חָרָה
chârâh · H2734 · Hebrew · 94 occurrences
Meanings
-
to dwindle
Process by which humans gradually disappear from the face of the earth as if burnt away by fire
ExamplesIsaiah 24:6 Therefore, a curse devours the earth, and those who live on it suffer for their guilt. Therefore, the inhabitants of the earth decrease in number, and few people are left.
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to be kindled
Process by which the anger of humans and deities is aroused like a fire that is kindled
ExamplesGenesis 30:2 Then Jacob’s anger burned against Rachel, and he said, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?”
Genesis 39:19 Now when his master heard the words of his wife which she spoke to him, saying, “This is what your slave did to me,” his anger burned.
Genesis 44:18 Then Judah approached him and said, “Oh my lord, may your servant please speak a word in my lord’s ears, and do not be angry with your servant; for you are equal to Pharaoh.
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to become angry
Process by which humans or deities experience extreme displeasure, described as an internal fire
ExamplesGenesis 4:5 but for Cain and his offering He had no regard. So Cain became very angry and his face was gloomy.
Genesis 4:6 Then the LORD said to Cain, “Why are you angry? And why is your face gloomy?
Genesis 18:30 Then he said, “Oh may the Lord not be angry, and I shall speak; suppose thirty are found there?” And He said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.”
-
to act with zeal, to compete
Process by which humans perform an act with much enthusiasm and zeal and try to perform better than their peers
ExamplesNehemiah 3:20 After him Baruch the son of Zabbai zealously repaired another section, from the Angle to the doorway of the house of Eliashib the high priest.
Jeremiah 12:5 “If you have run with infantrymen and they have tired you out, How can you compete with horses? If you fall down in a land of peace, How will you do in the thicket by the Jordan?
Jeremiah 22:15 “Do you become a king because you are competing in cedar? Did your father not eat and drink And do justice and righteousness? Then it was well for him.
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
93 occurrences in 9 groups
- אַףanger, nose 53
- Not stated: he, she or it 28
- Not stated: you (one person) 5
- Other words · 6 groups that occur once or twice (7) 7
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַףanger, nose 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
76 occurrences in 50 groups
- בin/on/with+ יִשְׂרָאֵלIsrael 8
- לto/for+ וֹhim 6
- בin/on/with+ עַםpeople 4
- לto/for+ ךָּyou 4
- בin/on/with+ כֶםyou 3
- בin/on/with+ הֶםthem 3
- Other words · 44 groups that occur once or twice (58) 58
With adverbsAdverbs
23 occurrences in 2 groups
- מְאֹדvery 12
- אַלnot, do not 11
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- כָּלַםto be ashamed 1
- בּוּשׁto be ashamed, to be put to shame 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- בin/on/with 1
- לto/for 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ὀργίζω orgízō · G3710 · to be full of anger, to be furious, to be angry
- Greek ὀργίζω rendering Hebrew חָרָה in LXX alignment contexts where anger/wrath is the semantic focus; both denote the emotional state of anger or becoming angry, with חָרָה's broader idiomatic range ('burn,' 'be hot,' 'kindle') frequently rendered by ὀργίζω's narrower anger-specific sense in Greek translation.
- θυμόω thymóō · G2373 · to be extremely angry
- חָרָה (chârâh, H2734) denotes the kindling or burning of anger as an internal emotional state, often expressed idiomatically with 'nose' (anger 'burns in one's nostrils'), while θυμόω (thymóō, G2373) focuses on the resultant state of being enraged or put into a passion, representing the Greek rendering of this Hebrew anger terminology in LXX contexts.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- Non-Exist002002002006
- This entry carries no independent "Non-Exist" sense of its own; every genuine tagged occurrence of חָרָה describes anger or being kindled with wrath (Genesis 4:5-6, 18:30, 18:32, 30:2), not ceasing to exist. The domain is bundle-shared with a related sense.
- Happen002002003003
- The word denotes anger being kindled or coming upon someone, an emotional state that arises and takes hold, as in Genesis 4:5's account of Cain's anger burning.
- Angry002001002002
- The word denotes becoming angry or burning with displeasure, as in Genesis 4:5's and 4:6's account of Cain's anger and Genesis 18:30/18:32's plea that the LORD not be angry.
- Diligent002001002006
- This entry carries no independent "Diligent" sense of its own; every genuine tagged occurrence describes anger, burning, or being incensed, not diligence. The domain is bundle-shared with the unrelated lexeme חֲרוּץ (chărûwts, H2742) (חָרוּץ, which does carry a genuine "diligent" sense). See חֲרוּץ (chărûwts, H2742).
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2734. charah חָרָה verb burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa`el cause, fire to…
חָרָה verb burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa`el cause, fire to burn (rare); Zinjirli חרא anger, NöZMG 1893, 98. 103; Arabic burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain) —
Qal Perfect ׳ח Gen 4:6 Gen 4:20t.; Imperfect יֶחֱרֶה Exo 32:11 Exo 32:2t.; יִ֫חַר Gen 18:30 Gen 18:7t.; וַיִּ֫חַר Gen 4:5 46t.; Infinitive absolute חָרֹה 1Sa 20:7; construct חֲרוֺת 2Sa 24:1; Psa 124:3; —
1 of man:
a. אף חרה (one's) anger was kindled, burned Gen 39:19; Num 22:27 (J), Exo 32:19, Exo 32:22 (JE), Jdg 9:30; Jdg 14:19; 1Sa 11:6; Job 32:2, Job 32:5; with בְּ against Gen 30:2 (E), Gen 44:18 (J), 1Sa 17:28; 1Sa 20:30; 2Sa 12:5; 2Ch 25:10; Psa 124:3; Job 32:2-3, with אֶל Num 24:10 (E).
b. impersonal, אף omitted; לְ חרה it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gen 31:36 (E), Gen 4:5-6, Gen 34:7; Num 16:15 (J), 1Sa 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), 1Sa 18:8; 1Sa 20:7 (twice in verse); 2Sa 3:8; 2Sa 6:8 = 1Ch 13:11; 2Sa 13:21; 2Sa 19:43; Nehemiah 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 5:6; Jon 4:1, Jon 4:4, Jon 4:9 (twice in verse); insert לדוד ויחר 2Sa 11:22 ᵐ5 We Dr; ׳ח בְּעֵינֵי Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5 (E).
2 of God:
a. ׳ח אף Exo 22:23; Num 22:22 (E), Num 11:1, Num 11:10; Num 32:10 (J); with בְּ Exo 4:14; Exo 32:10; Num 12:9; Deu 31:17 (J), Deu 6:15; Deu 7:4; Deu 11:17; Deu 29:26; Jos 23:16 (D), Jdg 6:39; 2Sa 6:7 = 1Ch 13:10; Hos 8:5; 2Ki 23:26; 2Ch 25:15; Job 42:7; בְּעַם Exo 32:11; Num 11:33 (J), Isa 5:25; Psa 106:40; בישׂראל Num 25:3; Num 32:13 (JE); Jdg 2:14, Jdg 2:20; Jdg 3:8; Jdg 10:7; 2Sa 24:1; 2Ki 13:3; ישׂראל בבני Jos 7:1 (R); אף בנהרים, omitted, Hab 3:8; with עַל Zec 10:3.
b. לְ חרה Gen 18:30, Gen 18:32 (J) 2Sa 22:8 = Psa 18:8. —
Note: חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa2, Proverbs or poetry of Job.
Niph`al Perfect נִחֲרוּֿ followed by בְּ Son 1:6 (according to Böii. 379 De Kö1. 551) be angry with; Participle בְּ הַנֶּחֱרִים ׳כֹּל all that are incensed against (thee) Isa 41:11, so Isa 45:24.
Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱזִיק הֶחֱרָה Neh 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but ᵐ5 omit החרה; probably dittograph; Imperfect אַמּוֺ עָלַי וַיַּחַר Job 19:11 and kindled his anger against me.
Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְחַר אַל Psa 37:1; Psa 37:7; Psa 37:8; Pro 24:19 heat oneself in vexation. — The following forms are somewhat dubious: Imperfect2masculine singular אֶתהַֿסּוּסִים תְּתַחֲרֶה אֵיךְ Jer 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses ? Participle בָאָ֑רֶז מְתַחֲרֶה אַתָּה כִּי Jer 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; explained as Tiph`el by Thes Ges§ 55, 5 Ew§ 122 a Ol§ 255 a Sta§ 159 b Köi. p. 557 and others, and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiph`el see BaNB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20; Ba regards the form as denominative (from a noun formed by ת preform., compare Aramaic contention); SS would point as Hithpa`el [compare Syriac contend with, contention], although meaning of Hithpa`el is different, see above
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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