Word

σκληρύνω

sklērýnō · G4645 · Greek · 6 occurrences

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Meanings

to make stubborn, to make obstinate

To cause to be stubborn and obstinate, especially with regard to the truth

Examples
Romans 9:18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires.
Hebrews 3:8 DO NOT HARDEN YOUR HEARTS AS WHEN THEY PROVOKED ME, AS ON THE DAY OF TRIAL IN THE WILDERNESS,
Hebrews 3:15 while it is said, “TODAY IF YOU HEAR HIS VOICE, DO NOT HARDEN YOUR HEARTS, AS WHEN THEY PROVOKED ME.”
to be stubborn, to be obstinate

To be stubborn, in the sense of refusing to believe

Examples
Acts 19:9 But when some were becoming hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the people, he withdrew from them and took the disciples away with him, and had discussions daily in the school of Tyrannus.
Hebrews 3:13 But encourage one another every day, as long as it is still called “today,” so that none of you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin.

How it’s used In 4 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

6 occurrences in 3 groups

Not stated: you (more than one) 3
τὶςsomeone 2
Not stated: he, she or it 1

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

4 occurrences in 2 groups

καρδίαheart 3
θέλωto want, to wish, to desire 1

With adverbsAdverbs

4 occurrences in 1 groups

μήnot 4

What is done to itIt is the object

4 occurrences in 3 groups

λέγωto say 2
προερέωto say already 1
ἀφορίζωto separate, to set apart 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words

קָשָׁה qâshâh · H7185 · to be hard, to be difficult, to do something hard: Hebrew קָשָׁה encompasses a broader semantic range including physical hardness, cruelty, and severity, while Greek σκληρύνω specializes in the figurative sense of moral/spiritual hardening (stubbornness, obstinacy), particularly in contexts of resistance to divine will.
חָזַק châzaq · H2388 · to be strong, to prevail, to overcome: חָזַק (châzaq, H2388) denotes strengthening or making firm in a broad physical/moral sense; σκληρύνω (sklērýnō, G4645) specifically denotes hardening in the negative figurative sense of rendering stubborn or obstinate, particularly of hearts resistant to God.

Semantic domains 2 entries

To be stubborn, to be obstinate88.225: The verb describes becoming resistant or obstinate. Luke records that in Ephesus “some were becoming hardened and disobedient, speaking evil of the Way before the people” (Acts 19:9).
To make stubborn, to make obstinate88.226: The same verb, in a causative sense, describes God's own act of hardening. Paul writes, “So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires” (Romans 9:18).

Word family 7 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

σκέλος skélos · G4628 · leg · 3×σκληρύνωsklērýnō · G4645σκληρός sklērós · G4642 · harsh, strong, violent · 5×σκολιός skoliós · G4646 · winding, crooked, unscrupulous · 4×σκληροκαρδία sklērokardía · G4641 · stubborn, completely unyielding · 3×σκληρότης sklērótēs · G4643 · stubbornness · 1×σκληροτράχηλος sklērotráchēlos · G4644 · stubborn, completely unyielding · 1×

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon (cf. Winer's Grammar, 92 (88)); 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural σκληρύνητε; passive,…

(cf. Winer's Grammar, 92 (88)); 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural σκληρύνητε; passive, imperfect ἐσκληρυνομην; 1 aorist ἐσκληρυνθην; (σκληρός, which see); the Sept. for הִקְשָׁה and הִזֵּק, to make hard, to harden; properly, in Hippocrates and Galen; metaphorically, to render obstinate, stubborn (A. V. to harden): τινα, Rom 9:18 (in opposed to those who interpret it to treat harshly, cf. Fritzsche, vol. ii., p. 323f; (cf., too, Meyer at the passage)); τήν καρδίαν τίνος, Heb 3:8, Heb 3:15 and Heb 4:7 (from Ps 94:8; cf. Ex 7:3, Ex 7:22; Ex 8:19; Ex 9:12); passive (the Sept. for קָשָׁה and חָזַק) to be hardened, i. e. become obstinate or stubborn: Acts 19:9; Heb 3:13.

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Stubbornness6 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0