אוֹר
ʼôwr · H215 · Hebrew · 44 occurrences
Meanings
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to be light, to become light, to shine
Process by which something reflects light; associated with well-being
ExamplesGenesis 44:3 As soon as it was light, the men were sent away, they with their donkeys.
Genesis 1:15 and they shall serve as lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so.
1 Samuel 14:27 However, Jonathan had not heard it when his father put the people under oath; so he put out the end of the staff that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth, and his eyes brightened.
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Literally: to make (someone else's) eyes shine; hence: action by which humans or institutions bring joy to (other) humans which is visible in their eyes (to light up (someone's) eyes, to make (someone's) face shine)
ExamplesEzra 9:8 “But now for a brief moment grace has been shown from the LORD our God, to leave us an escaped remnant and to give us a peg in His holy place, so that our God may enlighten our eyes and grant us a little reviving in our bondage.
Psalm 13:3 Consider and answer me, O LORD my God; Enlighten my eyes, or I will sleep the sleep of death,
Psalm 19:8 The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; The commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes.
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Literally: to make (one's) face shine; hence: state in which a condition causes humans to be favorably disposed to other humans, which is visible in their facial expression (to make (one's) face shine, to bring a smile)
ExamplesEcclesiastes 8:1 Who is like the wise person and who knows the meaning of a matter? A person’s wisdom illuminates his face and makes his stern face brighten up.
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Literally: to make (one's) face shine (on someone else); hence: state in which deities are favorably disposed to (other) humans which is visible in their facial expression and shown by their actions (to make (one's) face shine (on someone), to smile (at someone), to show favor (to someone))
ExamplesNumbers 6:25 The LORD cause His face to shine on you, And be gracious to you;
Psalm 31:16 Make Your face shine upon Your servant; Save me in Your faithfulness.
Psalm 67:1 God be gracious to us and bless us, And cause His face to shine upon us— Selah
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to put fire on, to burn
Literally: to cause (something) to shine; hence: causative action by which humans set an object on fire
ExamplesIsaiah 27:11 When its limbs are dry, they are broken off; Women come and make a fire with them, For they are not a people of discernment, Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them. And their Creator will not be gracious to them.
Malachi 1:10 “If only there were one among you who would shut the gates, so that you would not kindle fire on My altar for nothing! I am not pleased with you,” says the LORD of armies, “nor will I accept an offering from your hand.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
42 occurrences in 17 groups
- Not stated: you (one person) 8
- Not stated: he, she or it 7
- Not stated (infinitive) 7
- Not stated (participle) 3
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (17) 17
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
22 occurrences in 10 groups
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 9
- עַיִןeye, sight 4
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
21 occurrences in 20 groups
- לto/for+ הֶםthem 4
- Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (20) 20
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 3
- חִנָּםwithout cause, for nothing 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נֹגַהּbrightness 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 2 groups
- הָלַךְto go, to walk 1
- אוֹרto be light 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רָאָהto see 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אֹרַחpath, way 1
- אַתָּהyou 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- לto/for 3
- כlike/as 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- יָפַע yâphaʻ · H3313 · to shine, to shine forth, to make shine
- Both are Hebrew verbs of light, meaning "to shine" or "to give light," and both describe the emission of light.
- לָהַט lâhaṭ · H3857 · to burn, to flame, to kindle
- אוֹר (ʼôwr, H215) is primarily a verb of giving light, with burning as a secondary extension, whereas לָהַט (lâhaṭ, H3857) is primarily a verb of burning and flaming; they overlap in the sense of burning and kindling.
- נָגַהּ nâgahh · H5050 · to shine, to cause to shine
- Both are verbs of light or shining, overlapping in their causative and intransitive senses of giving light, shining, or enlightening.
In the other Testament 1 word
- φωτίζω phōtízō · G5461 · to illuminate, to shine upon, to make known
- Greek φωτίζω (phōtízō, G5461) specifically denotes the causative act of illumination or shedding light, functioning as the Greek rendering of Hebrew אוֹר (ʼôwr, H215) when the latter conveys the transitive sense of giving/causing light rather than the intransitive state of being luminous.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Shine002001001053
- אוֹר as a verb describes giving off or catching light, as the lights God set in the heavens to give light on the earth.
- Burn002001001009
- The same verb is used of kindling or setting something on fire, an action closely tied to the light it produces.
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H215. or [אוֺר]43 verb be or become light (compare Arabic enkindle, Aramaic (Nasar.)…
[אוֺר]43 verb be or become light (compare Arabic enkindle, Aramaic (Nasar.) Aph`el illumine, & derivatives in Assyrian) —
Qal Perfect אוֺר Gen 44:3 + אֹ֫רוּ 1Sa 14:29; Imperfect3feminine plural וַתָּאֹרְנָה 1Sa 14:27 Qr; Participle אוֺר Pro 4:18 (Ges§ 72 R. 1) Imperative feminine singular א֫וֺרִי Isa 60:1; Pro 4:18; — become light, shine of sun (especially in early morning) Gen 44:3 (J) 1Sa 29:10; Pro 4:18; Isa 60:1; of eyes (owing to refreshment) 1Sa 14:27 (Qr) 29.
Niph`al Imperfect וַיֵּאֹר 2Sa 2:32; Infinitive לֵאוֺר Job 33:30; Participle נָאוֺר Psa 76:5 — become lighted up of day-break 2Sa 2:32; by light of life, revival Job 33:30; by light of glory, enveloped in light Psa 76:5.
Hiph`il Perfect וְהֵאִיר Exo 25:37, etc.; Imperfect יָאִיר Job 41:24 +; יָאֵר Num 6:25 +; וַיָּ֫אֶר Psa 118:27 +, etc.; Imperative הָאֵר Psalm 80:20 +, הָאִ֫ירָהPsa 31:17 +; Infinitive הָאִיר Gen 1:15 +; Participle מֵאִיר Pro 29:13; מְאִירַתPsa 19:9; מְאִירוֺת Isa 27:11 —
1 give light, of sun, moon & stars Gen 1:15, Gen 1:17 (P), of moon Isa 60:19; of pillar of fire (followed by ל) Exo 13:21; Exo 14:20 (both J E) Psa 105:39; Neh 9:12, Neh 9:19; of scared lamp Exo 25:37; Num 8:2 (both P); figurative of the words of God Psa 119:130.
2 light up, cause to shine, shine, followed by accusative תֵּבֵל בְרָקִים הֵאִירוּ lightnings lighted up the world Psa 77:19; Psa 97:4; absolute מִכְּבֹדוֺ הֵאִירָה הָֹאָרֶץ Eze 43:2; the earth shined with his glory (of theophany); of leviathan, which makes path shine behind him Job 42:24; יָאִיר כַּיּוֺם לַיְלָה night shineth as day Psa 139:12.
3 light a lamp Psa 18:29; wood Isa 27:11; alter (-fire) Mal 1:10.
4 lighten, of the eyes, עֵינַיִם הָאִיר, subject ׳י, his law, etc. Pro 29:13; Psa 13:4; Psa 19:9; Ezr 9:8.
5 make shine, of face of God י ׳יָאֵר אֵלֶיךָ מָּנָיו Yahweh make his face shine upon thee Num 6:25 (priest's blessing), reappearing Psa 31:17 (followed by עַלֿ), Psa 67:2 (followed by אֶתֿ), Psa 80:4; Psa 80:8; Psalm 80:20; Psa 119:135 (followed by ב), Dan 9:17 compare Psa 4:7; without מָּנִים (followed by ל) Psa 118:27; once, of face of man, Ecc 8:1 תָּאִיר אָדָם חָכְמַת מָּנָיו the wisdom of a man lighteth up his face.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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