ἐπιθυμητής

πλεονέκτης pleonéktēs · G4123 · greedy person, covetous person

πλεονέκτης denotes one who desires to have more, a greedy or covetous person. While ἐπιθυμητής emphasizes the internal craving or lusting, πλεονέκτης emphasizes the acquisitive desire for more, especially material gain. Both describe one characterized by wrongful desire.

φιλήδονος philḗdonos · G5369 · given over to pleasure, lover of pleasure, loving pleasure

φιλήδονος describes one who loves pleasure, emphasizing the pursuit of sensual gratification. While ἐπιθυμητής focuses on the internal state of craving, φιλήδονος characterizes the person's devotion to pleasure-seeking. Both describe someone driven by base desires.

ἐγκρατής enkratḗs · G1468 · self-controlled

ἐγκρατής describes one who exercises self-control and mastery over desires and impulses. This is the direct lexical opposite of ἐπιθυμητής (one characterized by craving and giving in to desire): self-control versus lack of control over cravings.

חָמַד châmad · H2530 · to desire, to want to have, desirable

The Hebrew verb חָמַד denotes the act of desiring or coveting (as in the Tenth Commandment), and its participial forms can function nominally to refer to 'one who desires/covets,' making it a direct translation equivalent for ἐπιθυμητής in contexts of wrongful desire.

אָוָה ʼâvâh · H183 · to crave, to desire, to long for

The Hebrew verb אָוָה expresses strong desire or craving, often with negative connotations (as in Num 11:34, 'Kibroth-hattaavah' = graves of craving). Its participial forms can denote 'one who craves,' parallel to ἐπιθυμητής.

One who greatly desires25.13

Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 10:6 that Israel's wilderness history stands as an example “so that we would not crave evil things as they also craved,” ἐπιθυμητής naming the Israelites as people characterized by that very craving.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.