צוּר
tsûwr · H6697 · Hebrew · 77 occurrences
Place
Thing
- KnifeEating utensils7 verses
Meanings
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rock
Hard stony material that forms the crust of the earth, sometimes exposed on the surface, sometimes hidding under the soil; associated with hardness, permanence, and security
ExamplesDeuteronomy 8:15 He who led you through the great and terrible wilderness, with its fiery serpents and scorpions, and its thirsty ground where there was no water; He who brought water for you out of the rock of flint.
Job 19:24 “That with an iron stylus and lead They were engraved in the rock forever!
Job 22:24 And put your gold in the dust, And the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks,
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rock
Mass of rock projecting and forming an elevation
ExamplesExodus 17:6 “Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb; and you shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, so that the people may drink.” And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.
Exodus 33:21 Then the LORD said, “Behold, there is a place by Me, and you shall stand there on the rock;
Exodus 33:22 and it will come about, while My glory is passing by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock and cover you with My hand until I have passed by.
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Literally: (one's) rock; hence: a title for God as the one who provides protection for his people ((God as a) Rock)
ExamplesDeuteronomy 32:4 “The Rock! His work is perfect, For all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness and without injustice, Righteous and just is He.
Deuteronomy 32:15 “But Jeshurun became fat and kicked— You have become fat, thick, and obstinate— Then he abandoned God who made him, And rejected the Rock of his salvation.
Deuteronomy 32:18 “You forgot the Rock who fathered you, And forgot the God who gave you birth.
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form, shape
The outward, visible shape of an object
ExamplesPsalm 49:14 Like sheep they sink down to Sheol; Death will be their shepherd; And the upright will rule over them in the morning, And their form shall be for Sheol to consume So that they have no lofty home.
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Wildgoats' Rocks
The Wild Goats' Rocks, a location in the desert of Judah where Saul looked for David
Examples1 Samuel 24:2 Then Saul took three thousand chosen men from all Israel and went to search for David and his men in front of the Rocks of the Mountain Goats.
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Rock of Oreb
The Rock of Oreb, near the Jordan in the territory of Ephraim, where Oreb, chief of the Midianites, was killed by Gideon
ExamplesJudges 7:25 And they captured the two leaders of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb, and they killed Oreb at the rock of Oreb, and they killed Zeeb at the wine press of Zeeb, while they pursued Midian; and they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon from across the Jordan.
Isaiah 10:26 The LORD of armies will wield a whip against him like the defeat of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and His staff will be over the sea, and He will lift it up the way He did in Egypt.
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
36 occurrences in 19 groups
- יmy 10
- הֶםtheir 4
- Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
Named alongside itApposition
7 occurrences in 5 groups
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 3
- מַחֲסֶהrefuge, shelter 1
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 1
- מָעוֹןdwelling place 1
- עֵמֶקvalley 1
What it doesIt is the subject
8 occurrences in 6 groups
- בָרַךְto bless 2
- עָתַקto move 2
- דָבַרto speak, to say 1
- מָכַרto sell 1
- נָתַץto tear down 1
- צוּקto nag 1
What is done to itIt is the object
10 occurrences in 8 groups
- בָּקַעto split, to break open 2
- זָכַרto remember 2
- הָפַךְto turn, to change, to overturn 1
- חָבַקto hold 1
- נָבֵלto wither 1
- נָכָהto strike, to strike down 1
What it is said to bePredicate
8 occurrences in 6 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 2
- מִיwho? 2
- בָּלָהto wear out 1
- יָהּYah 1
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 1
- צוּרrock 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
6 occurrences in 4 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 2
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 2
- אֵלGod, god 1
- צוּרrock 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
28 occurrences in 6 groups
- בin/on/with 16
- מִןfrom 10
- עַלon, upon, over, against 9
- לto/for 8
- אֵלto, toward 5
- כlike/as 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
10 occurrences in 7 groups
- חֶרֶבsword 2
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 2
- נְקָרָהcleft (in rock) 2
- חַלָּמִישׁflint 1
- מְעָרָהcave 1
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- חַלָּמִישׁ challâmîysh · H2496 · flint
- חַלָּמִישׁ specifically denotes ‘flint,’ a type of rock, while the target lexeme is the broader general term for ‘rock, stone’ (also used metaphorically of God or of strength). The two are near-synonyms, a specific rock-type term overlapping with a general one.
In the other Testament 2 words
- πέτρα pétra · G4073 · rock, bedrock
- Greek πέτρα renders Hebrew צוּר in contexts denoting rock as a physical mass or metaphorical strength/refuge, both terms sharing the semantic core of 'rock' as material substance and symbolic stability.
- θεός theós · G2316 · God, god
- צוּר (tsûwr, H6697) צוּר denotes 'rock' as a metaphorical epithet for God (emphasizing stability, strength, refuge), frequently rendered by θεός (theós, G2316) θεός when the metaphor is resolved to its divine referent in Greek translation contexts, though the Hebrew term's core concrete sense ('rock, stone') remains distinct from the Greek term's abstract theological denotation.
Semantic domains 7 entries
- Stone001002005016
- צוּר most often denotes a rock, as of the rock at Horeb Moses strikes for water in Exodus 17:6, the rock the LORD stands Moses upon in Exodus 33:21, and the cleft of the rock Moses is hidden in in Exodus 33:22.
- Landforms001002003
- The word also denotes rocky heights as a landform, as of Balaam surveying Israel from the top of the rocks in Numbers 23:9.
- Titles003001017
- This domain's connection to צוּר is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of a literal rock rather than its separate, widely attested use as a divine title elsewhere in the Old Testament.
- Shape002001001052
- This domain's connection to צוּר is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of a literal rock rather than a shaped or fashioned form.
- Products001003001
- This domain's connection to צוּר is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of a literal rock rather than a manufactured product.
- Names of People003001007
- צוּר (tsûwr, H6697) is a common noun meaning "rock, cliff." The quotation "I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb; and you shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it" at Exodus 17:6 shows this sense, which does not independently attest the "Names of People" domain; that classification is bundle-shared with צוּר (Tsûwr, H6698) in the source data and is not confirmed by this lexeme's own occurrences.
- Names of Locations003001010
- This domain's connection to צוּר is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of a literal rock rather than a place name.
Word family 11 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6697. tsur I. צוּר noun masculineJob 29:6 rock, cliff; — ׳צ absolute Exo 17:6 +,…
I. צוּר noun masculineJob 29:6 rock, cliff; — ׳צ absolute Exo 17:6 +, construct Deu 8:15 +; suffix צוּרִי 2Sa 22:3, etc.; plural צֻרִים Num 23:9 +, צוּרוֺת Job 28:10; construct צוּרֵי 1Sa 24:3 (Gi v.1Sa 24:2); —
1. a. rocky wall, cliff, Exo 17:6 (twice in verse) (E), Deu 8:15 (׳צ הַחַלָּמִישׁ), Isa 48:21 (twice in verse); Psa 78:15; Psa 78:20; Psa 105:41; Psa 114:8; (|| חַלָּמִישׁ); בַצּ ׳בּוֺא Isa 2:10, צֻרִים בִּמְעָרוֺת Isa 2:19, הַצּ ׳בְּנִקְרוֺת Isa 2:21, compare Exo 33:21-22, (JE); yielding honey (from its clefts) Psalm 81:17 (compare Deu 32:13; Dy PerlesAnal. 34 We read צוּף); as look-out Num 23:9 (JE), home of goats 1Sa 24:3 (Gi v.1Sa 24:2), snow-covered Jer 18:14; bearing (olives for) oil Deu 32:13 (צ ׳חַלְמִישׁ), Job 29:6; resort of homeless Job 24:8, pierced by miners Job 28:10, compare perhaps אוֺפִיר בְּצ ׳שִׁית נְחָלִים Job 22:24 deposit (thy) gold in the rock of the wadys (most below צֹר pebble); as quarry, figurative of Abraham as ancestor of Israel Isa 51:1; place of security 1Ch 11:15, ׳צ הַמִּישׁוֺר Jer 21:13 (of city), figurative Psa 27:5; Psa 61:3; symbol of firmness Nah 1:6; Job 14:18; Job 18:4; enduring material Job 19:24.
b. rock with flat surface 2Sa 21:10; Pro 30:19.
c. block of stone, boulder Jdg 6:21; Jdg 13:19 (as altar); compare מִכְשׁוֺל צוּר Isa 8:14 (|| אֶבֶן נֶגֶף).
d. rock with specific name, ׳צ עוֺרֵב Jdg 7:25; Isa 10:26.
2. a. figurative of God (33 t.) as support and defence of his people (often || ׳י אֱלֹהִים,, etc.), ׳צ מָעֻזֵּךְ Isa 17:10, ׳צ מָעוֺז Psa 31:3, ׳צ עֻזִּי Psa 62:8, ׳צ מָעוֺן, Psa 71:3, ׳צ יְשֻׁעָתוֺ Deu 32:15 compare 2Sa 22:47b (but strike out, see || Psa 18:47), Psa 89:27; Psa 95:1, ׳צ וִישׁוּעָתִי Psa 62:3; Psa 62:7, ׳צ מַחְסִי Psa 94:22; ׳צ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 30:29; 2Sa 23:3 (personified), צוּרִי Psa 18:3; Psa 18:47 = 2Sa 22:3, 2Sa 22:47a, >Bible:Psalm 19:15>; Psa 28:1; Psalm 92:16; Psa 144:1, ׳צ לְבָבִי Psa 73:26, צוּרֵנוּ Deu 32:31, צוּרָם Deu 32:30; Psa 78:35; with בְּ essent. ׳צ עוֺלָמִים י ׳בְּיָהּ Isa 26:4 (compare Psa 62:8; see ב I. 7 c); as
proper name, of deity (the Rock Deu 32:4, Deu 32:18 (׳צ יְלָֽדְךָ), Deu 32:37; Hab 1:12, +(perhaps) Psa 75:6 (read בַּצּוּד, see צַוָּאר; see also מְּדָהצוּר).
b. of a heathen god Deu 32:31, compare Isa 44:3, א ׳מִבַּלְעֲדֵי צוּר מִי 2Sa 22:32 || Psa 18:32, compare 1Sa 2:2. — See also צוּר בֵּית and הַצֻּרִים חֶלְקַת. — Psa 89:44 see צֹד below III. צרר, Psa 49:15 see צוּרָה below III. צור. above
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 7 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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