יָסַר
yâçar · H3256 · Hebrew · 43 occurrences
Meanings
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to discipline
The action by which humans or deities respond to the negative behavior of other humans by administering punishment, from a verbal rebuke to physical correction, often with corrective intent but sometimes as retribution
ExamplesLeviticus 26:18 ‘If also after these things you do not obey Me, then I will punish you seven times more for your sins.
Leviticus 26:28 then I will act with wrathful hostility against you, and I for My part will punish you seven times for your sins.
Deuteronomy 8:5 “So you are to know in your heart that the LORD your God was disciplining you just as a man disciplines his son.
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to accept discipline
Literally: to be disciplined; hence: action by which humans bring themselves to a position of submission before God, as a result of his disciplinary actions
ExamplesLeviticus 26:23 ‘And if by these things you do not learn your lesson regarding Me, but you show hostility toward Me,
Psalm 2:10 Now then, you kings, use insight; Let yourselves be instructed, you judges of the earth.
Jeremiah 6:8 “Be warned, Jerusalem, Or I shall be alienated from you, And make you a desolation, An uninhabited land.”
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to scourge
Action by which humans in a position of authority treat their subjects with aggression and harshness
Examples1 Kings 12:11 ‘Now then, my father loaded you with a heavy yoke; yet I will add to your yoke. My father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions!’”
1 Kings 12:14 and he spoke to them according to the advice of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions!”
2 Chronicles 10:11 ‘Now then, my father loaded you with a heavy yoke; yet I will add to your yoke. My father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions!’”
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to charge
Causative action by which deities use strong persuasion to cause humans to adhere to a prescribed action
ExamplesIsaiah 8:11 For so the LORD spoke to me with mighty power and instructed me not to walk in the way of this people, saying,
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to direct, to be in charge
State in which humans are in control of a group of people by virtue of knowledge or position
Examples1 Chronicles 15:22 Chenaniah, chief of the Levites, was in charge of the singing; he gave instruction in singing because he was skillful.
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to instruct
Causative action by which humans or deities cause humans to possess particular knowledge
ExamplesDeuteronomy 4:36 “Out of the heavens He let you hear His voice to discipline you; and on earth He let you see His great fire, and you heard His words from the midst of the fire.
Psalm 16:7 I will bless the LORD who has advised me; Indeed, my mind instructs me in the night.
Psalm 94:12 Blessed is the man whom You discipline, LORD, And whom You teach from Your Law,
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to strengthen
Literally: to strengthen (someone's) arms; hence: causative action by which deities cause nations to be powerful
ExamplesHosea 7:15 Although I trained and strengthened their arms, Yet they devise evil against Me.
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to strengthen
Causative action by which humans cause other humans to be mentally strong
ExamplesJob 4:3 “Behold, you have taught many, And you have strengthened weak hands.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
40 occurrences in 17 groups
- Not stated: you (one person) 10
- Not stated: I 5
- אָבfather 4
- אֲנִיI 4
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (17) 17
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
33 occurrences in 10 groups
- כֶםyou 8
- נִיme 7
- וֹhim 5
- ךָּyou 4
- בֵּןson 3
- Other words · 5 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
20 occurrences in 15 groups
- בin/on/with+ שׁוֹטwhip 4
- לto/for+ מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 3
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 2
- אַלnot, do not 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- גּוֹיnation, people 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לָקַחto take, to receive 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יָדַעto know 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- כְּנַנְיָהChenaniah 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לto/for 2
- כlike/as 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- יָכַח yâkach · H3198 · to settle disputes, arbiter, to correct
- Both words denote disciplinary and corrective actions with clear overlap, arguing and rebuking versus chastening and instructing, in the sense of "discipline, correct, rebuke."
- עָנַשׁ ʻânash · H6064 · to fine, to punish, to pay the penalty
- יָסַר (yâçar, H3256) has a broader range (instruction, correction, discipline) while עָנַשׁ (ʻânash, H6064) is more narrowly focused on judicial punishment/amercement, but both overlap in the punitive chastening sense.
Semantic domains 8 entries
- Chastise002003002005
- יָסַר most often means to chasten or discipline, as the LORD warns Israel He will 'punish' them sevenfold more for persistent disobedience (Leviticus 26:18, 23, 28).
- Willing002001002028
- יָסַר can describe a disciplined will submitting to correction, the disposition produced by accepting instruction.
- Unsafe002003003022
- יָסַר carries a harsh, punitive edge, the danger and pain inflicted through chastisement.
- Urge002003003023
- יָסַר can carry a sense of urging or compelling correction, pressing someone toward changed behavior.
- Control002003002007
- יָסַר involves exerting control over another through discipline, bringing behavior into line through correction.
- Know002004002007
- יָסַר ties discipline to instruction that produces knowledge or learned understanding, as Israel is meant to 'learn your lesson' through correction (Leviticus 26:23).
- Strong002001001063
- יָסַר can describe a forceful or severe application of correction, the strength behind the chastening act.
- Confident002001002003
- יָסַר can result in confident, corrected assurance once discipline has done its instructive work.
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3256. yasar [יָסַר] verb discipline, chasten, admonish (Talmud יִ(י)סּוֺר ᵑ7…
[יָסַר] verb discipline, chasten, admonish (Talmud יִ(י)סּוֺר ᵑ7 chastisement; but Aramaic יְסַר is bind ) —
Qal Imperfect3masculine suffix וְיִסְּרֵנִי Isa 8:11 (Di De SS see Bo§ 1103 Ew§ 249 d, but Thes MV Che and others
Pi`el Perfect); 1 singular suffix וְאֶסְֳּרֵם Hos 10:10 (Ges§ 71); Infinitive absolute יָסֹר 1Ch 15:22 (noun Ke, point as participle Öttli); Participle יֹסֵר Pro 9:7; Psa 94:10; יסורי Jer 17:13 Kt see סוּר; —
1 admonish Isa 8:11 (followed by suffix + מִלֶּכֶת away from walking, i. e. not to walk), Pro 9:7 (|| מוֺכִיחַ).
2 instruct, 1Ch 15:22.
3 discipline, of God Hos 10:10; Psa 94:10.
Niph`al Imperfect עֶ֫בֶד יִוָּ֫סֶר Pro 29:19; אִוָּסֵר Jer 31:18; תִּוָּסְרוּ Lev 26:23; Imperative feminine הִוָּסְרִי Jer 6:8; masculine plural הִיָסְרוּ Psa 2:10; — (Niph`al tolerate., Ges§ 51. 2), let oneself be corrected, admonished by words of man Psa 2:10; Pro 29:19); let oneself be chastened by discipline of God Jer 6:8; Jer 31:18; Lev 26:23.
Pi`el Perfect יִסַּר 1Ki 12:11 1Ki 12:3t.; suffix יִסְּרַנִּי Psa 118:18; יִסְּרוֺ Isa 28:26; Isa 28:3feminine suffix יִסְּרַתּוּ Pro 31:1-2;masculine יִסַּרְתָּ Psa 39:12; Job 4:3, etc. + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְיַסֵּר Deu 8:5; Deu 8:2masculine suffix תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ Psa 94:12, etc. + 5 t. Imperfect; Imperative יַסֵּר Pro 19:18; Pro 29:17; suffix יַסְּרֵנִי Jer 10:24; Infinitive absolute יַסֹּר Psa 118:18; construct יַסְּרָה Lev 26:18; suffix יַסְּרֶ֑ךָּDeu 4:36; Participle מְיַסְּרֶ֑ךָּ Deu 8:5; —
1 discipline, correct (the moral nature, with more or less severity according to circumstances):
a. of God, with accusative Hos 7:15 (of training arms), Deu 4:36 (see Dr), Deu 8:5 (Israel as son), Isa 28:26, happy the man יהּ תיסרנו אשׁר Psa 94:12 Psa 118:18 (twice in verse)
b. of man, with accusative Deu 8:5; Pro 19:18; Pro 29:17 (all of a father his son), Job 4:3; Pro 31:1; Psa 16:7 my reins (the emotions of my own heart) correct, admonish me.
2 more severely, chasten, chastise:
a. of God, followed by accusative of person, Jer 31:18; תְיַסְּרֵנִי אַלבַּֿחֲמָֽתְךָ Psa 6:2; Psa 38:2; באף אל בְּמשׁפט Jer 10:24; למשׁפט Jer 30:11 = Jer 46:28; חטאת על Lev 26:18, Lev 26:28; עון על בתוכחות Psa 39:12.
b. of man, a father his son Deu 21:18; elders a man Deu 22:18 (including, as perhaps Deu 21:18, bodily chastisement); a king his subjects בַּשּׁוֺטִים and בָּעַקְרַבִּים 1Ki 12:11, 1Ki 12:14 2Ch 10:11, 2Ch 10:14.
c. רָֽעָתֵךְ תְּיַסְּרֵךְ Jer 2:19 thy badness will chastise thee.
Nithp. Perfect נִוַּסְּרוּ Eze 23:48 (for נִתְוַסְּרוּ Ges§ 55 R. 7); passive be disciplined, corrected.
Hiph`il Imperfect1singular suffix אַיְסִירֵם (Ew§ 131 c, but error for אֲיַסְּרֵם Bö§ 437 f SS), with accusative chasten Hos 7:12.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 8 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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