זָהַר
zâhar · H2094 · Hebrew · 22 occurrences
Meanings
-
to shine, to be bright, to be brilliant
Process by which an object emits or reflects intense light; regarded as awesome
ExamplesDaniel 12:3 “And those who have insight will shine like the glow of the expanse of heaven, and those who lead the many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever.
-
to be warned, to take heed
Process by which someone becomes aware of something (usually bad) that is going to happen, or something one should do to prevent something (usually bad) from happening; usually refers to a mediator making known what God has said or implied; wise people take these things seriously whereas foolish people ignore them
ExamplesPsalm 19:11 Moreover, Your servant is warned by them; In keeping them there is great reward.
Ecclesiastes 4:13 A poor yet wise youth is better than an old and foolish king who no longer knows how to receive instruction—
Ecclesiastes 12:12 But beyond this, my son, be warned: the writing of many books is endless, and excessive study is wearying to the body.
-
to warn, to teach, to instruct, to advise, to alert, to dissuade
Action or process by which someone makes someone else aware of something bad that is going to happen, or something they should do to prevent something bad from happening; usually refers to a mediator making known what God has said or implied
ExamplesExodus 18:20 then admonish them about the statutes and the laws, and make known to them the way in which they are to walk and the work they are to do.
2 Kings 6:10 And the king of Israel sent scouts to the place about which the man of God had told him; so he warned him, so that he was on his guard there, more than once or twice.
2 Chronicles 19:10 “Whenever any dispute comes to you from your countrymen who live in their cities, between blood and blood, between law and commandment, statutes and ordinances, you shall warn them so that they will not be guilty before the LORD, and wrath will not come on you and your countrymen. This you shall do and you will not be guilty.
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
22 occurrences in 9 groups
- Not stated: you (one person) 9
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- Not stated (infinitive) 3
- Other words · 6 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
13 occurrences in 4 groups
- רָשָׁעwicked 4
- וֹhim 4
- הֶםthem 4
- עַםpeople 1
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
1 occurrences in 2 groups
- חֹקstatute, decree, portion 1
- תּוֹרָהlaw, instruction 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
8 occurrences in 7 groups
- מִןfrom+ דֶּרֶךְway, road 3
- מִןfrom+ נִיme 2
- בin/on/with+ הֶםthem 1
- כlike/as+ זֹהַרbrightness 1
- לto/for+ חָטָאto sin 1
- לto/for+ חָיָהto be alive, to become alive, to live 1
With adverbsAdverbs
6 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 5
- עוֹדstill, again, yet 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 3
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- נָגַהּ nâgahh · H5050 · to shine, to cause to shine
- Both share the sense of shining or giving light—זָהַר (zâhar, H2094) "to shine," נָגַהּ (nâgahh, H5050) "to (en)lighten, to (cause to) shine"—overlapping directly in this sense.
- יָפַע yâphaʻ · H3313 · to shine, to shine forth, to make shine
- זָהַר (zâhar, H2094) has a dual profile (“to admonish, to warn” and “to shine”), while יָפַע (yâphaʻ, H3313) means purely to shine forth or to be light; where their meanings overlap, in the sense of shining, they are close in sense.
In the other Testament 2 words
- διαμαρτύρομαι diamartýromai · G1263 · to declare, to assert, to testify
- Greek διαμαρτύρομαι emphasizes the earnest, solemn act of attesting or warning, corresponding to the admonishing sense of Hebrew זָהַר (which itself spans both "to shine" and "to warn"); the two converge specifically on the act of giving earnest forewarning.
- διαστέλλομαι diastéllomai · G1291 · to order, to command
- διαστέλλομαι (diastéllomai, G1291) διαστέλλομαι captures the authoritative instruction/warning sense of זָהַר (zâhar, H2094) זָהַר in contexts where the warning carries the force of a command or charge to be distinguished/set apart in behavior, but does not cover זָהַר (zâhar, H2094)'s broader semantic range including physical shining/illumination or general teaching without imperatival force.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Shine002001001053
- זָהַר carries a sense related to giving light or clarity, underlying its extension to instruction that makes things clear.
- Know002004002007
- The verb's dominant use is to admonish or warn, imparting knowledge that guards against danger, as Moses is told to make the statutes known and Israel's watchmen are commanded to warn the people.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2094. zahar I. [זָהַר] verb be light, shining (Arabic shine, adjective bright (compare…
I. [זָהַר] verb be light, shining (Arabic shine, adjective bright (compare LagBN 120); Aramaic זְהַר, ; Late Hebrew in derivatives; see also below II. זהר) —
Hiph`il intrans. (late) send out light, shine, figurative of everlasting glory of teachers of righteousness: הָרָקִיעַ כְּזֹהַר יַוְהִרוּ וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים Dan 12:3 and they that make wise shall shine like the shining of the firmament (|| וָעֶד לְעוֺלָם כַּכּוֺכָבִים הָרַבִּים וּמַצְדִּיקֵי).
II. [זָהַר] verb only
Hiph`il, Niph`al (Late Hebrew Hiph`il, admonish, compare Aramaic זְהַר (Aph`el, Pa`el etc.), (Arabic VIII. take care of, be mindful of is perhaps Aramaic loan-word, so Tel Amarna compare Lane). — Most identify with I. זהר = give light, enlighten, instruct, admonish; this possible, but not certain, meaning shine is late in Hebrew; usual sense as given below is not enlighten, illumine mentally, but warn; see also construction with two accusatives Exo 18:20); —
Hiph`il Perfect וְהִזְהִיר consecutive Eze 33:3; suffix וְהִזְהִירהֹ 2Ki 6:10; 2Ki 6:2masculine singular הִזְהַרְתָּ Eze 3:19; Eze 33:9, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ Eze 3:17; Eze 33:7, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ה Exo 18:20, suffix הִזְהַרְתּוֺ Eze 3:18, Eze 3:20, Eze 3:21, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ consecutive Eze 3:17; Eze 33:7; וְהִזְהַרְתֶּם consecutive 2Ch 19:10; Infinitive construct לְהַזְהִיר Eze 3:18; Eze 33:8; — instruct, teach, warn: Exo 18:20 (E) teach them ordinances (2 accusative); 2Ki 6:10 the place which (אֲשֶׁר) the man of God told him of (אָמַרלֿוֺ) and warned him (suffix) of; elsewhere only Ezra, Chronicles; warn, give a warning to, always followed by accusative of person only: Eze 3:18-19, Eze 3:20; Eze 33:3; give them (accusative) a warning from me (׳י מִמֶּנִּי, speaks) Eze 3:17; Eze 33:7; warn the wicked (רָשָׁע) from (away from, מִן) his way Eze 3:18; Eze 33:8-9, warn the righteous (צַדִּיק) Eze 3:21 followed by Infinitive in order that the righteous sin not, compare 2Ch 19:10 followed by accusative of person + final clause with וְ.
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִזְהָ֔ר Eze 3:21; Eze 33:4-5, Eze 33:6; also נִזְהָ֖ר Eze 33:5 (read perhaps הִזְהִיר, so We Sm Co); Imperative הִזָּהֵר Ecc 12:12; Infinitive construct לְהִזָּהֵר Ecc 4:13; Participle נִזְהָר Psa 19:12; — be instructed, admonished, warned (passive of Hiph`il): — בָּהֶם נִזְהָ֣ר גַּםעַֿבְדְּךָ Psa 19:12 yea thy servant, he is instructed (or warned) by them (i.e. lets himself be instructed or warned by the י ׳מִשְׁמְּטֵי Psa 19:10); in Ezekiel distinctly take warning, absolute Eze 3:21 (compare
Hiph`il) Eze 33:4-5,a; so Ecc 12:2 and, more Generally, לְהִזָּהֵר יָדַע לֹא אֲשֶׁר Ecc 4:13 who knoweth not how to take admonition; be warned, receive warning Eze 33:6 (of people, with לֹא, i.e. if no warning be given them), also ᵑ0 Eze 33:5b, but read perhaps Hiph`il (see above) but he (i.e. the watchman) gave warning, he hath delivered his (own) soul.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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