תַּחַת

H8478. tachath
תַּחַת noun [masculine] the under part (Arabic id.), hence as
adverb accusative and
preposition underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic , Sabean תחת, Ethiopic Phoenician תחת (Lzb385); Biblical Aramaic תְּחוֺת ᵑ7,, Palmyrene in לתחת מן Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke320), Syriac ); — 1 as
adverb accusative Gen 49:25 (= Deu 33:13) the deep תָּ֑חַת רֹבֶצֶת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִתָּחַת מִן, literally off (מִן
1c) the under part = beneath, Exo 20:4 (= Deu 5:8) מִתָּ֑חַת בָּאָרֶץ (so Deu 4:39; Jos 2: 1Ki 8:23 [both D2], Isa 51:6), Deu 33:27; Jdg 7:8; Amo 2:9; Isa 14:9; Job 18:16; Eze 47:1b
II. as
preposition; so construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hab 3:16+, חַתֵּנִי (compare עוֺדֶנִּי בַּעֲדֵנִי,: Ges§ 103d) 2Sa 22:37, 2Sa 22:40, 2Sa 22:48 (Psa 18:37; Psa 18:40; Psa 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2Sa 2:23; 2Sa 3:12; 2Sa 16:8; Job 9:13), תֵּחְתֶּיהָ Lev 13:23 Lev 13:16t., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (compare עוֺדֶנָּה אֵינֶנָּה,) Gen 2:21; תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1Sa 14:9; Psa 47:4; תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Jos 2:14; Amo 2:13; תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Num 16:31; 1Ki 20:24; 1Ch 4:41; 1Ch 5:22; 2Ch 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1Ki 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deu 2:12 Deu 2:10t., תַּחְתֵּקהֶן Jer 28:13; —
1 under, beneath, Gen 7:19 כָּלֿ תַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם under the whole heaven (so Deu 2:25; Deu 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Dan 9:12), Dan 18:4 ׳ת הָעֵץ, Dan 21:15; Dan 24:2+ often; Job 30:14 ׳תּ שׁוֺאָה under the crash they roll themselves against me; ׳ת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Ecc 1:3, Ecc 1:9, Ecc 1:13 +? Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke4. 7; 5. 12). With לְ2Ch 4:3 לוֺ תַּחַת, Son 2:6 = Son 8:3 ׳ת לְראֹשִׁי. Idiomatic
a. הָהָר תַּחַת at the foot of the mountain, Exo 24:4; Deu 4:11, so Deu 3:17 ת הַמִּסְגָּה ׳אַשְׁדֹּת Jos 11:3, Jos 11:17 +; figurative Psa 18:37 אְעָדַי תַּרְחִיד תַּחְתָּ֑י thou broadenest mysteps under me, Job 36:15 תַּחְתֶּיךָ מוּצָק לאֹ רַחַב (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee.
b. ת ׳הַלָּשׁוֺן, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, figurative of sweetness Son 4:11, of evil Psa 10:7 ת וָאָוֶן עָמָל ׳לְשֹׁנוֺ, Job 20:12 (so ׳ת שְׁפָתֵימוֺ Psa 140:4), of praise Psa 66:17 ת ׳וְרוֺמַם לְשֹׁנוֺ (synonym בִּגְרוֺנָם Psa 149:6).
c. פ ׳תַּחַת: (a) of subjection, Psa 18:40 קָמַי רִיעַ תַּכְּ תַּחְתָּ֑י, Psa 18:48 (compare Psa 47:4; Psa 144:2), Psa 45:6; Job 9:13. (b) of a woman, ׳ת אִישָׁתּ, i.e. under his authority, Num 5:19-20, Num 5:29, so Eze 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (figurative of Israel as ׳יs spouse), compare ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and Qor 66:10. (c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Isa 24:5 the earth ת ׳הָֽנְפָה יָֽשְׁבֶיהָ, Pro 30:21 ׳ת אֶרֶץ רָגְזָה שָׁלוֺשׁ, Pro 30:22; Pro 30:23; Hab 3:7 ׳ת אָיֶן i.e. (si vera 1.) suffering under calamity.
d. ׳ת פ ׳יַד, of authority or control, Gen 41:35 ת בָר ׳וְיִצְבְּרוּ מַּרְעֹה יַד; Jdg 3:30 (compare Psa 106:42), 1Sa 21:4; 1Sa 21:5 (strike out אֶל; dittograph חֹל), v.1Sa 21:9; Isa 3:6.
e. ׳ת פ ׳רַגְלֵי, of subjection or conquest, Psa 8:7 ת ׳שַׁתָּה כֹּל רַגְלָיו, Psa 18:39; Psa 47:4; Lam 3:34, compare Malachi 3:31.
2 what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accusative,
a. with reflexive pronoun, idiomatic, in one's place, where one stands, Exo 16:29 אִישׁ שְׁבוּ תַּחְתָּיו abide every one in his place, Lev 13:23, Lev 13:28; Jos 5:8; Jos 6:5, Jos 6:20; Jdg 7:21; 1Sa 14:9 תַחְתֵּינוּ וְעָמַדְנוּ we will remain where we are, 2Sa 2:23 תַּחְתָּו וַיָּמָת he died where he was (compare Jer 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), Jer 7:10; Isa 25:10; Isa 46:7; Amo 2:13; Hab 3:16 אֶרְגָּ֑ז וְתַחְתַּי I tremble where I stand, Zec 12:6; Zec 14:10; Job 36:20; Job 40:12 תַּחְתָּם
b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gen 2:18; Gen 4:25 ׳ת הֶבֶל instead of Abel, Gen 22:13 ׳ת בְּנוֺ, Gen 30:2 ׳הֲת אנכי אלהיס (compare Gen 50:19), Gen 44:33; 2Sa 19:1 + often; Job 16:4; Isa 3:24; Isa 55:13; Isa 61:3, Isa 61:7; of one succeeding to the place of another, וַיִּמְחֹ תַּחְתָּיו Genesis 36:33-49 1Ki 8:20; 1Ki 11:43; 1Ki 14:20 + often, Deu 2:12, Deu 2:21 תַחְתָּם וַיֵָּֽשְׁבוּ, Lev 16:32; 1Ki 2:35 +; Psa 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. compare in Ph CISi.3.9 (Cooke30). Sq. infinitive Isa 60:15 ׳ת הֱיוֺתֵח instead of thy being . . . Peculiarly Job 34:26 (si vera lectio)= as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu רְשָׁעִ֑ים חֲמָתוֺ תָּחֵת his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in particular, of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gen 30:15 ׳ת בְנֵח דּוּדָאֵי in return, for thy son's love-apples, Exo 21:23) גֶפְשׁlife for life, Exo 21:24; Exo 21:25; Exo 21:26; Exo 21:27; Exo 21:36; Exodus 22:37, Jos 2:14 לָמוּת תַחְתֵּיכֶם נַפְשֵׁנוּ, 1Sa 2:20; 1Ki 20:39 ת ׳נפשׁך נפשׁו, 1Ki 20:42 (compare 2Ki 10:24), 2Ki 21:2; Isa 43:3-4, often with verbs of requiting, Gen 44:4 ת רָעָה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם ׳לָ֫מּה טוֺבָם why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good ? 1Sa 25:21; 2Sa 16:12; 2Sa 19:22; Psa 35:12 ת דָעָה ׳יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי טוֺבָה, Psa 38:21a; Psa 109:4; Psa 109:5; Pro 17:3 +; Jer 5:19 מֶה תַּחַת in return for what? (compare עַלמֶֿה Jer 22:8; Deu 29:23; 1Ki 9:8). So followed by infinitive Psa 38:21b. 3 as
conjunction: a. אֲשֶׁר תַּחַת: (a) instead of that (German. anstatt dass), Deu 28:62 ׳ת ׳א הֱיִיתֶם instead of that ye were..., instead of your being.., Eze 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that (ᵐ5 ἀνθ’ ὧν Amo 1:3 + often), Num 25:13 ׳ת לא קִנָּא ׳אֲשֶׁר, Deu 21:14; Deu 22:29; Deu 28:47; 1Sa 26:21; 2Ki 22:17 2Ch 34:25; Isa 53:12; Jer 29:19; Jer 50:7; 2Ch 21:12.
b. כִּי תַּחַת Deu 4:37 (but ? read : וֶַתּחִי as end of Deu 4:36), Pro 1:29. compare (כִּיׅ אֲשֶׁר עֵקֶב.
III compounds: —
1 אֶלתַּֿחַת, after a verb of motion:
a. (in) under, Jdg 6:19 ׳ת הָאֵלָה אֶלֿ וַיּוֺצֵא, 1Ki 8:6 (|| 2Ch 5:7), Jer 3:6; Jer 38:11 (on 1Sa 21:5 see
II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zec 3:10: so ׳אֶלתֿ ׳לְ Eze 10:2.
b. into the place of, Lev 14:42.
2 מִתַּחַת (= ὑπ’ ἐκ):
a. alone, from under, from beneath as הַשָּׁמַיִם מִתַּחַת Gen 1:7, and especially after such verbs as שִׁחֵת Gen 6:17, מָחֶה Exo 17:14; Deu 9:14; Deu 25:19; Deu 29:19; 2Ki 14:27, הֶאֲבִיד Deu 7:24, compare Lam 3:66; Eze 47:1 a הַבַּיִת ׳מִתּ מִמְּתַּן, Pro 22:27 מִּתַּחְתֶּיךָ מִשְׁכָּֽבְּךָ יִקַח לָ֫מָּה; Exo 6:6-7, ׳מִתּ מִצְרַיִם סִבְלוֺת, Hos 4:12 מִתּ ׳וַיִּזְנוּ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם (compare
II. 1 c a, b); ׳מִתּ פ ׳יַד (compare
II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of ... Exo 18:10; 2Ki 8:20, 2Ki 8:22; 2Ki 13:5; 2Ki 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (compare
II. 2 a) from his place Exo 10:23; Zec 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or לְ ׳מִתַּחַת, Gen 1:9 (P) Eze 1:8; Eze 42:9; Eze 46:23; Job 26:5.
b. לְ ׳מִתַּחַת (opposed to לְ ׳מִמַּעַל) under, beneath: Gen 1:17 לָרָקִיעַ מִתּ אֲשֶׁר ׳הַמַּיִם, Exo 20:4 לָאָרֶץ מִתַּחַת הַמַּיִם (so Deu 4:18; Deu 5:8), Jdg 3:16 ׳מִתּ לְמַדָּיו, Jer 38:12 +; of locality, Gen 35:8 ׳מִתּ לְבֵיתְאֵל, 1Sa 7:11; 1Ki 4:12.
c. לְ ׳לְמִתַּחַת ( compare מִן
9b), id quod לְ ׳מִתַּחַת 1Ki 7:32.