κακῶς
kakōs · G2560 · Greek · 16 occurrences
Meanings
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bad, evil, harmful, harshly
Pertaining to being bad, with the implication of harmful and damaging
ExamplesActs 23:5 And Paul said, “I was not aware, brothers, that he is high priest; for it is written: ‘YOU SHALL NOT SPEAK EVIL OF A RULER OF YOUR PEOPLE.’”
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harmed, harm, injured
Pertaining to having experienced harm
ExamplesMatthew 17:15 “Lord, have mercy on my son, because he has seizures and suffers terribly; for he often falls into the fire and often into the water.
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incorrect, wrong
Pertaining to being incorrect or inaccurate, with the possible implication of also being reprehensible
ExamplesJohn 18:23 Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken wrongly, testify of the wrong; but if rightly, why do you strike Me?”
James 4:3 You ask and do not receive, because you ask with the wrong motives, so that you may spend what you request on your pleasures.
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seriously, severely, grievously, dangerously
A high point on a scale of extent and implying harm and seriousness of the state
ExamplesMatthew 15:22 And a Canaanite woman from that region came out and began to cry out, saying, “Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David; my daughter is severely demon-possessed.”
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to be ill, to be sick
(An idiom, literally: to have badly, or: to fare badly) To be in a bad state, to be ill (to some extent equivalent to the English idiom ‘to be bad off,’ in speaking of ill health)
ExamplesMatthew 4:24 And the news about Him spread throughout Syria; and they brought to Him all who were ill, those suffering with various diseases and severe pain, demon-possessed, people with epilepsy, and people who were paralyzed; and He healed them.
Matthew 8:16 Now when evening came, they brought to Him many who were demon-possessed; and He cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all who were ill.
Matthew 9:12 But when Jesus heard this, He said, “It is not those who are healthy who need a physician, but those who are sick.
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Harmed, harm, injured20.18
- In Acts 23:5, Paul, having spoken sharply to the high priest, quotes the law, “YOU SHALL NOT SPEAK EVIL OF A RULER OF YOUR PEOPLE,” using this word for speech that inflicts harm through slander.
- To be ill, to be sick23.148
- In Matthew 9:12, Jesus says, “It is not those who are healthy who need a physician, but those who are sick,” using this word for the state of being physically ill.
- Incorrect, wrong72.22
- In James 4:3, believers are told, “You ask and do not receive, because you ask with the wrong motives, so that you may spend what you request on your pleasures,” using this word for something done incorrectly or improperly.
- Seriously, severely, grievously, dangerously78.17
- In Matthew 15:22, a Canaanite woman cries out to Jesus, “Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David; my daughter is severely demon-possessed,” using this word for an especially severe or grievous manner of affliction.
- Bad, evil, harmful, harshly88.106
- In Mark 1:32, it is written that as evening came, “they brought to Him all who were ill and those who were demon-possessed,” using this word for a state or manner marked by badness.
Word family 20 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon (κακός), adverb (from Homer on down), badly, ill, i. e. a. (in a physical sense)…
a. (in a physical sense) miserably: ἔχειν, to be ill, sick (see ἔχω, II. a.), Mt 4:24; Mt 8:16; Mt 9:12; Mt 14:35; (Mt 17:15 L Tr text WH text); Mark (Mk 1:32, Mk 1:34); ; (Mk 6:55); Lk 5:31; Lk 7:2, etc.; πάσχειν, Mt 17:15 (R G T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading); δαιμονίζεσθαι, Mt 15:22; κακούς κακῶς ἀπολέσει, Mt 21:41, on this combination of words with verbs of destroying, perishing, etc., which is frequent in Greek writings also, cf. Kuinoel at the passage; Winers Grammar, § 68, 1.
b. (morally) improperly, wrongly: Jn 18:23; κακῶς εἰπεῖν τινα, to speak ill of, revile, one, Acts 23:5; with bad intent, αἰτεῖσθαι, Jas 4:3.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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