Word

רוּחַ

rûwach · H7308 · Aramaic · 11 occurrences

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Meanings

Spirit

A manifestation of God, often described as a substance that can be poured out, through whom the universe is created and animated, equipping humans with wisdom, skill and strength for specific tasks, and also appearing as breath in living creatures or as wind in nature

Examples
Daniel 4:8 “But finally Daniel came in before me, whose name is Belteshazzar according to the name of my god, and in whom is a spirit of the holy gods; and I related the dream to him, saying,
Daniel 4:9 ‘Belteshazzar, chief of the soothsayer priests, since I know that a spirit of the holy gods is in you and no secret baffles you, tell me the visions of my dream which I have seen, along with its interpretation.
Daniel 4:18 ‘This is the dream that I, King Nebuchadnezzar, have seen. Now you, Belteshazzar, tell me its interpretation, since none of the wise men of my kingdom is able to make known to me the interpretation; but you are able, because a spirit of the holy gods is in you.’
Inner person of a human or celestial being, associated with emotions, such as joy, grief, worry, courage, anger, willingness, jealousy, etc., but also with inner qualities such as wisdom ((human) spirit, mind)

Examples
Daniel 5:12 “This was because an extraordinary spirit, knowledge and insight, interpretation of dreams, explanation of riddles, and solving of difficult problems were found in this Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar. Let Daniel now be summoned and he will declare the interpretation.”
Daniel 5:20 “But when his heart was arrogant and his spirit became so overbearing that he behaved presumptuously, he was deposed from his royal throne, and his dignity was taken away from him.
Daniel 6:3 Then this Daniel began distinguishing himself among the commissioners and satraps because he possessed an extraordinary spirit, and the king intended to appoint him over the entire kingdom.
breeze, wind

A natural movement of air, blowing in a particular direction, ranging in intensity from a light breeze to a heavy blast; often regarded as the breath of God, but also associated with things that are without substance and cannot be grasped

Examples
Daniel 2:35 “Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were crushed to pieces all at the same time, and they were like chaff from the summer threshing floors; and the wind carried them away so that not a trace of them was found. But the stone that struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the entire earth.
direction

A reference to one of the four quarters of heaven, associated with the wind and used for orientation purposes

Examples
Daniel 7:2 Daniel said, “I was looking in my vision by night, and behold, the four winds of heaven were stirring up the great sea.

How it’s used In 5 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

8 occurrences in 4 groups

אֱלָהּGod, god 5
שָׁמַיִןheaven 1
יmy 1
הוּhis 1

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

3 occurrences in 2 groups

יַתִּירexceeding 2
אַרְבַּעfour 1

What it doesIt is the subject

4 occurrences in 4 groups

גִּיחַstrive 1
כָּרָאbe grieved 1
נְשָׂאcarry away 1
תְּקֵףmake firm 1

What is done to itIt is the object

2 occurrences in 2 groups

יְדַעcertify 1
שְׁמַעhear 1

What it is said to bePredicate

6 occurrences in 2 groups

ךָּyou 3
וֹhim 3

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 1 word

πνεῦμα pneûma · G4151 · spirit: The Aramaic רוּחַ (rûwach, H7308) and Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, G4151) share core semantic overlap denoting spirit/wind/breath, functioning as direct cross-linguistic translation equivalents in passages where the Aramaic term appears in Daniel's visions and its Greek rendering captures the same pneumatological or meteorological sense.

Semantic domains 9 entries

Deities001001001: This same clause in Daniel 5:11 — “a spirit of the holy gods” — carries the shared lemma-cluster grouping's “Spirit” sense as well, since the spirit described is itself a spirit belonging to the holy gods.
People001001003: Daniel 5:11 recounts that “there is a man in your kingdom in whom is a spirit of the holy gods.”
Air001002005001: Daniel 2:35 recounts that after the statue was crushed, “the wind carried them away so that not a trace of them was found.”
Chastise002003002005: This Chastise code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's idiomatic “breath” = punishment sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never breath as a figure for punishment.
Non-Endure002002003002: This Non-Endure code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's idiomatic “breath” = fleeting sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never breath as a figure for something fleeting.
Fail002003003013: This Fail code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's “empty words” sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never empty or failed words.
Spatial Referents003002005: This Spatial Referents code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's “direction” sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never a spatial direction.
Speak002004001009008: This Speak code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's idiomatic “breath of mouth” = words sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never breath as words spoken.
Blow002002001002: This Blow code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's “breath” sense; this word's own occurrences describe a spirit found in Daniel and a wind that carried away crushed debris, never a literal breath exhaled.

Word family 9 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

רוּחַ rûwach · H7306 · to smell, to find joy (in something) · 11×רוּחַ rûwach · H7307 · spirit · 378×רֵיחַ rêyach · H7381 · odor, scent, aroma · 58×רוּחַrûwach · H7308רָוַח râvach · H7304 · to smell, to find joy (in something) · 3×רֶוַח revach · H7305 · space, distance, relief · 2×רְוָחָה rᵉvâchâh · H7309 · relief · 2×רַחַת rachath · H7371 · winnowing shovel · 1×רֵיחַ rêyach · H7382 · smell · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7308. ruach רוּחַ noun feminineDan 5:12 wind, spirit; — ׳ר absolute Dan 5:12; Dan 6:4,…

H7308. ruach
רוּחַ noun feminineDan 5:12 wind, spirit; — ׳ר absolute Dan 5:12; Dan 6:4, construct Dan 4:5 +, emphatic רוּחָא Dan 2:35; suffix רוּחִי Dan 7:15, הֵּ֯ Dan 5:20; plural construct רוּחֵי Dan 7:2; —
1 wind Dan 2:35; Dan 7:2.
2 spirit:
a. of man, Dan 5:20; Dan 7:15; as faculty of knowledge, ׳ר יַתִּירא Dan 5:12; Dan 6:4.
b. ׳ר קַדִּישִׁין אֱלָהִין Dan 4:5; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:11, ׳ר ׳א Dan 5:14.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0