οὐδέ
oudé · G3761 · Greek · 143 occurrences
Meanings
-
and not, nor, neither
Combination of the negative particle οὐ ‘not,’, and the postpositive conjunction δέ ‘and,’
ExamplesMatthew 5:15 nor do people light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house.
Matthew 6:15 “But if you do not forgive other people, then your Father will not forgive your offenses.
Matthew 6:20 “But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves do not break in or steal;
-
not even
Combination of the negative particle οὐ, and the postpositional particle δέ ‘even,’ which does not occur with this sense as an independent graphic unit in the NT
ExamplesMatthew 6:29 yet I say to you that not even Solomon in all his glory clothed himself like one of these.
Matthew 21:32 “For John came to you in the way of righteousness and you did not believe him; but the tax collectors and prostitutes did believe him; and you, seeing this, did not even have second thoughts afterward so as to believe him.
Matthew 24:36 “But about that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone.
How it’s used In 1 role
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- λαμβάνωto receive, to take 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- οὔτε oúte · G3777 · neither … nor
- οὐδέ and οὔτε are distinct negative coordinating particles with overlapping function in compound negation. οὐδέ spans both a simple "and not, nor" function and an emphatic "not even" function, while οὔτε is specialized for "neither...nor" constructions, so the two differ in their syntactic preferences.
In the other Testament 1 word
- לֹא lôʼ · H3808 · not, no
- Hebrew לֹא (lôʼ, H3808) is the standard Hebrew negative particle corresponding to Greek οὐδέ (oudé, G3761) in contexts where neither/nor/not-even negation is expressed, particularly in compound negative constructions and emphatic denials.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- And not, nor, neither69.7
- This domain covers οὐδέ joining a second negated clause to a first, as Jesus teaches on anxiety: “Look at the birds of the sky, that they do not sow, nor reap, nor gather crops into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them.” (Matthew 6:26)
- Not even69.8
- Here οὐδέ intensifies a denial to its most extreme case, as Jesus warns His disciples about the timing of His return: “But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone.” (Matthew 24:36)
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon (from Homer down), a neg. disjunctive conjunction, compounded of οὐ and δέ, and therefore…
1. and not, continuing a negation, yet differently from οὔτε; for the latter connects parts or members of the same thing, since τέ is adjunctive like the Latinque; but οὐδέ places side by side things that are equal and mutually exclude each other ((?). There appears to be some mistake here in what is said about 'mutual exclusion' (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 55, 6): οὐδέ, like δέ, always makes reference to something preceding; οὔτε to what follows also; the connection of clauses made negative by οὔτε is close and internal, so that they are mutually complementary and combine into a unity, whereas clauses negatived by οὐδέ follow one another much more loosely, often almost by accident as it were; see Winer's Grammar, at the passage cited, and especially the quotations there given from Benfey and Klotz.) It differs from μηδέ as οὐ does from μή (which see ad at the beginning); after οὐ, where each has its own verb: Mt 5:15 Mt 6:28; Mk 4:22; Lk 6:44; Acts 2:27; Acts 9:9; Acts 17:24; Gal 1:17; Gal 4:14; οὐκ οἶδα οὐδέ ἐπίσταμαι, Mk 14:68 R G L marginal reading (others, οὔτε... οὔτε) (Cicero, pro Rosc. American 43,non novi neque scio); cf. Winers Grammar, 490 (456)
c.; (Buttmann, 367 (315) note); οὐ... οὐδέ... οὐδέ, not... nor... nor, Mt 6:26; οὐδείς... οὐδέ... οὐδέ... οὐδέ, Rev 5:3 (R G; cf. Buttmann, 367 (315); Winer's Grammar, 491 (457)); οὐ... οὐδέ; followed by a future... οὐδέ μή followed by subjunctive aorist... οὐδέ, Rev 7:16. οὐ... οὐδέ, the same verb being common to both: Mt 10:24; Mt 25:13; Lk 6:43; Lk 8:17 (cf. Winers Grammar, 300 (281); Buttmann, 355 (305) cf. § 139, 7); Jn 6:24; Jn 13:16; Acts 8:21; Acts 16:21; Acts 24:18; Rom 2:28; Rom 9:16; Gal 1:1; Gal 3:28; 1 Thess 5:5; 1 Tim 2:12; Rev 21:23. preceded by οὔπω, Mk 8:17; — by οὐδείς, Mt 9:17; — by ἵνα μή, which is followed by οὐδέ... οὐδέ, where μηδέ... μηδέ might have been expected (cf. Buttmann, § 148, 8; (Winer's Grammar, 474 (442))) Rev 9:4. οὐδέ γάρ, for neither, Jn 8:42; Rom 8:7.
2. also not (A. V. generally neither): Mt 6:15; Mt 21:27; Mt 25:45; Mk 11:26 (R L); Lk 16:31; Jn 15:4; Rom 4:15; Rom 11:21; 1 Cor 15:13, 1 Cor 15:16; Gal 1:12 (οὐδέ γάρ ἐγώ (cf. Buttmann, 367 (315) note; 492 (458))); Heb 8:4, etc.; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Lk 23:15; ἤ οὐδέ, in a question, or doth not even etc.? 1 Cor 11:14 Rec.; the simple οὐδέ, num ne quidem (have ye not even etc.) in a question where a negative answer is assumed (see οὐ, 7): Mk 12:10; Lk 6:3; Lk 23:40; and G L T Tr WH in 1 Cor 11:14.
3. not even (Buttmann, 369 (316)): Mt 6:29; Mt 8:10; Mk 6:31; Lk 7:9; Lk 12:27; Jn 21:25 (Tdf. omits the verse); 1 Cor 5:1; 1 Cor 14:21; οὐδέ εἷς (Winers Grammar, 173 (163); Buttmann, § 127, 32), Acts 4:32; Rom 3:10; 1 Cor 6:5 (L T Tr WH οὐδείς); οὐδέ ἕν, Jn 1:3; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Acts 19:2; 1 Cor 3:2 (Rec. ἀλλ' οὔτε); ; Gal 2:3. in a double negative for the sake of emphasis, οὐκ... οὐδέ (Buttmann, 369 (316); Winer's Grammar, 500 (465)): Mt 27:14; Lk 18:13; Acts 7:5.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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