שָׁמַד
shâmad · H8045 · Hebrew · 90 occurrences
Meanings
-
to destroy, to exterminate, to wipe out, to demolish
Causative action by which humans, deities, or events completely remove humans, animals, or objects from existence; by (a usually unnatural) death, aggression, hardship, disaster, destruction, or direct divine intervention; often as punishment
ExamplesGenesis 34:30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble on me by making me repulsive among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites; and since my men are few in number, they will band together against me and attack me, and I will be destroyed, I and my household!”
Leviticus 26:30 ‘I then will destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and pile your remains on the remains of your idols, for My soul will loathe you.
Deuteronomy 1:27 and you grumbled in your tents and said, ‘Because the LORD hates us, He has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to hand us over to the Amorites to destroy us.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
87 occurrences in 27 groups
- Not stated (infinitive) 21
- Not stated: I 12
- Not stated: he, she or it 8
- ךָyou 6
- Not stated: they 5
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 4
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
56 occurrences in 29 groups
- הֶםthem 16
- וֹhim 5
- כֶםyou 5
- ךָּyou 4
- Other words · 25 groups that occur once or twice (29) 29
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
23 occurrences in 13 groups
- מִןfrom+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 10
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (13) 13
With adverbsAdverbs
8 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 6
- יַחַדtogether 2
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֵבָבheart, mind 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
22 occurrences in 3 groups
- לto/for 12
- עַדto, as far as, until 9
- אַחַרafter, behind 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- מַטְאֲטֵאbroom 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἐξολοθρεύω exolothreúō · G1842 · to destroy, to destroy and remove
- Greek ἐξολοθρεύω (exolothreuō) serves as the standard LXX rendering for Hebrew שָׁמַד (shamad), both denoting complete destruction or extirpation with the sense of utter annihilation.
- ἀφανίζω aphanízō · G853 · to destroy, to completely ruin, to make unsightly
- ἀφανίζω (aphanízō, G853) emphasizes the rendering unapparent or causing to disappear aspect of destruction, often with connotations of complete obliteration or vanishing, whereas שָׁמַד (shâmad, H8045) is the broader Hebrew term for total destruction or extermination without specifically focusing on the disappearance modality.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Non-Exist002002002006
- This verb denotes bringing something out of existence through destruction, as in Leviticus 26:30's warning that the LORD will destroy Israel's high places and cut down their incense altars.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8045. shamad [שָׁמַד]90 verb Niph`al be exterminated, destroyed (Late Hebrew derived…
[שָׁמַד]90 verb Niph`al be exterminated, destroyed (Late Hebrew derived species; Aramaic שְׁמַד Pa`el cause to apostatize (Jastr); Syriac seems disputed (in Lexicons); NöEut. Nab. 32 curse; BaES 10 cites Assyrian ašmud, I destroyed; Gerber112 thinks verb denominative); — Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְנִשְׁמַד Eze 32:12 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׁמֵ Isa 48:19; Pro 14:11; Pro 14:2masculine plural תִּשָּׁמֵד֑וּן Deu 4:26; Infinitiveabsolute הִשָּׁמֵד Deu 4:26; construct suffix הִשָּׁמֶדְךָ Deu 28:20, etc.; —
1 of person be annihilated, exterminated, Gen 34:30 (J), Jdg 21:16; 2Sa 21:5 (+ בְּ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב; — but read ᵐ5 לְהַשְׁמִידֵגוּ Ew We Dr and others), Psa 37:38 (|| נִכְדָת), Psa 83:11; of people Deu 4:26 (תּשּׁ ׳הִשָּׁמֵד), Deu 7:23; Deu 12:30(+ מִמָּנֶתךָ Deu 28:20 (|| אָבַד Deu 28:24; Deu 28:45; Deu 28:51; Deu 28:61, Jer 48:42 (+מֵעִם. Eze 33:12; Psa 92:8 (+ עֲדֵיעַֿד, compare also מִלְּפָנָי֑ שְׁמוֺ יִשָּׁמֵד וְלֹא Isa 48:19 (+ יִכָרֵת; וַרְעֶ֑ךָ etc., in || clause).
2 be destroyed, of bamoth, Hos 10:8, compare (רְשָׁעִים בֵּית) Pro 14:11; be devastated, of land, Jer 48:8 (|| אבר).
Hiph`il69 Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׁמִיד Deu 2:22 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשְׁמִיד Isa 13:9 +, וַיַּשְׁמֵד 1Ki 16:12; 2Ki 10:28, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשְׁמֵד Deu 33:27; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁמֵד Isa 14:28, יֵ֯ד Amo 9:8; construct לְהַשְׁמִיר Jos 9:24 +, also הִשְׁמִידְךָ עַד Deu 7:24, וֺ- Deu 28:48, ם ָ֯ - Jos 11:14 (but read in all ׳הַשׁ, as Jos 23:15, see DrDeu 7:24), לַשְׁמִד Isa 23:11, etc.; —
1 annihilate, exterminate: accusative of person or a people, subject ׳י or human person, Deu 1:27; Deu 2:22 (+ מִמְּנֵי person), Deu 6:15 (+ הָאֲרָמָה מֵעַלמְּֿנֵי), Deu 9:20 Deu 9:16t. Deuteronomy; Jos 7:12 (accusative הַחֵרֶם; + מִקִּרְבְּכֶם), Jos 9:24 Jos 9:4t. Joshua (all RD), 2Ki 14:16; 1Ki 13:34; Amo 9:8; Isa 13:9; Isa 26:14; Est 3:6, Est 3:13 23t.; accusative וְשָׁרָשָׁיו מִּרְיוֺ (figurative) Amo 2:9, compare Eze 34:16 (but Vrss Co Toy and others [not Hi Krae] אֶשְׁמֹר); ׳הִשׁ אֶתשְֿׁמִי 1Sa 24:22 (Gi v.1Sa 24:21), 2Sa 22:38; 1Ki 16:12; Psa 145:20; הַשְׁמֵד as substantive, Isa 14:23 besom of extermination; accusative אֶתהַֿבַּעַל 2Ki 10:28, of extirpating Baal-worship מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל.
2 destroy, cities Mic 5:13, fortresses Isa 23:11, bamoth Lev 26:30 (H), Num 33:52 (P; || אִבֵּד), הַגּוֺיִם מַמְלְכוֺת חֹזֶק Hag 2:22.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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