שָׁקַף
shâqaph · H8259 · Hebrew · 22 occurrences
Meanings
-
to overlook
State in which a place is located on a relatively high elevation, so that from there one can see surrounding places that are situated at a lower altitude
ExamplesNumbers 21:20 and from Bamoth to the valley that is in the land of Moab, at the top of Pisgah, which overlooks the desert.
Numbers 23:28 So Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which overlooks the desert.
1 Samuel 13:18 and another company turned toward Beth-horon, and another company turned toward the border that overlooks the Valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
-
to look down
Action by which humans or deities fix their eyes towards something located at a lower level of elevation
ExamplesGenesis 18:16 Then the men rose up from there, and looked down toward Sodom; and Abraham was walking with them to send them off.
Genesis 19:28 and he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the surrounding area; and behold, he saw the smoke of the land ascended like the smoke of a furnace.
Genesis 26:8 Now it came about, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked down through a window, and saw them, and behold, Isaac was caressing his wife Rebekah.
-
to appear, to loom
Literally: to see; hence: process by which an event is beginning to take place, described in terms of something that slowly becomes visible
ExamplesJeremiah 6:1 “Flee to safety, you sons of Benjamin, From the midst of Jerusalem! Blow a trumpet in Tekoa And raise a warning signal over Beth-haccerem; For evil looks down from the north, Along with a great destruction.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
22 occurrences in 13 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- Not stated (participle) 4
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 3
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
18 occurrences in 13 groups
- בְּעַדfor, behind, through+ חַלּוֹןwindow 5
- מִןfrom+ שָׁמַיִםheaven, sky 4
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 3
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- זֹאתthis 1
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- παρακύπτω parakýptō · G3879 · to bend over, to stoop down, to stoop and look into
- Greek παρακύπτω specifically emphasizes the physical act of bending/leaning to peer into something, while Hebrew שָׁקַף encompasses a broader range of looking actions including looking down from a height or looking out/forth without necessarily implying the bending posture.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- See002004001005
- This verb denotes looking down from a vantage point, as in Genesis 18:16's account of the men rising up and looking down toward Sodom.
- Happen002002003003
- The verb also introduces an event brought about by a divine act of looking, as in Exodus 14:24's account of the LORD looking down on the Egyptian army and throwing it into confusion.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8259. shaqaph I. שָׁקַף verb Niph`al Hiph`il overhang, look out and down (Late Hebrew…
I. שָׁקַף verb Niph`al Hiph`il overhang, look out and down (Late Hebrew Niph`al Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew; compare Aramaic שְׁקִיפָא, ;, rocky pinnacle, rock, Arabic ceiling, roof, sky (on connection of meaningscompare Arabic overtop, overlook, from be high; look down upon, from rise); —
Niph`al Perfect3feminine singular נִשְׁקְפָה Jdg 5:28+, וְנִשְׁקָ֖פָה Num 21:20 (read probably participle הַנִּשְׁקָפָה, compare Num 23:28, GBG); 1singular נִשְׁקָ֑פְתּי Pro 7:6; Participle נִשְׁקָף Num 23:28; 1Sa 13:18; Psa 85:12; feminine נִשְׁקָפָָה Son 6:10; — lean over (and look), lookdown, with בְּעַד of window, through Jdg 5:28; 1Sa 2:16 = 1Ch 15:29; Pro 7:6; absolute look down, forth Son 6:10; with מִן of direction whence Jer 6:1; Psa 85:12 (both figurative); of mountain lean over upon (עַלמְּֿנֵי), overhang Num 21:20; Num 23:23; 1Sa 13:18 (read הַגֶּעַ for הגבול We Dr HPS and others).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׁקִיף Psa 14:2 +; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשְׁקִיף Lam 3:50, וַיַּשְׁקֵף Gen 19:28+, etc.;Imperative masculine singular cohortative הַשְׁקִ֫יפָה Deu 26:15; — look down (=
Niph`al): with בְּעַד of window Gen 26:8 (J), 2Ki 9:30, with אֶל person 2Ki 9:32; look down upon, עַלמְּֿנֵי, subject person Gen 18:16; Gen 19:28 (both J), absolute ׳וַיַּשׁ וַיַּרְא 2Sa 24:20 (וַיַּבֵּט in || 1Ch 21:21); especially subject ׳י, with אֶל location Exo 14:24 (J); with מִן local Deu 26:15; Psa 102:20,+עַל person Psa 14:2 = Psa 53:3, + וְיֵ֫רֶא Lam 3:50.
II. שׁקף (√ of following; compare Aramaic שְׁקַף, strike, whence following as that against which the door strikes, see Frä20; Arabic , to ceil or roof, ceiling, roof).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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