שִׁפְחָה
shiphchâh · H8198 · Hebrew · 63 occurrences
Meanings
-
female slave
Woman who is the legal property of someone else; either married or eligible for marriage; her children belong to the person who owns her
ExamplesGenesis 12:16 Therefore he treated Abram well for her sake; and he gave him sheep, oxen, male donkeys, male servants and female servants, female donkeys, and camels.
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
35 occurrences in 10 groups
- ךָyour 14
- הוּhis 6
- לֵאָהLeah 3
- יmy 3
- הּher 3
- Other words · 5 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
7 occurrences in 5 groups
- שָׁלַחto send, to send away 2
- שְׁנַיִםtwo 2
- אֶחָדone 1
- חָרַףto reproach 1
- רֵחֶהhand-mill 1
Named alongside itApposition
14 occurrences in 5 groups
- זִלְפָּהZilpah 5
- בִּלְהָהBilhah 4
- הָגָרHagar 3
- הֵנָּהthey 1
- מִצְרִיEgyptian 1
What it doesIt is the subject
11 occurrences in 8 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 3
- אָמַרto say 2
- דָבַרto speak, to say 1
- הָלַךְto go, to walk 1
- מָצָאto find 1
- נָגַשׁto come near, to bring near 1
What is done to itIt is the object
10 occurrences in 5 groups
- לָקַחto take, to receive 4
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 3
- קָנָהto buy, to acquire 1
- שׁוּבto return, to turn back 1
- שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 1
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יָדhand, power 1
- הָher 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 1
- כֹּלall, every, whole 1
- אָמָהfemale servant, maid 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
19 occurrences in 6 groups
- לto/for 12
- עַלon, upon, over, against 4
- כlike/as 3
- אֵלto, toward 2
- בin/on/with 2
- תַּחַתunder, below, instead of 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- בְּכוֹרfirstborn 1
- לֵבheart, mind 1
- עַיִןeye, sight 1
- פֶּהmouth 1
- קוֹלvoice, sound 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- אָמָה ʼâmâh · H519 · female slave
- Both lexemes denote female servants/bondmaids in the same semantic space, same-language near-synonyms that can substitute for each other in many contexts. The specific gloss overlap (bondmaid, maidservant) is narrow and precise.
- נַעֲרָה naʻărâh · H5291 · girl, young woman, servant
- נַעֲרָה (naʻărâh, H5291) emphasizes youth and marriageable age; שִׁפְחָה (shiphchâh, H8198) emphasizes servile or bonded social status.
In the other Testament 2 words
- παιδίσκη paidískē · G3814 · slave girl, slave woman
- Greek παιδίσκη serves as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew שִׁפְחָה, both denoting a female servant or bondmaid with overlapping semantic range across household servitude contexts.
- δούλη doúlē · G1399 · slave girl, slave woman
- δούλη (doúlē, G1399) is the standard Greek term for a female slave/bondservant, serving as the direct semantic equivalent of שִׁפְחָה (shiphchâh, H8198) in LXX translation contexts where the Hebrew denotes a maidservant or female slave in household service.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Classes001001003001
- This noun denotes a female servant of bonded social status, as in Genesis 16:1's description of Hagar as the Egyptian slave woman belonging to Sarai.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8198. shiphchah שִׁפְחָה noun feminine maid, maid-servant (synonym אָמָה, q. v.;…
שִׁפְחָה noun feminine maid, maid-servant (synonym אָמָה, q. v.; originally = concubine ? compare √); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 16:1 +; construct שִׁפְחַת Gen 16:2 +; suffix שִׁפְחָתִי Gen 16:2 +, etc.; plural absolute שְׁפָחוֺת Gen 12:16 +; suffix שִׁפְחֹתֶ֑ךָ Rth 2:13, etc.; —
1 literally, maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Gen 16:1, Gen 16:3, Gen 16:6, Gen 16:8 (PJ) Gen 29:24; Gen 29:29 (P) Psa 123:2; Pro 30:23; Isa 24:2; even where concubine of master (compare אָמָה) Gen 16:2, Gen 16:5 (PJ) Gen 25:12; Gen 35:25-26, (P) Gen 30:4, Gen 30:7, Gen 30:9, Gen 30:10, Gen 30:12, Gen 30:18 (all J E); less often reference to master Gen 29:24, Gen 29:29 (J), Rth 2:13, of concubine Gen 32:23, compare Gen 33:1-2, Gen 33:6 (all J); marriageable Lev 19:20 (H, compare Exo 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in General, especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Exo 11:5 (J) 1Sa 25:41 (opposed to אָמָה) 2Sa 17:17 (|| עֶבֶד) Gen 12:16; Gen 24:35(J) Gen 20:14 (E) Gen 30:43 (P) Gen 32:6 (J; collective) Deu 28:68; 1Sa 8:16; 2Ki 5:26; Isa 14:2; Jer 34:9-10, Jer 34:11 (twice in verse); Jer 34:16 (twice in verse); Joe 3:2; Ecc 2:7; 2Ch 28:10; Est 7:4.
2 figurative in address, שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (see אָמָה) Rth 2:13 (|| אָמָה Rth 3:9), 1Sa 1:18 (|| id. 1Sa 1:16), 1Sa 25:27, (|| 1Sa 25:24f.), 1Sa 28:21-22, 2Sa 14:6-7, 2Sa 14:12 (twice in verse); 2Sa 14:15, 2Sa 14:17, 2Sa 14:19; (|| אָמָה 2Sa 14:15; 2Sa 14:16); 2Ki 4:2, 2Ki 4:16; not toward God; but see אָמָה.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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