Word

יָכַח

yâkach · H3198 · Hebrew · 59 occurrences

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Meanings

to settle disputes, arbiter

Action by which someone with judicial authority settles a dispute between two parties

Examples
Genesis 31:37 “Though you have searched through all my property, what have you found of all your household property? Set it here in front of my relatives and your relatives, so that they may decide between the two of us.
Job 9:33 “There is no arbitrator between us, Who can place his hand upon us both.
to reason together

Action by which someone with judicial authority settles a dispute with the accused

Examples
Isaiah 1:18 “Come now, and let us debate your case,” Says the LORD, “Though your sins are as scarlet, They shall become as white as snow; Though they are red like crimson, They shall be like wool.
to correct, to punish

Literally: to judge; hence: action by which humans or deities inflict a penalty on others as retribution for what they have done

Examples
2 Samuel 7:14 “I will be a father to him and he will be a son to Me; when he does wrong, I will discipline him with a rod of men and with strokes of sons of mankind,
2 Kings 19:4 ‘Perhaps the LORD your God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to taunt the living God, and will avenge the words which the LORD your God has heard. Therefore, offer a prayer for the remnant that is left.’”
1 Chronicles 16:21 He allowed no one to oppress them, And He rebuked kings for their sakes, saying,
to be vindicated

Literally: to be judged; hence: process by which humans are declared innocent by someone with judicial authority

Examples
Genesis 20:16 To Sarah he said, “Look, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. It is your vindication before all who are with you, and before everyone you are cleared.”
to rebuke, to refute, to argue, to warn

Action by which humans or deities express their disapproval of something with words

Examples
Genesis 21:25 But Abraham complained to Abimelech because of the well of water which the servants of Abimelech had seized.
Leviticus 19:17 ‘You shall not hate your fellow countryman in your heart; you may certainly rebuke your neighbor, but you are not to incur sin because of him.
Proverbs 9:8 Do not rebuke a scoffer, or he will hate you; Rebuke a wise person and he will love you.
to appoint

Literally: to judge; hence: action by which someone with judicial authority singles out a person

Examples
Genesis 24:14 now may it be that the young woman to whom I say, ‘Please let down your jar so that I may drink,’ and who answers, ‘Drink, and I will water your camels also’—may she be the one whom You have appointed for Your servant Isaac; and by this I will know that You have shown kindness to my master.”
Genesis 24:44 and she says to me, “You drink, and I will draw for your camels also”—let her be the woman whom the LORD has appointed for my master’s son.’

How it’s used In 9 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

51 occurrences in 14 groups

Not stated: he, she or it 19
Not stated: you (one person) 6
Not stated (infinitive) 6
Not stated (participle) 6
Not stated: I 4
Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

23 occurrences in 17 groups

נִיme 3
ךָּyou 3
Other words · 15 groups that occur once or twice (17) 17

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

31 occurrences in 32 groups

בin/on/with+ דָּבָרword, thing, matter 3
Other words · 31 groups that occur once or twice (32) 32

With adverbsAdverbs

8 occurrences in 4 groups

לֹאnot 3
אַלnot, do not 3
אֶמֶשׁlast night, yesterday 1
שָׁםthere 1

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

1 occurrences in 1 groups

חָכָםwise 1

What it doesIt is the subject

2 occurrences in 2 groups

מָצָאto find 1
עָנָהto answer 1

What is done to itIt is the object

3 occurrences in 3 groups

אָהַבto love 1
חָפֵץto like, to be pleased, to desire 1
שָׂנֵאto hate 1

What it is said to bePredicate

3 occurrences in 4 groups

חֲלִיornament 1
יֵשׁthere is, there are 1
אַיִןthere is no, not 1
נֶזֶםring 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

4 occurrences in 1 groups

לto/for 6

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 1 word

יָסַר yâçar · H3256 · to discipline, to accept discipline: Both words denote disciplinary and corrective actions with clear overlap, arguing and rebuking versus chastening and instructing, in the sense of "discipline, correct, rebuke."

In the other Testament 2 words

ἐλέγχω elénchō · G1651 · to rebuke, to reproach, rebuke: Greek ἐλέγχω focuses on exposing error through confrontation and refutation (confute, admonish), rendering the argumentative and corrective senses of Hebrew יָכַח (argue, convince, correct, rebuke, reprove) but not its broader juridical-administrative range (appoint, judge, maintain).
ἔλεγχος élenchos · G1650 · proof, verification, evidence for: Greek ἔλεγχος denotes the result or evidence of the reproof/correction action expressed by Hebrew יָכַח—the proof or conviction that demonstrates error, rather than the verbal act of rebuking itself.

Semantic domains 6 entries

Judge002004002006: יָכַח can mean to adjudicate or decide a dispute, part of its broad forensic range covering formal judgment between parties.
Chastise002003002005: יָכַח can mean to chasten or discipline, correcting wrongdoing through rebuke or punishment.
Innocent002003003015: יָכַח covers vindication or being cleared of wrongdoing, as Abraham gave Sarah silver as her 'vindication' before all who were with her (Genesis 20:16).
Rebuke002004001009011: יָכַח frequently means to rebuke or reprove, as Abraham 'reproved' Abimelech over the seized well of water (Genesis 21:25).
Reconcile002003002020: יָכַח can carry a reconciling sense, of parties reasoning together toward a resolved understanding.
Role002002002008: יָכַח includes the sense of appointing or designating someone for a role or task, as the servant prayed that God would 'appoint' the right woman for Isaac (Genesis 24:14).

Word family 2 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

יָכַחyâkach · H3198תּוֹכֵחָה tôwkêchâh · H8433 · arguments, reproof, punishment · 28×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3198. yakach [יָכַח] verb Hiph`il decide, adjudge, prove, (Late Hebrew Pi`el וִכַּח…

H3198. yakach
[יָכַח] verb Hiph`il decide, adjudge, prove, (Late Hebrew Pi`el וִכַּח argue with (עם), compare Hithpa`el, Hiph`il prove, correct; Aramaic Pa וַכַּח Aph`el אוֺכַח, id.) —
Hiph`il Perfect הוֺכִיחַ Isa 2:4-5t.; הֹכִיחַ Gen 24:44; הוֺכִחַ Gen 21:25; Gen 21:2masculine singular חֹכַחְתָּ Gen 24:14; Gen 24:1singular suffix הוֺכַחְתִּיו 2Sa 7:14; Imperfect יוֺכִיחַ Isa 11:3 Isa 11:5t.; יוֺכַח Hos 4:4 Hos 4:4t.; יוֺכָ֑ח 1Ch 12:17; suffix יוֺכִיחֵנִי Psa 141:5 12t. Imperfect; Imperative הוֺכַח Pro 9:8; Infinitive absolute הוֺכֵחַ Lev 19:17 Lev 19:5t.; construct הוֺכִיחַ Hab 1:12; הַלְהוֺכַח Job 6:26; Participle מוֺכִיחַ Eze 3:26 Eze 3:8t.; plural מוֺכִיחִים Pro 24:25; —
1 decide, judge, absolute Gen 31:42 (E), 1Ch 12:17; Isa 11:3; Psa 94:10; with לְ decide for Isa 2:4 = Mic 4:3; Isa 11:4; with בּין, Gen 31:37 (E), Job 9:33; אֱלוֺהַּ עִם לְגֶבֶר Job 16:21.
2 adjudge, appoint, with לְ, Gen 24:14, Gen 24:44 (J).
3 shew to be right, prove, with accusative of thing and על person against Job 19:5; with אל person unto Job 13:15; so argue before Job 13:3, and (absolute) Job 15:3.
4 convince, convict, with accusative of person Psa 50:21 בּ person Pro 30:6; with לְ person Job 32:12.
5 reprove, chide:
a. of God, with accusative of person Job 22:4; Psa 50:8; Psa 105:14 = 1Ch 16:21; with בּ object 2Ki 19:4 = Isa 37:4.
b. of man, absolute Hos 4:4; Eze 3:26; Job 6:25 (twice in verse); Pro 24:25; Pro 25:12; בַּשַּׁעַר מוֺכִיחַ Amo 5:10; Isa 29:21; with accusative of person Gen 21:25 (E), Lev 19:17 (twice in verse) (H), Pro 9:8; Pro 28:23; Jer 2:19; אֱלוהַּ מוֺכִיחַ Job 40:2; accusative of thing Job 6:26; with לְ, Pro 9:7-8, Pro 15:12; Pro 19:25.
6 correct, rebuke, of God, absolute Hab 1:12; with accusative of person Psa 141:5; Job 13:10 (twice in verse); בְּשֵׁבֶט 2Sa 7:14; happy the man whom God corrects Job 5:17; for God loves him Pro 3:12; God is entreated not to correct in anger Psa 6:2; Psa 38:2.
Hoph`al Perfect בְּמַכְאוֺב וְהוּכַח he is chastened also with pain Job 33:19.
Niph`al Imperfect וְנִוָָּֽכְחָה לְכוּנָֿא Isa 1:18 come now and let us reason together; Participle עִמּוֺ נוֺכָח יָשָׁר שָׁם Job 23:7 there an upright man might reason with him; feminine (passive) וְנֹכָ֑חַת Gen 20:16 (E), but Di SS read וְנֹכַחַתְּ2feminine singular Perfect and thou art set right, righted, justified.
Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְוַכָּח עִםוִֿשְׂרָאֵל Mic 6:2 with Israel he will argue (|| לי ׳רִיב עִם).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 6 entries

Role2 occurrences Chastise22 occurrences Reconcile1 occurrence Innocent2 occurrences Rebuke22 occurrences Judge9 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0