רָעַשׁ
râʻash · H7493 · Hebrew · 30 occurrences
Meanings
-
to tremble, quake or shake
A process by which humans or objects shake involuntarily, often in response to divine intervention, or by which humans or deities cause others to do so
ExamplesJudges 5:4 “LORD, when You went out from Seir, When You marched from the field of Edom, The earth quaked, the heavens also dripped, The clouds also dripped water.
Job 39:20 “Do you make him leap like locusts? His majestic snorting is frightening.
2 Samuel 22:8 “Then the earth shook and quaked, The foundations of heaven were trembling And were shaken, because He was angry.
-
to sway
Meaning unsure; possibly: process by which objects move back and forth when agitated by an outside force
ExamplesPsalm 72:16 May there be abundance of grain on the earth on top of the mountains; Its fruit will wave like the cedars of Lebanon; And may those from the city flourish like the vegetation of the earth.
-
to be abundant
Meaning unsure, possibly: state in which an object is available in a very large quantity
ExamplesPsalm 72:16 May there be abundance of grain on the earth on top of the mountains; Its fruit will wave like the cedars of Lebanon; And may those from the city flourish like the vegetation of the earth.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
30 occurrences in 18 groups
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 12
- Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (23) 23
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
7 occurrences in 7 groups
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 3
- גּוֹיnation, people 2
- שָׁמַיִםheaven, sky 2
- חָרָבָהdry land 1
- יָםsea 1
- מַמְלָכָהkingdom, kingship 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
14 occurrences in 11 groups
- מִןfrom+ קוֹלvoice, sound 6
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
With adverbsAdverbs
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- σείω seíō · G4579 · to shake, to stir up, to cause an uproar
- Greek σείω specifically denotes physical shaking or trembling motion (rock, vibrate, agitate), serving as the standard LXX rendering for Hebrew רָעַשׁ's core sense of earthquake-like trembling and causing things to quake.
- ἔντρομος éntromos · G1790 · trembling, quivering, shaking
- ἔντρομος captures the resulting state of terror/trembling that רָעַשׁ can produce, representing the Greek lexicalization of the emotional-physical response to the shaking/trembling action denoted by the Hebrew verb.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Unsteady002001001067
- Judges 5:4 declares that when the LORD marched from Edom "the earth quaked," and 2 Samuel 22:8 similarly describes "the earth shook and quaked" at His anger, directly attesting the sense of violent shaking.
- Quantity002001001046
- This verb's range can describe the ground shaking under the sheer numbers of a marching host, though the sampled citations here (Judges 5:4; 2 Samuel 22:8) attest theophanic earthquake rather than this quantity sense specifically.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7493. raash [רָעַשׁ] verb quake, shake, intransitive (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, so…
[רָעַשׁ] verb quake, shake, intransitive (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, so Aramaic (rare), and (once) רְשְַׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic , usually , , (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; compare perhaps Assyrian rêšu, exult); —
Qal Perfect3feminine singular רָעֲשָׁה Jer 8:16; Jer 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Jdg 5:4; Psa 68:9; Psa 68:3plural רָעֲשׁוּ Joe 2:10 +, etc. Imperfect3masculine singular יִרְעַשׁ Psa 72:16, Psa 72:3feminine plural תִּרְעַשְׁנָה Eze 26:10, etc.; Participle plural רֹעֲשִׁים Jer 4:24; — quake, shake, of earth Jdg 5:4 = Psa 68:9, 2Sa 22:8 (|| רגז) = Psa 18:8 (|| id.), Psa 77:19 (+ רגז), also Isa 13:13 (with עַלכֵּֿן, + מִמְּקוֺמוֺ, pregnantly; || רָגַז), Jer 51:29; with מִן causative Jer 8:16; Jer 10:10; Jer 49:21; of אָ֑רֶץ מוֺסְדֵי Isa 24:18; of heavens Joe 2:10 (לִפְנֵי causative; || רָגַז); heavens and earth Joel 4:16; mountains Jer 4:24; Nah 1:5 (מִן person causative ), Psa 46:4 (ב causative ); walls Eze 26:10 (מִן causative ); אִיִּים Eze 26:15 (id.); מִגְרשׁוֺת Eze 27:28 (ל causative ); הַסִּמִּים Amo 9:1; all living things Eze 38:20 (מִמָּנַי causative ); of waving grain Psa 72:16.
Niph`al הָאָרֶץ נִרְעֲשָׁה Jer 50:46 is made to quake (מִקּוֺל).
Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הִרְעַשְׁתָּה Psa 60:4; Psa 60:1singular הַרְעַשְׁתִּי Eze 31:16; ׳וְהִר consecutive Hag 2:7; Imperfect2masculine singular suffix 3 masculine singular (הֲ)תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ Job 39:20; Participle מַרְעִישׁ Isa 14:16 Isa 14:2t.; —
1 cause to quake, subject ׳י, with accusative of heavens, earth, nations, etc., Hag 2:6-7, Hag 2:21, compare Psa 60:4; nations + מִקּוֺל Eze 31:16; subject man, with accusative of kingdoms Isa 14:16 (|| מַרְגִּיז).
2 cause (horse) to spring, leap (like locust), man subject, Job 39:20.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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