Word

שָׁכַם

shâkam · H7925 · Hebrew · 65 occurrences

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Meanings

to rise early

Action by which humans rise from their beds at early dawn

Examples
Genesis 19:2 And he said, “Now behold, my lords, please turn aside into your servant’s house, and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise early and go on your way.” They said, “No, but we shall spend the night in the public square.”
Genesis 19:27 Now Abraham got up early in the morning and went to the place where he had stood before the LORD;
Genesis 20:8 So Abimelech got up early in the morning and called all his servants, and told all these things in their presence; and the people were greatly frightened.
Literally: to rise early (and do something); hence: state in which humans or deities perform a certain action again and again (to persist, to do (something) persistently)

Examples
2 Chronicles 36:15 Yet the LORD, the God of their fathers, sent word to them again and again by His messengers, because He had compassion on His people and on His dwelling place;
Jeremiah 7:13 “And now, because you have done all these things,” declares the LORD, “and I spoke to you, speaking again and again, but you did not listen, and I called you but you did not answer,
Jeremiah 7:25 “Since the day that your fathers came out of the land of Egypt until this day, I have sent you all My servants the prophets, sending them daily, again and again.

How it’s used In 5 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

49 occurrences in 22 groups

Not stated: they 13
יְהוֹשׁוּעַJoshua 4
Not stated: you (one person) 4
Not stated: he, she or it 4
אַבְרָהָםAbraham 3
Not stated: you (more than one) 3
Other words · 16 groups that occur once or twice (20) 20

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

40 occurrences in 10 groups

בin/on/with+ בֹּקֶרmorning 31
מִןfrom+ מׇחֳרָתnext day 4
Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9

With adverbsAdverbs

2 occurrences in 2 groups

אָכֵןsurely, but 1
מָחָרtomorrow 1

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

1 occurrences in 1 groups

קוּםto arise 1

Named alongside itApposition

1 occurrences in 1 groups

כֶםyou 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words

ἀνίστημι anístēmi · G450 · to cause to stand, to raise up, to raise to life: שָׁכַם (shâkam, H7925) emphasizes the temporal dimension of rising early in the morning, while ἀνίστημι (anístēmi, G450) ἀνίστημι denotes the physical act of standing up or rising without inherent temporal specification; the Greek verb serves as the functional equivalent when the Hebrew construction conveys early-morning rising in narrative contexts.
ὄρθρος órthros · G3722 · early morning, daybreak, sunrise: שָׁכַם (shâkam, H7925) focuses on the action of rising/getting up early (verbal process), while ὄρθρος (órthros, G3722) denotes the time period itself (dawn/early morning as a temporal noun); Greek captures the temporal setting that Hebrew expresses through the adverbial construction of early rising.

Semantic domains 3 entries

Time002002002010: The verb for rising early, directly shown in the recurring narrative formula "got up early in the morning" (Genesis 19:2, 19:27, 20:8, 21:14, 22:3), marking the early hour of each of these events.
Stance002001001061: The physical act of rising from a lying or resting position, shown alongside the Time domain above in each of these same "got up early" citations.
Endure002002003001: This domain reflects a persistent, habitual quality to the recurring "rose early" formula across these narratives, not sharply distinguished from the Time and Stance domains already shown in the same five citations.

Word family 4 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שָׁכַםshâkam · H7925שְׁכֶם shᵉkem · H7926 · shoulder, mountain slope · 22×שִׁכְמָה shikmâh · H7929 · shoulder, mountain slope · 0×

Also from the root שָׁכַם

שָׁכַן shâkan · H7931 · to settle down, to stay, dwell, to cause to dwell · 129×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7925. shakam [שָׁכַם] verb Hiph`il denominative start, rise, early (properly load backs…

H7925. shakam
[שָׁכַם] verb Hiph`il denominative start, rise, early (properly load backs of beasts for day's journey); — Perfect3masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁכִּים 2Sa 15:2; Job 1:5, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Gen 19:27 +, 2 masculine singular תְּשְׁכִּים Jdg 9:33, etc.; Imperative הַשְׁכֵּם Exo 8:16 +; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁכֵּם Jer 7:25 +, כֵּים- Jer 44:4; Pro 27:14, erroneous אַשְׁכֵּים Jer 25:3 (Ges§ 53 K); Participle מַשְׁכִּים Hos 6:4 +, etc., — rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hexateuch only J E); לְדַרְכְּכֶם Jdg 19:9 (+ מָחָר), compare Cant 7:13; + verb of going Gen 19:2 (J), standing 2Sa 15:2 (compare Dr), encamping Jdg 7:1, etc.; + infinitive 1Sa 15:12 (compare Dr), 1Sa 29:11; 2Ki 6:15 (לָקוּם), קוּם מַשְׁכִּימֵי Psa 127:3 (opposed to שֶׁבֶת מְאַחֲרֵי); usually with בַּבֹּקֶר Gen 19:27 (J; אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם), 1Sa 29:10 (twice in verse) + 27 t., + (hyperbole) יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ בַבּ ׳מַשְׁכִּימֵי שֵׁכָר Isa 5:11 (|| בֵנֶּשֶׁף מְאַחֲרֵי); with מִמָּחֳרָת Exo 32:6 (E), Jdg 6:28 Jdg 6:3t.; with הַשַּׁחַר בַּעֲלוֺת Jos 6:15 (J), 1 Samuel 19:26; וַיֵּצְאוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיְמַהֲרוּ Jos 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start; and went out; Infinitive absolute (Ges§ 113s) as adverb ׳הַשׁ וְהַעֲרֵב 1Sa 17:16 at early morning and at evening; especially of ׳י, in Jeremiah: וְדַבֵּר ׳הַשׁ = speaking early and often Jer 7:13; Jer 35:14 and (of Jeremiah) Jer 25:3, compare Jer 11:7; Jer 32:33; often ׳הַשׁ וְשָׁלוֺחַ = sending early and often Jer 7:25; Jer 24:4; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:14; Jer 44:4, also 2Ch 36:15; so verb finite הִשְׁחִיתוּ הִשְׁכִּימוּ, Zep 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges§ 120g); participle מַשְׁ ׳כַּטַּל הֹלֵךְ Hos 6:4 like the dew departing early, Hos 13:3 (Gesib.). — 1Sa 9:26 read וַיִּשְׁכַּב, see שׁכב

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 2 entries

Time52 occurrences Endure13 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0