebleness and languishing affliction, overlapping semantically with מָרוּד's sense of misery and being cast down, though אֻמְלַל emphasizes physical weakness while מָרוּד emphasizes the state of being cast out or in distress.
- עָנִי ʻânîy · H6041 · afflicted, poor, humble
- עָנִי denotes one who is afflicted, poor, or in a state of misery, closely paralleling מָרוּד's sense of being in misery or distress, though עָנִי more commonly emphasizes economic poverty alongside affliction.
Contrasting words 1 word
- שָׁלוֹם shâlôwm · H7965 · completely, wholly, peace
- שָׁלוֹם denotes peace, completeness, and welfare—the lexical opposite of מָרוּד's state of misery and being cast out. Where מָרוּד describes distress and affliction, שָׁלוֹם describes wholeness and prosperity.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ταλαιπωρία talaipōría · G5004 · hardship, wretchedness
- Greek ταλαιπωρία denotes misery, distress, and wretchedness, directly corresponding to the sense of מָרוּד as a state of misery or affliction. This is the standard LXX/NT translation equivalent for Hebrew terms denoting wretchedness.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Unsafe002003003022
- The word denotes being cast out or living in misery, a condition of danger and hardship.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4788. marud [מָרוֺד, Köil. l, 127 f.] noun [masculine] restlessness, straying (?); —…
[מָרוֺד, Köil. l, 127 f.] noun [masculine] restlessness, straying (?); — suffix וּמְרוּדִי עָנְיִי Lam 3:19; plural suffix וּמְרוּדֶיהָ עָנְיָהּ יְמֵי Lam 1:7 (read probably מְרוּדָהּ NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 539); plural מְרוּדִים וַעֲנִיִּם Isa 58:7, usually concrete the wandering (homeless) poor (Di thinks old Qal passive Participle; CheComm. reads Hoph`al מוּרָדִים; BuhlLex Hiph`il מָרִידִים; Köii. 1, 128 takes ᵑ0 abstract for concrete [apposition of ׳וַע]; so Du CheHpt [׳וַע gloss], read perhaps participle רָדִים (מ dittograph)).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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