יָשָׁר

זַךְ zak · H2134 · pure, pure > innocent

Both words denote moral and ethical purity and rightness, and could be used synonymously in contexts of moral cleanness or uprightness.

תָּמִים tâmîym · H8549 · whole, complete, full

Both words include "upright"; יָשָׁר (yâshâr, H3477) adds "just, right(-eous)," while תָּמִים (tâmîym, H8549) adds "perfect, complete, without blemish," and so carries a stronger connotation of completeness and wholeness; both operate in the moral and ethical register.

חָסִיד châçîyd · H2623 · loyal person, faithful person, godly person

Both words denote moral and ethical rectitude: "godly, holy" and "upright, just, righteous" overlap substantially in describing persons faithful to covenantal or ethical norms.

תָּם tâm · H8535 · joined, perfect

Both words denote moral and ethical qualities of integrity and uprightness, and "upright" appears in both; they describe personal moral character.

שָׁלֵם shâlêm · H8003 · whole, complete, intact

The senses differ in emphasis: יָשָׁר (yâshâr, H3477) focuses on rightness/straightness/uprightness, while שָׁלֵם (shâlêm, H8003) centers on completeness/wholeness/perfection. The overlap appears real but partial—integrity/faithfulness from different angles (moral rectitude vs. completeness of character).

εὐθύς euthýs · G2117 · straight, direct, just

Greek εὐθύς represents the literal spatial sense 'straight/level' and extends to moral/ethical straightness parallel to יָשָׁר's core semantic range of 'upright/right/straight,' functioning as a direct cross-linguistic equivalent in both physical and ethical registers attested in LXX alignment data.

ἀληθινός alēthinós · G228 · real, really, true

Greek ἀληθινός emphasizes the quality of genuineness and truthfulness as an essential attribute, while Hebrew יָשָׁר centers on moral rectitude and straightness as conformity to a standard; the overlap occurs where truth and uprightness converge in describing what is morally genuine and right.

ἀρεστός arestós · G701 · pleasing, proper, right

Greek ἀρεστός emphasizes subjective approval or acceptability ('agreeable, pleasing'), whereas Hebrew יָשָׁר focuses on objective moral rightness or straightness ('upright, straight, right'), though both converge in contexts where what is morally right is also what pleases (particularly divine approval).

Shape002001001052

The adjective describes something straight in form, a direct path or course as opposed to a crooked one, part of its glossed range "straight."

Right002001003013

The adjective is the common word for what is right or just, as in doing what is right in the sight of the LORD in Exodus 15:26 and Deuteronomy 6:18.

Faithful002001002008

The adjective describes uprightness of character marked by faithful, steady conduct, as with the upright whose death the prophet Balaam wishes to share in Numbers 23:10.

Innocent002003003015

The adjective describes moral integrity and innocence of wrongdoing, the upright person's freedom from guilt, in keeping with its glossed sense "just... upright."

Just002001002016

The adjective describes just and equitable conduct, doing what is right and good in the sight of the LORD, as in Deuteronomy 6:18 and 12:8.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.