ἐσθίω

and ἔσθω, which see (lengthened forms of ἔδω (cf. Curtius, Das Verbum, ii., p. 429)); imperfect ἤσθιον; 2 aorist ἔφαγον (from ΦΑΓΩ); future φάγομαι (2 person φάγεσαι, Lk 17:8 (references under the word κατακαυχάομαι, at the beginning)), for the classic ἔδομαι, see Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii, p. 185; Kühner, i., p. 824; (Winers Grammar, 89 (85); Buttmann, 58 (51); but especially Veitch, under the word); the Sept. for אָכַל; (from Homer down); to eat; Vulg.manduco, (edo, etc.); (of animals, to devour);
a. absolutely: Mt 14:20; Mt 15:37, Mt 15:38; Mt 26:26; Mk 6:31; Mk 8:8; Jn 4:31, and often; ἐν τῷ φαγεῖν, in eating (the supper), 1 Cor 11:21; διδόναι τίνι φαγεῖν, to give one (something) to eat, Mt 14:16; Mt 25:35, Mt 25:42; Mk 5:43; Mk 6:37; Lk 9:13 (and with addition of an accusative of the thing to be eaten, Jn 6:31, Jn 6:52; ἐκ τίνος, Rev 2:7; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 198f (187f))); φέρειν τίνι φαγεῖν, to bring one (something) to eat, Jn 4:33; specifically in opposition to abstinence from certain kinds of food, Rom 14:3, Rom 14:20; ἐσθίειν καί πίνειν (and φαγεῖν καί πιεῖν), to use food and drink to satisfy one's hunger and thirst, 1 Cor 11:22; contextually, to be supported at the expense of others, 1 Cor 9:4; not to shun choice food and in a word to be rather a free-liver, opposed to the narrow and scrupulous notions of those who abstain from the use of wine and certain kinds of food, Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; opposed to fasting (τό νηστεύειν), Lk 5:33; of those who, careless about other and especially graver matters, lead an easy, merry life, Lk 12:19; Lk 17:27; 1 Cor 15:32 (Isa 22:13); of the jovial use of a sacrificial feast, 1 Cor 10:7 from Ex 32:6; preceded by a negative, to abstain from all nourishment, Acts 23:12, Acts 23:21; to use a spare diet, spoken of an ascetic mode of life, Mt 11:18; of fasting, Acts 9:9; ἐσθίειν (καί πίνειν) μετά τίνος, to dine, feast (in company) with one, Mt 9:11; Mk 2:16; Lk 5:30; with one (he providing the entertainment), i. e. at his house, Lk 7:36; μετά τῶν μεθυόντων etc., of luxurious revelling, Mt 24:49; Lk 12:45; ἐπί τραπέζης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the food and drink spread out on Christ's table, i. e. to enjoy the blessings of the salvation procured by Christ (which is likened to a banquet), Lk 22:30; ἐσθίειν τίνι, to one's honor, Rom 14:6.
b. construed with an accusative of the thing, to eat (consume) a thing (Winer's Grammar, 198 (187) note): Mt 6:25; Mk 1:6; Jn 4:32; Jn 6:31; Rom 14:2; 1 Cor 8:13; 1 Cor 10:25, etc.; ἄρτον, to take food, eat a meal (after the Hebrew לֶחֶם אָכַל, Gen 43:25; Ex 2:20; 1 Sam 20:24; Prov 23:7), Mt 15:2; Mk 3:20; Lk 14:1, Lk 14:15; τόν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον, obtained by his own labor, 2 Thess 3:12; ἄρτον παρά τίνος (the genitive of person) to be supported by one, 2 Thess 3:8; τά παρά τίνος, the things supplied by one, Lk 10:7, equivalent to τά παρατιθέμενα in Lk 10:8 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 366 (343)); 1 Cor 10:27; μή ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον, to live frugally, Lk 7:33; τό κυριακόν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν, to celebrate the Lord's supper, 1 Cor 11:20; τό πάσχα, to eat the paschal lamb, celebrate the paschal supper, Mt 26:17; Mk 14:12, Mk 14:14; Lk 22:8, Lk 22:11, Lk 22:15, Lk 22:16 L T Tr WH; Jn 18:28; τάς θυσίας, to celebrate the sacrificial feasts, said of Jews, 1 Cor 10:18; of animals, in Lk 15:16 (where ὧν stands by attraction for ἅ, because ἐσθίειν with a simple genitive of thing is nowhere found in the N. T. (Winers Grammar, 198 (187) note)) by a usage hardly to be met with in classical Greek (Winers Grammar, § 28, 1; (Buttmann, 159 (139))), ἐκ τίνος, to (take and) eat of a thing: Lk 22:16 (R G); Jn 6:26, Jn 6:50; 1 Cor 11:28; on the other hand, ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ (L T Tr WH τόν καρπόν), ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος ἐσθίειν, in 1 Cor 9:7, is to support oneself by the sale of the fruit and the milk (but cf. Buttmann, as above, and Meyer at the passage). ἐκ with the genitive of place: ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, draw their support from the temple, i. e. from the sacrifices and offerings, 1 Cor 9:13 (but T Tr WH read τά ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); also ἐκ θυσιαστηρίου, i. e. from the things laid on the altar, Heb 13:10 (Winer's Grammar, 366 (344)). by a Hebraism (מִן אָכַל), ἀπό τίνος (cf. Winer's Grammar, 199 (187)): Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28. Metaphorically, to devour, consume: τινα, Heb 10:27; τί, Rev 17:16; of rust, Jas 5:3. (Compare: κατεσθίω, συνεσθίω.)
G2068 — ἔσθω
, equivalent to ἐσθίω, a poetic form in use from Homer down, very rare in prose writings; from it are extant in the N. T. the participle ἔσθων in Mk 1:6 T Tr WH; (Lk 10:7 L T Tr WH); Lk 7:33 L Tr WH, (also 34 WH); the present subjunctive 2 person plural ἔσθητε in Lk 22:30 L T Tr WH; (cf. κατεσθίω). It occurs several times in the Sept., as Lev 17:10; Judg 14:9 (Alex.); Isa 9:20; Sir. 20:16; ἔσθετε, Lev 19:26. Cf. (Tdf. Proleg., p. 81); Buttmann, 58 (51).