Word

שָׁבַת

shâbath · H7673 · Hebrew · 71 occurrences

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Meanings

to end, to cease, to stop

Process by which an activity comes to an end

Examples
Genesis 8:22 “While the earth remains, Seedtime and harvest, Cold and heat, Summer and winter, And day and night Shall not cease.”
Nehemiah 6:3 So I sent messengers to them, saying, “I am doing a great work and am unable to come down. Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?”
Proverbs 22:10 Drive out the scoffer, and strife will leave, Even quarreling and dishonor will cease.
Causative process by which humans or deities cause an activity to come to an end (to end (something), to make cease, to stop)

Examples
2 Chronicles 16:5 When Baasha heard about it, he stopped fortifying Ramah and put an end to his work.
Proverbs 18:18 The cast lot puts an end to quarrels, And decides between the mighty ones.
Isaiah 13:11 So I will punish the world for its evil And the wicked for their wrongdoing; I will also put an end to the audacity of the proud And humiliate the arrogance of the tyrants.
to cease, to stop

Literally: to end; hence: action by which human stop engaging in a certain activity

Examples
Job 32:1 Then these three men stopped answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
Hosea 7:4 They are all adulterers, Like an oven heated by the baker, Who stops stoking the fire From the time the dough is kneaded until it is leavened.
to cause to cease

Literally: to cause to end; hence: causative action by which humans or deities cause (other) humans to stop engaging in a certain activity

Examples
Exodus 5:5 Again Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now many, and you would have them cease from their labors!”
Joshua 22:25 “For the LORD has made the Jordan a border between us and you, you sons of Reuben and sons of Gad; you have no portion in the LORD.” So your sons may make our sons stop fearing the LORD.’
Ezekiel 34:10 ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: “Behold, I am against the shepherds, and I will demand My sheep from them and make them stop tending sheep. So the shepherds will not feed themselves anymore, but I will save My sheep from their mouth, so that they will not be food for them.”’”
to rest

Action by which humans refrain from doing work

Examples
Genesis 2:2 By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.
Genesis 2:3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on it He rested from all His work which God had created and made.
Exodus 16:30 So the people rested on the seventh day.
to keep sabbath

Action by which humans observe the sabbath and refrain from doing work

Examples
Leviticus 23:32 “It is to be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves; on the ninth of the month at evening, from evening until evening, you shall keep your Sabbath.”
Leviticus 25:2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you come into the land which I am going to give you, then the land shall have a Sabbath to the LORD.
to disappear

Literally: to end; hence: process by which humans or objects are no longer found in a certain place

Examples
Joshua 5:12 And the manna ceased on the day after they had eaten some of the produce of the land, so that the sons of Israel no longer had manna, but they ate some of the yield of the land of Canaan during that year.
Isaiah 14:4 that you will take up this taunt against the king of Babylon, and say, “How the oppressor has ceased, And how the onslaught has ceased!
Isaiah 17:3 “The fortified city will disappear from Ephraim, And sovereignty from Damascus And the remnant of Aram; They will be like the glory of the sons of Israel,” Declares the LORD of armies.
to remove

Literally: to cause to end; hence: causative process by which humans or deities cause (other) humans, deities, animals, or objects to be found no longer in a certain place

Examples
Exodus 12:15 ‘For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove dough with yeast from your houses; for whoever eats anything with yeast from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel.
Leviticus 2:13 ‘Every grain offering of yours, moreover, you shall season with salt, so that the salt of the covenant of your God will not be lacking from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.
Leviticus 26:6 ‘I shall also grant peace in the land, so that you may lie down, with no one to make you afraid. I shall also eliminate harmful animals from the land, and no sword will pass through your land.

How it’s used In 7 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

71 occurrences in 34 groups

Not stated: I 20
Not stated: he, she or it 13
Not stated: you (one person) 6
Not stated: you (more than one) 4
מָשׂוֹשׂjoy 3
Other words · 29 groups that occur once or twice (33) 33

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

43 occurrences in 39 groups

קוֹלvoice, sound 8
Other words · 38 groups that occur once or twice (46) 46

Second objectAs in “call him Lord”

1 occurrences in 1 groups

סִיגdross 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

37 occurrences in 36 groups

בin/on/with+ יוֹםday, time 5
מִןfrom+ אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 3
Other words · 34 groups that occur once or twice (35) 35

With adverbsAdverbs

5 occurrences in 2 groups

לֹאnot 4
אָזat that time 1

What is done to itIt is the object

2 occurrences in 2 groups

אָמַרto say 1
שָׁבַתto cease, to rest, to put an end 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

1 occurrences in 1 groups

לto/for 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Semantic domains 3 entries

End002003003010: Genesis 8:22 promises that seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, "shall not cease," directly attesting the decisive stopping this word denotes.
Non-Engage002003003012: Genesis 2:2-3 describes God who "rested on the seventh day from all His work," and Exodus 5:5 has Pharaoh complain that Moses would "have them cease from their labors," both directly attesting the disengagement from labor this word denotes.
Non-Exist002002002006: Genesis 8:22's promise that day and night "shall not cease" also attests, in its negated form, this word's sense of a thing lapsing out of existence.

Word family 5 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שָׁבַתshâbath · H7673שַׁבָּת shabbâth · H7676 · sabbath, (day of) rest · 111×שַׁבָּתוֹן shabbâthôwn · H7677 · (time of) solemn rest · 11×שֶׁבֶת shebeth · H7674 · seat, sitting still, refraining · 4×מִשְׁבָּת mishbâth · H4868 · end, destruction · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7673. shabath שָׁבַת71 verb cease, desist, rest (As šabâtu, probably cease, be completed…

H7673. shabath
שָׁבַת71 verb cease, desist, rest (As šabâtu, probably cease, be completed DlWB ZimKAT 3. 593 (JenZA iv (1889), 277 f. is sceptical); Arabic cut off, interrupt; Late Hebrew has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of nealect); —
Qal27 Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 2:3 +; 3 plural שָׁבָ֑תוּ Lam 5:14, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁבּוֺת Hos 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Pro 22:10 Pro 22:2t.; 3 feminine singular תִּשְׁבֹּת Lev 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת Lev 26:34; Neh 6:3 +, etc.; —
1 cease: (absolute 13 t.) of seasons Gen 8:22 (J); manna Jos 5:12 (P), etc., Isa 14:4 (twice in verse); Neh 6:3 +; with מִן Hos 7:4 Hos 7:3t.
2 desist from labour, rest:
a. with מִן (of god) Gen 2:2-3,(P).
b. מִן omitted, ב temporal Exo 23:12 (E), Exo 16:30; Exo 34:21 (J), Exo 31:17 (P); שׁ וּבַקָּצִיר ׳בֶּחָרִישׁ Exo 34:21 (J; i.e., even in these busy seasons).
c. land in 7th year Lev 26:34-35, (twice in verse) (H), 2Ch 36:21. — Lev 23:32; Lev 25:2 see [ שָׁבַת] verb denominative below
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִשְׁבַּת Isa 17:3 Isa 17:2t.; plural נִשְׁבְּתוּ Eze 6:6; — cease: absolute Eze 6:6; Eze 30:18; Eze 33:28; with מִן Isa 17:3.
Hiph`il40 Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׁבִּית Rth 4:14 +; 2 masculine singular הִשְׁבַּתָּ Psa 89:45; Psa 119:119, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשְׁבִּיתּ Pro 18:18; Dan 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2Ki 23:11; 2Ch 16:5, etc.; Infinitive construct הַשְׁבִּית Psa 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Amo 8:4 (Ges§ 53q); Imperative masculine plural הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Isa 30:11; Participle מַשְׁבִּית Jer 16:9; Psa 46:10; —
1 cause to cease, put an end to: with accusative mirth Hos 2:13, work 2Ch 16:5; Neh 4:5; sacrifice Dan 9:27; war Psa 46:10, compare Isa 13:11; Eze 7:24; Pro 18:18 Pro 18:6t., + ׳הִשׁ מִן שָׂשׂוֺן קוֺל Jer 7:34; Jer 16:9, compare Jer 48:33.
2 = exterminate, destroy: with accusative 2Ki 23:5, 2Ki 23:11; Amo 8:4 (Now conjectures העשׁקים), Hos 1:4; Psa 8:3; Psa 119:119; with accusative + מִן, Jer 36:29, הָאָרֶץ מִן Lev 26:6 (H), Eze 34:25; אלילים Eze 30:13; Deu 32:26.
3 cause to desist from: with מִן Eze 16:41; Eze 34:10; Exo 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי infinitive Jos 22:25 (P).
4 remove ( = הֵסִיר מִן): with מִן Eze 23:27, Eze 23:48; Psa 89:45 (text dubious: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֺ [
3] ᵐ5 Du; הֹדוֺ מַטֵּה Herz Che, see also below טֳהָר); leaven מבתים Exo 12:15 (P); ׳הַשׁ ׳אֶחקֿ ׳ישׂר מִמָּנֵינוּ Isa 30:11.
5 cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ מֵעַל Lev 2:12 (P); accusative pers + ל person Jer 48:35; Rth 4:14.
[שָׁבַת] verb denominative keep, observe (sabbath); —
Qal, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb; Perfect3feminine singular לי ׳שַׁבָּת הָאָרֶץ וְשָֽׁבְתָה Lev 25:2; Lev 25:2masculine plural שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם תִּשְׁבְּתוּ עַדעֶֿרֶב מֵעֶרֶב Lev 23:32 (P).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 3 entries

Non-Exist22 occurrences End31 occurrences Non-Engage18 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0