גָּדַד
gâdad · H1413 · Hebrew · 8 occurrences
Meanings
-
to cut oneself, to gash oneself, to lacerate oneself
A causative action by which humans wound their body with a knife as a sign of mourning or to reinforce one's prayer
ExamplesDeuteronomy 14:1 “You are sons of the LORD your God; you shall not cut yourselves nor shave a bald spot above your forehead for the dead.
1 Kings 18:28 So they cried out with a loud voice, and cut themselves according to their custom with swords and lances until blood gushed out on them.
Jeremiah 16:6 “Both great people and small will die in this land; they will not be buried, people will not mourn for them, nor will anyone make cuts on himself or have his head shaved for them.
-
to band together, to troop together
Action by which several people form a group in order to pursue a common goal together
ExamplesPsalm 94:21 They band themselves together against the life of the righteous And condemn the innocent to death.
Jeremiah 5:7 “Why should I forgive you? Your sons have forsaken Me And sworn by those who are not gods. When I had fed them to the full, They committed adultery And stayed at the prostitute’s house.
Micah 5:1 “Now muster yourselves in troops, daughter of troops; They have laid siege against us; With a rod they will strike the judge of Israel on the cheek.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
7 occurrences in 4 groups
- Not stated: they 3
- Not stated: you (one person) 2
- Not stated: you (more than one) 1
- Not stated: he, she or it 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 4 groups
- עַדto, as far as, until+ מָתַיwhen? 1
- עַדto, as far as, until+ שָׁפַךְto pour out, to shed 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 1
- כlike/as+ מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 1
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 2
- עַתָּהnow 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- קָבַץ qâbats · H6908 · to come together, to gather, to assemble
- Hebrew verb for gathering or assembling people or things; shares the core sense of collective assembly with גָּדַד but is more general and lacks the specific 'by troops' military nuance
- אָסַף ʼâçaph · H622 · to gather, to be assembled, to assemble
- Hebrew verb meaning to gather or assemble; overlaps with גָּדַד in the sense of collective gathering but is broader and more common, lacking the military band connotation
Contrasting words 1 word
- פּוּץ pûwts · H6327 · to be scattered, to be dispersed, to spread
- Hebrew verb meaning to scatter or be dispersed; antonym to the gathering/assembling sense of גָּדַד
In the other Testament 2 words
- συστρέφω systréphō · G4962 · to gather together, to call together, to come together
- Greek verb denoting assembling or gathering together, particularly in troops or bands; corresponds to the primary sense of גָּדַד as 'assemble (selves by troops), gather (selves together)'
- ἐπισυνάγω episynágō · G1996 · to cause to come together, to gather together, to gather (at)
- Greek verb for gathering or assembling together; matches the collective assembly sense of גָּדַד
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Impact002001001024
- גָּדַד denotes cutting or gashing oneself, a physical striking action, as in the mourning rite forbidden in Deuteronomy 14:1 and the prophets of Baal cutting themselves in 1 Kings 18:28.
- Associate002003002002
- The word can also denote banding or gathering together in troops, as in Psalm 94:21's image of the wicked banding together against the righteous.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1413. gadad [גָּדַד] verb penetrate, cut (Late Hebrew id., cut, cut out, Aramaic גְּדַד,…
[גָּדַד] verb penetrate, cut (Late Hebrew id., cut, cut out, Aramaic גְּדַד, , Arabic cut, cut off; Ethiopic in derivatives) —
Qal Imperfect Psa 94:21 צַדִּיִק עַלנֶֿפֶשׁ יָג֯וֺדּוּ they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man (Ol proposes יָגוּרוּ compare Psa 56:7; Psa 59:4 where, however, Che יגודו; si vera lectio, perhaps denominative from גְּדוּד compare Hos 6:9 & below; compare also גוד & Köi. 356).
Hithpo`el Imperfect יִתְגֹּדַד Jer 16:6; Jer 16:2feminine singular תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי Micah 4:14, תִּתְגּוֺדָ֑דִי Jer 47:5; plural וַיִּתְגֹּדְדוּ 1Ki 18:28, יִתְגּוֺדָ֑דוּ Jer 5:7 + Hos 7:11 see below, תִּתְגֹּדְדוּ Deu 14:1; Participle plural מִתְגֹּדְדִים Jer 41:5; —
1 cut oneself, as religious (heathen) practice 1Ki 18:28; practised also by men of Schechem, etc. in worship of ׳י (late) Jer 41:5; for the dead, forbidden Deu 14:1 לָמֵת עֵינֵיכֶם בֵּין קָרְחָה תָשִׂימוּ וְלאֹ תִתְגֹּדְדוּ לֹא, Jer 16:6; compare Jer 47:5 (subject Philistia personified); also for יִתְגּוֺרָ֖רוּ ᵑ0 Hos 7:14 Codd, they cut themselves, ᵐ5 Gr Che RVm, We Now Marti Harper (compare I, II. גּוּר).
2 gather in troops, or bands; go in troops or throngs, throng; (denominative from גְּדוּד q. v.) compare בַתגְּֿדוּד תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי Micah 4:14 (addressed to Jerusalem); Jer 5:7 יִתְגּ זוֺנָה ׳וּבֵית and to a harlot's house they throng. **read probably ᵐ5 יִתְגֹּרָ֑רוּ Gie Du and others.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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