טֻמְאָה
ṭumʼâh · H2932 · Hebrew · 36 occurrences
Meanings
-
uncleanness
Something that causes humans, animals or objects to be legally regarded as contaminated, so that they cannot join social and religious activities until prescribed rituals reverse the state
ExamplesLeviticus 5:3 ‘Or if he touches human uncleanness, of whatever sort his uncleanness may be with which he becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, and then he comes to know it, he will be guilty.
Leviticus 7:20 ‘But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings which belong to the LORD, when he is unclean, that person shall be cut off from his people.
Leviticus 7:21 ‘When anyone touches anything unclean, whether human uncleanness, or an unclean animal, or any unclean detestable thing, and eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings which belong to the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.’”
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
31 occurrences in 9 groups
- הוּhis 8
- הּher 6
- הֶםtheir 5
- ךְyour 3
- Other words · 5 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- טָמֵאto become unclean 1
- מָצָאto find 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָתַךְto pour 1
What is done to itIt is the object
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 2
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- יָצָאto go out 1
- תָּמַםto be finished, to come to an end, to perish 1
What it is said to bePredicate
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- וֹhim 3
- שׁוּלskirts 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 1
- זִמָּהlewdness, wickedness 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
19 occurrences in 4 groups
- מִןfrom 16
- בin/on/with 8
- כlike/as 5
- לto/for 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- זוֹבdischarge (from genitals) 2
- נִדָּהimpurity 1
- רוּחַspirit, wind 1
- תָּוֶךְmiddle 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- נִדָּה niddâh · H5079 · impurity, pollution
- Both words denote ritual or cultic uncleanness, and their senses overlap substantially (filthiness, unclean[ness]); the additional senses of נִדָּה (niddâh, H5079) (menstruous woman, separation) are specialized applications of the same core idea of uncleanness.
Contrasting words 1 word
- טָהֵר ṭâhêr · H2891 · to become clean, to purify, to cleanse
- The direct lexical opposite of טֻמְאָה, denoting ritual cleanness or purity as opposed to defilement.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἀκαθαρσία akatharsía · G167 · impurity, immorality, filthiness
- Greek ἀκαθαρσία (akatharsía, G167) translates Hebrew טֻמְאָה (ṭumʼâh, H2932) as the standard LXX rendering for ritual and moral uncleanness, preserving the semantic range from physical impurity to cultic defilement across both Testaments.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Unclean002001001066
- טֻמְאָה names ritual or moral uncleanness itself, the abstract state or condition of defilement.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2932. tum 'ah טֻמְאָה noun feminine uncleanness; — absolute ׳ט Num 5:19 Num 5:4t.;…
'ah טֻמְאָה noun feminine uncleanness; — absolute ׳ט Num 5:19 Num 5:4t.; construct טֻמְאַת Lev 5:3-4t.; suffix טֻמְאָתֵךְ Eze 22:15 Eze 22:2t. etc., 18 t. suffixes; plural טֻמְאֹת Lev 16:16, Lev 16:19; suffix טֻמְאוֺתֵיכֶם Eze 36:25, Eze 36:29; טֻמְאֹתָם Lev 16:16; —
1 sexual Num 5:19 (P), Lam 1:9.
2 of a foul or filthy mass Eze 24:11 (in a caldron), 2Ch 29:16 (in the temple).
3 ethical and religious Lev 16:16 (P); Eze 22:15; Eze 24:13; Eze 39:24; מט הקדשׁ על ׳כפר Lev 16:16 (P); מט ׳קדּשׁ Lev 16:19 (P); מט ׳טהר Eze 24:13; Eze 36:25; ט מכל ׳הושׁיע Eze 36:29; הט ׳רוּחַ unclean spirit, which inspired the prophets to lie Zec 13:2.
4 ritual, of men Lev 5:3 (twice in verse); Lev 7:20-21, Lev 14:19; Lev 15:3 (twice in verse); Lev 15:31 (twice in verse); Num 19:13 (all P), Lev 22:3, Lev 22:5 (H); women 2Sa 11:4; מִטֻמְאָתָהּ מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת וְהִיא עִמָּהּ וַיִּשְׁכַּב see Dr; a time favourable to conception RSK 276; Lev 15:25-26, Lev 15:30 (P), Lev 18:19 (H), Eze 36:17; of meats Jdg 13:7, Jdg 13:14.
5 local, of the nations Ezr 6:21; Ezr 9:11.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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