שָׁכַב

H7901. shakab
שָׁכַב (LagBN 63) verb lie down (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; שכב Ecclus 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Ecclesiasticus 40:5; Ecclesiasticus 47:20d, = death bed Ecclesiasticus 46:19; Phoenician משכב שכב, (see ׳מ
1 below), Lzb375; Ethiopic lie, Aramaic שְׁכַב, ; Nabataean משכבא couch; Arabic only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (compare
Hiph`il below, and LagBN 63)); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 26:10 +, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׁכַּב Gen 30:15 +, 3 masculine plural יִשְׁכְּבֻן 1Sa 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Jos 2:8; Job 30:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁכַב 2Sa 13:5; Eze 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Gen 39:7, Gen 39:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁכֹב Lev 15:24; construct שְׁכַב 1Ki 1:21 +, suffix שָׁכְבוֺ Rth 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Gen 19:33, Gen 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Deu 6:7 Deu 6:2t.; Participle שֹׁכֵב Gen 28:13 +, feminine שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Mic 7:5; Rth 3:8, etc.; —
1 lie down (sometimes opposed to הֵקִיץ קוּם,):
a. Jdg 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + נָפַל כָּרַע,).
b. to sleep, Gen 19:4 (J), Gen 28:11 (E), 1Sa 3:5; Deu 7:7; Pro 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם) 1Sa 9:26 ᵐ5 Th We Dr and modern; ׳שׁ + יָשֵׁן sleep 1Ki 19:5; Psa 3:6; Psalm 4:9, compare Pro 3:24 (twice in verse), + נִרְדָּם Jon 1:5; = be lying 1Sa 3:2-3, 1Sa 26:5 (all בְּ local), 1Sa 26:7; 1Sa 4:5 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb noon-repose), 2Sa 13:8, compare בְּלֶביָֿם שֹׁכֵב Pro 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ecc 4:11; + be sleeping 1Sa 26:7 = keep lying, with עַד Jdg 16:3; 1Sa 3:15; Rth 3:13; Pro 6:9; emphasis on resting, Lev 26:6 (H), Job 11:18; token of mourning, אָ֑רְצָה וְשָׁכַב (וְלָן) 2Sa 12:16, compare 2Sa 13:21, ׳שׁ בַּשָּׂק 1Ki 21:27, ׳שׁ שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם בֵּין Psa 68:14 (of indolence?); figurative of prostration by disease Psa 41:9; among foes Psa 57:5; of humiliation Jer 3:25; with עַל of thing: land Gen 28:13 (J), usually bed 2Sa 13:5; 1Ki 21:4; Lev 15:4, Lev 15:24, Lev 15:26, compare Lev 15:20, for midday repose 2Sa 4:7.
c. lie on (עַל) one's side Eze 4:4 (twice in verse); Eze 4:6, Eze 4:9 (symbolic).
d. lie, עַל person 1Ki 3:19 (fatally), 2Ki 4:34 (to revive).
e. lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2Sa 12:3, of woman Mic 7:5 (intimacy), 1Ki 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gen 19:33, Gen 19:35 (of woman, see
3 below; both opposed to קוּם).
2 = lodge (for night), ׳שׁ (שָׁ֫מָּהׅ Jos 2:1 (E), 2Ki 4:11, compare 2Ki 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lev 14:47 (בְּ local).
3 of sexual relations, lie with: subject man, with עִם Gen 30:15-16, Gen 39:7, Gen 39:12, Gen 39:14 (J), Exo 22:13 (E), Deu 22:22 Deu 22:8t. Deuteronomy; 2Sa 11:4, 2Sa 11:11; 2Sa 12:11, 2Sa 12:24; Lev 15:33; with אֶת feminine with (אֹתָהּ ᵑ0, etc., originally אִתָּהּ, etc., see Dr2Sa 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85:a above), Gen 26:10; Gen 34:2, Gen 34:7; Gen 35:22 (all J), 1Sa 2:22 (omitted by ᵐ5 and modern), 2Sa 13:14; Eze 23:8 (figurative), Lev 15:24 (יִשְׁכַּב שָׁכֹב), Num 5:19, also (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb שִׁכְבַתזֶֿרַע) Num 5:13; Lev 15:18; Lev 19:20; with accusative (suffix) feminine Deu 28:30 Kt (see [ שָׁגֵל]); with אֵצֶל feminine Gen 39:10 (J); with אֵת of a man (sodomy), Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13 (both H; with accusative of congnate meaning with verb אִשָּׁה מִשְׁכְּבֵי); with עִםבְּֿהֵמָה Deu 27:21; Lev 22:18 (H); subject woman, with עִם of a man Gen 19:32, Gen 19:34, Gen 19:35 (J) 2Sa 13:11; אֵת of a man Gen 19:33-34, (compare 1e above).
4. a. lie down in death, Isa 14:8; Isa 43:17 (opposed to קוּם), Eze 31:18; Eze 32:27-28, Eze 32:29, Eze 32:30; Job 14:12 (opposed to הֵקִיץ קוּם,), ׳שׁ וְאֶשְׁקוֺט Job 3:12; be lying (dead) Isa 51:20; Lam 2:21.
b. especially in phrase ׳שׁ אֲבוֺתָיו עִם lie down with his fathers, of kings 1Ki 1:21; 1Ki 2:10 1Ki 2:35t. Kings Chronicles, compare Gen 47:30 (J) Deu 31:16, and (with אֵת) 2Sa 7:12
c. in grave, בְּבֵיתוֺ Isa 14:18 (opposed to מִקִּבְרְךָ), קֶבֶר שֹׁכְבֵי Psa 88:6; לֶעָפָר Job 7:21, ׳עַלעֿ Job 20:11; Job 21:26; in sh®°ôl Eze 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Isa 50:11.
5 figurative = relax: Job 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, שׁ ׳לֹא לִבּוֺ Ecc 2:23.
Niph`al Pu`al = be lain with (sexually; subject woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל]
Niph`al Pu`al q. v.
Hiph`il lay, Perfect3feminine singular הִשְׁכִּיבָה with accusative puer. + בְּחֵיק 1Ki 3:20, so Imperfect3feminine singular suffix וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ 1Ki 3:20, compare (עַלמִֿטָּה) 1Ki 17:19; 2Ki 4:21; Infinitive absolute אַ֫רְצָה אוֺתָם הַשְׁכֵּב 2Sa 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Imperfect also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב2Ch 16:14 (of burial); יַשְׁכִּיב מִי שָׁמַיִם נִבְלֵי Job 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (compare Arabic above).
Hoph`al Participle מֻשְׁכָּב 2Ki 4:32 laid עַלמִֿטָּה; Perfect consecutive וְהֻשְׁכַּב Eze 32:32 shall be laid (in death), with בְּתוֺךְ and אֵת person (with); so Imperative masculine singular הָשְׁכְּבָה Eze 32:19 (with אֵת person only).