שַׁבָּת
shabbâth · H7676 · Hebrew · 111 occurrences
Meanings
-
The seventh day of the week, which is a day of rest during which the people are not to do any work (sabbath, (day of) rest)
ExamplesExodus 16:23 then he said to them, “This is what the LORD meant: Tomorrow is a Sabbath observance, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, and all that is left over put aside to be kept until morning.”
Exodus 16:25 Then Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to the LORD; today you will not find it in the field.
Exodus 16:26 “Six days you shall gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be none.”
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
37 occurrences in 10 groups
- יmy 15
- שַׁבָּתוֹן(time of) solemn rest 6
- הּher 5
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- שֶׁבַעseven 3
- שְׁבִיעִיseventh 1
Named alongside itApposition
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- מִקְרָאgathering 1
- קֹדֶשׁholiness 1
- שַׁבָּתוֹן(time of) solemn rest 1
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 2
What is done to itIt is the object
31 occurrences in 10 groups
- שָׁמַרto keep, to guard, to observe 9
- חָלַלto profane, to begin 7
- רָצָהto accept, to be pleased with 4
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
What it is said to bePredicate
3 occurrences in 1 groups
- יוֹםday, time 3
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
6 occurrences in 2 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 3
- יוֹםday, time 3
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
16 occurrences in 3 groups
- בin/on/with 13
- לto/for 6
- מִןfrom 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
43 occurrences in 10 groups
- יוֹםday, time 27
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 4
- יָצָאto go out 3
- מׇחֳרָתnext day 3
- Other words · 6 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- σάββατον sábbaton · G4521 · week
- Direct translational equivalent — σάββατον is the standard Greek rendering of Hebrew שַׁבָּת, both denoting the seventh-day Sabbath institution and the day of rest itself.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Names of Times003001013
- Exodus 20:8 commands, "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy," and Exodus 16:23/16:25 both name "a Sabbath... to the LORD," directly attesting this word's use as the name of the observed weekly day.
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7676. shabbath שַׁבָּת111 noun feminineEx 31:41+ and masculineIsa 66:2, Isa 66:6 (under…
שַׁבָּת111 noun feminineEx 31:41+ and masculineIsa 66:2, Isa 66:6 (under influence of יוֺם in frequent הַשּׁ ׳יוֺם, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 47) sabbath ( = ת + שׁבת; Late Hebrew שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (||um nu— libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lexical Tablets); compare LotzQuaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883 JenZA iv (1889), 274 ff. (doubts connection of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) IdS. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f. Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 93 SchwIdioticon 127; see (more recently) JastrAmos. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff. ToyTBL xviii (1899), 190 ff. DrHast. DB SABBATH (1902) ZimKAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff. [15th day of month so called]458ff.); — absolute ׳שׁ Exo 16:25 64t.; construct שַׁבַּת Exo 16:23 Exo 16:10t.; suffix שַׁבַּתּוֺ Num 28:10 Num 28:3t. suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֺת Lev 23:15 Lev 23:7t.; construct שַׁבְּתתֹ Lev 23:38; Lev 25:3, Lev 25:8; suffix שַׁבְּתוֺתַי Isa 56:4 +, etc.; —
1 sabbath:
a. primitive ׳שׁ ליהוה Exo 16:25 (J), Exo 20:10 = Deu 5:14 (ten words) Lev 23:3 (P); ׳הַשּׁ Exo 16:29 (J); שׁ ׳הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּיוֺם Exo 16:26 (J); on seventh day הַשַּׁבָּת יוֺם Exo 20:8, Exo 20:11 = Deu 5:12, Deu 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Exo 31:15 Exo 31:3t. P, Jer 17:21; Eze 46:4; Neh 10:32 Neh 10:9t., + (|| new moon) Isa 1:13; Eze 46:1; 2Ki 4:23; Amo 8:5, compare Isa 66:23 (twice in verse), also חג and מועד Hos 2:13; time of change of watch in temple 2Ki 11:5, 2Ki 11:7, 2Ki 11:9 (twice in verse) = 2Ch 23:4, 2Ch 23:8 (twice in verse); ׳הַשּׁ מיסך (in temple) 2Ki 16:18; originally observed simply by abstinence from labour Exo 20:9-10, = Deu 5:12-14; Exo 23:12 (E), Exo 34:21 (J; BrHex. 181-195).
b. Deuteronomic reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deu 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֺ Deu 5:12 = Exo 20:8; השׁ יום ׳קדּשׁ Jer 17:22, Jer 17:24, Jer 17:27 (especially no load carried), Eze 20:20; Eze 44:24.
c. intensified by anith. שׁ ׳חלּל Eze 20:13 Eze 20:5t. Ezekiel; compare Neh 13:18. Phrases in H: (ה)שׁ ׳שׁמר Lev 19:3, Lev 19:10; Lev 26:2, then P Exo 31:13-14, Exo 31:16; compare Isa 56:2, Isa 56:4, Isa 56:6; י ׳קדושׁ קָדְשִׁי, יוֺם: Isa 58:13 (twice in verse) (with כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Lev 26:35; הַשּׁ ׳מִמָּחֳרַת Lev 23:11, Lev 23:15, Lev 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֺתַי Lev 19:3, Lev 19:30; Lev 26:2; Isa 56:4; Eze 20:12; Eze 22:26, +8 t. Ezekiel; || מוֺעֵד Lam 2:6.
d. P gives as basis God's resting Exo 20:11; Exo 31:17; י ׳שׁבתות Lev 23:38; ליהוה ׳שׁ קדשׁ Exo 16:23, compare Neh 9:14, ׳שׁ שׁבתון Exo 31:15; Exo 35:2; Lev 23:3; השׁ ׳עשׂה Exo 31:16, שׁ ׳עֹלַת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ Num 28:10, compare Isa 66:23; הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ ׳בְּיוֺם Lev 24:8 on every sabbath, abbreviation שַׁבָּת שַׁבַּת 1Ch 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֺת || חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים 1Ch 23:31 1Ch 23:3t. Chronicles, Neh 10:34 (ל omitted by error); work punished by stoning Num 15:32, Num 15:36; trade prohibited Neh 10:32; Neh 13:15-21.
2 day of atonement is a שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּת Lev 16:31; Lev 23:32 (P), compare שַׁבָּת שָׁבַת Lev 23:32 (P).
3 sabbath year, שַׁבָּתוֺן שַׁבַּת Lev 25:4 (H); ליהוה שַׁבָּת Lev 25:2; Lev 25:4 (H), (הארץׅ רצה שַׁבְּתוֺתֶיהָ Lev 26:34 (twice in verse); Lev 26:43 (H), 2Ch 36:21.
4 = week(?): שַׁבָּתוֺת שֶׁבַע Lev 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; (ה)שָּׁנִים שַׁבְּתתֹ שֶׁבַע Lev 25:8; Lev 28:8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mar 16:2, Mar 16:9; Luk 18:12; Mat 28:1, compare Jewish-Aramaic usage); possibly שַׁבָּת Isa 66:23 = week (Du).
5 הָאָ֫רֶץ שַׁבַּת Lev 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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